• 한국컴퓨터산업교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2003

Principal component analysis(PCA) and neural network(NN) are used in reducing external noise in magnetocadiography. The PCA technique turns out to be very effective in reducing pulse noise in some SQUID channels and the NN find noise component automatically. Some experimental results obtained from 61 channel MCG system are shown.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.465-472
• /
• 2016

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is useful statistical technique for finding patterns in data, and expressing the data in such a way as to highlight their similarities and differences. In this paper, 1417 marine casualties occurred in Korean littoral sea in recent 5 years, were examined by the PCA. The main results obtained were as follows : 1. Most of marine casualties resulted from the human factors such as careless operation and insufficient engine maintenance. 2. Collision and standing mainly resulted from steering room-related human factors such as careless guard, inadequate ship-handling, however engine damage and fire explosion mainly resulted from engine room-related human factor such as bad handling of engine system. 3. No. 1 principal component represents accident frequency, No. 2 principal component represents the cause and No. 3 principal component represents the pattern of marine casualties, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a smartphone app for use in patient controlled analgesia (PCA) education and to identify PCA knowledge and pain management following lower extremity orthopaedic surgery under spinal anesthesia in patients who received smartphone app education. Methods: Participants were 150 patients in an orthopaedic hospital located in Busan. The measurement variables used in this study were PCA knowledge, pain management and pain level. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 21.0 program was used in the analysis of the relation of frequencies. In addition, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan, Pearson's correlation coefficients were also assessed. Results: The score for knowledge regarding PCA was $4.27{\pm}1.64$. The correlations between knowledge and pain management (button push times

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.65-84
• /
• 2023

The method of Lagrange multipliers, one of the most fundamental algorithms for solving equality constrained optimization problems, has been widely used in basic mathematics for artificial intelligence (AI), linear algebra, optimization theory, and control theory. This method is an important tool that connects calculus and linear algebra. It is actively used in artificial intelligence algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, it is desired that instructors motivate students who first encounter this method in college calculus. In this paper, we provide an integrated perspective for instructors to teach the method of Lagrange multipliers effectively. First, we provide visualization materials and Python-based code, helping to understand the principle of this method. Second, we give a full explanation on the relation between Lagrange multiplier and eigenvalues of a matrix. Third, we give the proof of the first-order optimality condition, which is a fundamental of the method of Lagrange multipliers, and briefly introduce the generalized version of it in optimization. Finally, we give an example of PCA analysis on a real data. These materials can be utilized in class for teaching of the method of Lagrange multipliers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.152-160
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of real PCA education with practice on postoperative pain, consumption of analgesics, and anxiety for elderly patients with total hip arthroplasty. Methods: This study utilized a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 52 elderly patients (${\geq}65$) with total hip arthroplasty at the G. hospital in Seoul. The participants were recruited from December 3, 2014 to April 30, 2015. Twenty six of them were assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. Preoperative real PCA education with practice was performed individually with the experimental group by the author. Results: There were statistically significant differences in 24 and 48 hour postoperative pain (t=-2.59, p=.012; t=-3.80, p<.001 respectively), and in consumption of analgesics at 24 and 48 hours after operation between the two groups (t=-3.61, p<.001; t=-4.19, p<.001 respectively). However, no significant difference in anxiety (t=-1.03, p=.308) at 48 hour after operation. Conclusion: This study has confirmed that the individualized real PCA education with practice contributes to relieve postoperative pain and reduce analgesic uses of the elderly with total hip arthroplasty. Thus, it is highly recommended that this education program could be applied in clinical settings as a nursing intervention in reducing postoperative pain for the elderly with total hip arthroplasty.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.565-572
• /
• 2022

