• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 1997

In order to study the dyeability of reactive dyes fixable at neutral pH, three reactive dyes(DYE-NC, DYE-PC, and DYE-LC) were prepared by the reaction of Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A with nicotinic acid, pyridine, and lutidine, respectively. FT-IR and UV/Vis spectrophometry were used to identify the dyes prepared. While the maximum absorption wavelength (&{\lambda}_{max}&) of Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A was 515nm, the &{\lambda}_{max}& of DYE-NC, DYE-PC, and DYE-LC were 522nm, 525nm, and 536nm, respectively. The &{\lambda}_{max}& was shifted to the longer wavelength by introducing the electron donating groups to the pyridine ring of Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A. All of the reactive dyes synthesized showed good exhaustion and fixation property to cotton fabric at higher temperature and neutral pH condition. It was regarded that the quaternary pyridinium ion functionated as the leaving group instead of the chloride ion. Among them, DYE-NC showed the best dyeability at the above condition. It was considered that the electron withdrawing carboxylic acid group in nicotinic acid enhanced the cationic property of nitrogn in pyridine ring, resulting the good reactivity with OH group in cellulose.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.1585-1591
• /
• 2022

Objective: The present study examined the effects of exogenous emulsifiers and multi-enzyme supplementation into a low energy density diet on growth performance, visceral organ parameters, blood metabolites, ileal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens from hatch to 21 days. Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized design to 24 pens and each pen was assigned to one of four dietary treatments to give six replications with seven chickens in a cage. Dietary treatments were: i) positive control with standard energy level (PC); ii) negative control with 100 kcal/kg lower energy of the standard level (NC); iii) NC diet supplemented 0.05% calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate as an emulsifier (NC+E); and iv) NC diet supplemented with both 0.05% calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate and 0.05% multi-enzyme (NC+E+M). Corn and soybean meal-based control diets containing vegetable oil were formulated to meet the Ross 308 nutrition specification. Chickens were fed ad-libitum with the treatment diets and sampling was conducted on day 21. Results: Our results revealed that emulsifier and multi-enzyme supplementation into NC diets improved (p<0.05) feed efficiency of the broiler chickens compared to the broiler chickens fed NC diets from hatch to 21 days. Supplementation of emulsifier and multi-enzyme into NC diet improved (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility of the broiler chickens. However, emulsifier and multi-enzyme supplementation into diet did not influence (p>0.05) visceral organ weight, blood metabolites, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed NC diets. Conclusion: Supplementation of emulsifier and multi-enzyme in the NC diet would support improving growth performance in young broiler chickens with improved feed efficiency and increased nutrient digestibility thereby curtailing the negative impact of energy reduction in the diets.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.698-706
• /
• 2005

Finish machining of a curved surface is often carried out by an NC system with curve interpolation in the field. This NURBS interpolation adopts a feedrate optimizing strategy based on both the geometrical information and dynamic properties. In case of a finish cut using a ball-end mill, the curve interpolator needs to take the machining process into account for more improved surface, while reducing the polishing time. In this study, the effect of low machinability at the bottom of a tool on surface roughness is also considered. A particular curve interpolation algorithm is proposed fur generating feedrate commands which are able to control the roughness of a curved surface. The simulation of the machined surface by the proposed algorithm was carried out, and experimental results are presented.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.1226-1233
• /
• 2003

Finish machining of a curved surface is often carried out by an NC system with curve interpolation in the field. This NURBS interpolation adopts a feedrate optimizing strategy based on both the geometrical information and dynamic properties. In case of a finish cut using a ball-end mill, the curve interpolator needs to take the machining process into account for more improved surface, while reducing the polishing time. In this study, the effect of low machinability at the bottom of a tool on surface roughness is also considered. A particular curve interpolation algorithm is proposed for generating feedrate commands which are able to control the roughness of a curved surface. The simulation of the machined surface by the proposed algorithm was carried out, and experimental results are presented.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1907-1910
• /
• 2003

Miniaturized machine tool can be used to produce 3D features based on CNC and PC-NC technology in the micro/meso scale. Wide applications of CNC technology are developed and there are lots of know-hows in the cutting process and their CNC application. It helps micro/meso scale structure to machine components, which can be used directly for practical applications. In the present research, as the machine tool is miniaturized, the manufacturing machine tools costs less when compared to the equipment used in other micromachining technologies. Moreover, with advancement of micro tool technology, the cutting process can be used to produce micro/meso scale parts. In conclusion, the proposed system can reduce the cost by utilizing the current machining technology, and as a result, complex micro/meso parts can be produced efficiently with high productivity.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2003

Finish machining of a curved surface is often carried out by an NC system with curve interpolation in the field. This NURBS interpolation adopts a feedrate optimizing strategy based on both the geometrical information and dynamic properties. In case of a finish cut using a ball-end mill. the curve interpolator needs to take the machining process into account for more improved surface, while reducing the polishing time. In this study, the effect of low machinability at the bottom of a tool on surface roughness is also considered. A particular curve interpolation algorithm is proposed for generating feedrate commands which are able to control the roughness of a curved surface. The simulation of the machined surface by the proposed algorithm was carried out, and experimental results are presented.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1991년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 1991

가장 대표적인 공작기계인 선반은 가공물에대한 바이트의 이송운동에따라 여러가지 종류의 가공물을 효과적으로 절삭할 수 있기 때문에 절삭 가공에 널리사용된다. 특히, 기계요소로 많이 사용되는 회전체의 절삭에 필요하므로 가장 먼저자동화가 요구되는 분야이다. 그러므로, 보다 효율적인 자동절삭의 목표를 달성하기위한 기초작업으로서 현재의 연구가 수행되었다. 본 연구에서 PC 사용을 전제로 소수의 입력 정보로부터 자동으로 최적의 가공계획 수립을 위한 프로그램의 개발을 목표로 먼저 준비단계로 임의의 외경절삭용 자동 가공계획 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 작업자의 자료입력을 최소화 했으며 이 입력자료를 토대로 자동으로 절삭공구의 가공경로 및 절삭에 필요한 자료를 생성하고 가공 전과정을 컴퓨터 그래픽으로 처리하여 사용자의 이해 를 돕도록 하였다. 이러한 기능은 컴퓨터 기억장치를 통하여 저장하고 그장된 자료를 NC code화 하거나 직접 PC로 부터 NC 기계를 구동하면 가공에 관하여 극히 초보자인 경우도 실제 가공을 수 행할 수 있다. 참고로 본 프로그램은 개인용 컴퓨터에서 사용을 전제로 프로그램언어는 Fortran, 그래픽 Library로 Halo를 이용하였고사용자의 이해를 보다 높이기 위하여 EGA Color Monitor를 채택하였다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 2002

One of the major limitations of productivity and quality in metal cutting is the machining accuracy of machine tools. The machining accuracy is affected by geometric errors, thermally-induced errors, and the deterioration of the machine tools. Geometric and thermal errors of machine tools should be measured and compensated to manufacture high quality products. In metal cutting, the machining accuracy is more affected by thermal errors than by geometric errors. In this study, the compensation device and temperature-based algorithm have been implemented on the machining center in order to compensate thermal error of machine tools under the real-time. The thermal errors are predicted using the neural network and multi-regression modeling methods. In order to compensate thermal characteristics under several operating conditions, experiments performed with five gap sensors and manufactured compensation device on the horizontal machining center.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study is to develop a CAD/CAM system for automatic creation and manufacturing of three dimension objects. The computer system used in this study made RAM 2M, CPU 80386, VGA graphic card. The results in this paper are as follows ; 1. By interconnect PC(personal computer) and NC(numerical control) milling machine with RS232C connector, we was constructed with CAD/CAM system. 2. The developed algorithm in this study is able to be design of three dimension object on the computer CRT and manufacturing of NC milling machine. 3. Because of design and modifying on the PC of objects, we can be saving time, cost and improvable precision of objects. 4. Essentially, we expect industrial accident to reduse according as we takes advantage of CAD/CAM system.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.256-261
• /
• 1992

Acquisition of 3D points is an essential process for modelling of physical 3D objects. Although Coordinate Measuring Machine(CMM) is most accurate for this purpose, it is very time consuming. To enhance the data aquisition speed for scuptured surfaces, active vision with reflecctometric method was used for our system. A fter the data acquisition, the system automatically generates cutting tool path for the 3-axis milling of the object. The fullyintegrated system from the data acquisition to the NC-code generation was implemented with IBN-PC/386 and necessary hardwears.