Card sorting is a useful data collection method for understanding users' perceptions of relationships between items. In general, card sorting is an intuitive and cost-effective technique that is very useful for user research and evaluation. In this study, the core competencies of each field were used as competency cards used in the next stage of card sorting for course development, and the clustering results were derived by applying the K-means algorithm to cluster the results. As a result of card sorting, competency clustering for core competencies for each occupation in each field was verified based on Participant-Centric Analysis (PCA). For the number of core competency cards for each occupation, the number of participants who agreed appropriately for clustering and the degree of card similarity were derived compared to the number of sorting participants.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.433-442
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting postoperative pain and length of hospital stay of liver transplantation donors. Methods: This is a retrospective study using the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of 91 patients operated on at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea in 2016. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average age of the donors was $35.7{\pm}12.2$ years, and all donors were family members. PCA was applied for control pain in all patients, and 40.7% of PCA-related side effects were observed. The average length of hospital stay was $9.24{\pm}2.52$ days. The factors influencing the length of hospital stay were operative methods, pain control methods, and postoperative complications. The length of hospital stay was 1.29 days shorter if donors had no complication, 1.43 days shorter when only PCA was used, and 1.19 days shorter when laparoscopic resection was performed (Adjusted $R^2=0.17$, F=4.67, p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as basic data for practical and effective postoperative nursing education and intervention of living liver donors.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preoperative pain management education on postoperative pain control in patients with uterine tumor using patient controlled analgesia. Methods: This study used non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from September, 2008 to March, 2009 at one university hospital in Daegu, Korea. There were 60 participants, 30 in both the experimental and control group. The experimental group was given preoperative pain education using videos, leaflets, and a PCA model. Postoperative pain intensity, frequency of the PCA button being pressed, and doses of additional analgesics were observed through 24 hours postoperative and knowledge of pain and attitude about the use of the pain medicine were measured at 3 days postoperative. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, repeat measured ANOVA, and Bonferroni methods. Results: There were no significant differences in the postoperative pain level between the experimental and control group. Postoperative frequency of the PCA button pressed, doses of additional analgesics, pain knowledge and attitude about the use of the pain medicine of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Pain management education is an effective nursing intervention for pain control after surgery.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2020

Growth tests on the Wando and Baengnyeongdo cultivars of Saccharina japonica were performed at the Myeongcheon and Gyedo aquafarms, Goheung in Jeollanamdo, from February to July in 2003. Five environmental conditions and 2 traits were measured monthly. The data were used to analyze the growth patterns, relationships between traits and principal component. Box plots were used to display the growth patterns. Scatter plots and regression and correlation coefficients were used to determine the strength of relationships between the traits. A principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component explained more than 91.4% and 90.5% of the total sample variance in the Myeongcheon and Gyedo aquafarms. From the viewpoint of the economic traits (blade length, blade weight), the growth of populations from the Gyedo aquafarm was stronger than that of those from the Myeongcheon aquafarm, and the growth of the Baengnyeongdo cultivar was superior to that of the Wando one.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.67-84
• /
• 2005

In this study we investigated the adequacy of tools for distinction gifted students through the comparison these mutual relation on the basis of data, like paper test, the depths interview score, and the rest data((TTCT: Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, IQ test, FASP: Find A Shape Puzzle, V.T: Visualization Tests and Exp: experimental ability test), and analysis data of EEG test for examining the adequacy of tools for identification gifted students. So, we developed Brain Wave gifted Index(G-Index) for finding another distinction ability as using brain waves data. The standard of index development use gifted brain characteristic in closed-eyes rest state which is judged like that characteristic of distinction between gifted and normal students is the most clear and consistence. That is, the degree of unified pattern between each object and gifted PCA pattern was defined by Pearson method which added spatial mutual index to weight concept. This refer to mean number of spatial PCA pattern. Searching for the possibility of distinction gifted gave distinction effect in 76%. The result of regression analysis on the basis of mutual relation between the rest data is . The probability formula for distinct gifted group is as follow. $$P=\frac 1{1+e^{-[-0.018(TTCT)+0.057(IQ)+1.916(FASP)+0.682(V.T)+0.088(Exp.)+0.034(G-Index)-57.510]}}$$ The result of this calculation showed that probability for distinct in gifted group was very good(95.0%). On the basis of upper result, tools for identification gifted students should be estimated as using many-sided estimation data whatever possible. And following study about development, and operation of tools for distinction suitable to gifted student in science should be progressed.