• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2014

본 연구는 20세 이상 여성들의 Pap 도말검사를 통한 자궁암 검진 수용도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하기 위해 시도하였다. 이를 위해 2013년 4월 22일부터 5월 24일까지 건강검진센터에 내원한 검진자들 192명을 대상으로 설문 및 면접조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 종교가 없는 집단에서 비검진 수용군이 45.8%로 검진 수용군의 32.3%보다 유의하게 높은 분포를 보였다($X^2=4.82$, p<.05). 둘째, 모유수유를 하는 집단의 비검진 수용군이 61.5%로 검진 수용군의 46.9%보다 유의하게 높은 분포를 하였다($X^2=0.61$, p<.05). 셋째, 타검진력은 검진을 하는 군이 검진을 하지 않는 수용군보다 4.62배 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(95% Cl=1.15-9.84, P=0.006). 본 연구결과를 토대로 자궁암 Pap 도말검사 수용도에 일반인들의 부정적인 태도를 변화시킬 수 있는 더 많은 자궁암 검진 정보를 제공하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2021

본 연구는 우리나라의 초등학교, 중학교, 그리고 고등학교에서 수행되고 있는 학생건강체력평가시스템(PAPS)의 문제점을 분석하고 개선방안 마련을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 자료는 심층면담, 관련논문, 그리고 인터넷 보도자료 등을 토대로 확보했다. 본 연구의 연구 참여자는 현직 체육교사 5명과 PAPS를 직접 경험했던 5명의 대학생들이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, PAPS의 교육환경에서 발생하는 문제점은 학생들의 무관심, 교사들의 소극적인 지도, 그리고 PAPS 측정일로 대체되는 체육시간 감소 등이다. 둘째, PAPS의 측정환경에서 발생하는 문제점은 측정장비에 의한 오차, 측정장소에 따른 편차, 그리고 측정 종목에 따른 등급의 차이 등으로 나타났다. 셋째, PAPS의 측정과정에서 발생하는 문제점은 측정인원의 부족, 편법에 의한 체력측정, 그리고 상이한 측정방법 등이다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하고 PAPS를 성공적으로 적용시키기 위해서는 첫째, 교사들은 학생들에게 PAPS에 대한 관심과 흥미를 고취시켜야 한다. 둘째, PAPS의 측정결과 값에 대한 신뢰성을 확보해야 한다. 셋째, PAPS의 측정을 위한 학교교육시스템의 제도적 보완이 필요하다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2008

연구목적: 3년마다 정기적인 자궁경부암 조기검진을 받도록 권고하고 있는 수검권고안은 검진행동 유발요인으로써 자궁경부암 검진참여의 가능성을 증진시키는 주요 영향요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구는 보건의료 접근성과 보건의료인의 특성이 자궁경부암 조기검진 수검권고에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 시도되었다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서 재분석된 한인여성 건강조사자료는 미국 캘리포니아주 알라메다와 산타클라라 카운티에 거주하는 한인여성 865명을 대상으로 2002년에 전화설문조사로 수행되었다. 수검권고안에 영향을 미치는 주요 예측인자를 살펴보기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과: 조사대상자 중 37.9%만이 지난 3년간 자궁경부암 조기검진 참여에 관한 수검권고를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 수검권고의 주요 예측인자는 건강보험 가입여부, 지난 1년간의 의사방문횟수, 정기적으로 방문하는 보건의료인의 특성인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 보건의료 접근성에서는 공공의료보험 또는 사보험 여부와 관계없이 건강보험에 가입한 여성들이 수검권고를 더 많이 받은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 보건의료인의 특성 중 인종과의 관련성을 살펴보면, 한인이 아닌 타 인종의 여성 의사로부터 가장 많이 검진참여에 관한 수검권고를 받았고(OR=6.21, 95% CI=2.63, 14.66), 다음으로 한인 남성 의사(OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.30, 3.68), 비한인 남성 의사로부터 수검권고를많이 받았다(OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.15, 3.71). 결론: 캘리포니아주의 2개 카운티에서 거주하는 한인여성을 대상으로 보건의료 접근성과 보건의료인의 특성이 자궁경부암 조기검진 수검권고에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 한인여성들의 건강보험 가입여부 및 의사방문 수준, 보건의료인의 인종이 수검권고와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 한인여성들의 자궁경부암 조기검진 수검률 향상 및 자궁경부암 이환률과 사망률을 감소시키기 위한 수행전략 개발에 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

Background : Osteoporosis and atrophic cell pattern in Pap smear are frequent findings In postmenopausal women due to loss of ovarian function, The present study attempted to find out possible correlation between morphologic characteristics of Pap smear and osteoporosis. Material & methods: The subjects were 825 women(age from 35 to 80) who had undergone Pap smear and bone mineral density(BMD) at The Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul Branch, from March 8 to May 10, 2005. Pap smears from 825 women were reviewed and classified either mature cell pattern or atrophic cell pattern by their cytologic patterns, BMD were measured using LUNAR DPX MdIQ(Minster, Ohio, USA). BMD value of lumbar spine(Ll, L2,L3 and L4) were measured from 825 women and BMD value of proximal region off emur(neck NK, Wards triangle WT, and trochanter TR) were measured from 818 women and their bone status were classified as normal( T-sore:>-1.0), osteopenia (T-score: -l~<-2,5) and osteoporosis(T-score: ≤ -2.5). And age distribution of Pap smear, average T-value andfrequency ofsteoporo-sis of each region of the bone, percentage of osteoporosis of each boneregion by age group and changing pattern of percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis in certain postmenopausal period were compared between mature and atrophic cell pattern. Results: Pap smears revealed total mature cell pattern 53,9%(445/825) and total atrophic cell pattern 46.1%(380/825), Percentage of mature cell pattern decreased from 98.2%(168/171)under 44 age group to 13,3%(17/128) over 65 age group and mature cell pattern increased from 1.8%(3/171) under 44 age group to 86.7%(111/128) oyer 65 age group. Mean T-value of each region of lumbar spine and femur of mature cell pattern were lower than that of atrophic cell pattern about -1,5. And osteoporosis has noted in atrophic cell pattern showing odds ratio Ll 13.9, L2 15.3, L3 12.0, L4 10,4, UK 6.7, WT 10.9 and TR 4.1.Atrophic cell pattern started to increase after 45 years of age and osteoporosis of a trophic cell pattern started after 55 years of age. During 50 to 64 years of age period, L3, L4 and WT revealed parallel increased of osteopenia and osteoporosis and Ll, L2 revealed decreased of osteopenia and increased of osteoporosis. nia Conclusion: Above findings suggest that atrophic cell pattern of Pap smear precedes osteoporosis about 10 years and one of predictor of osteoporosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1157-1162
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is known as one of the most prevalent types of cancers and a major public health problem in developing countries which can be detected by Pap test, prevented, and treated. Despite the effective role of Pap test in decreasing the incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer, it is still one the most common causes of cancer-related deaths among women, especially in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of educational interventions implemented by health volunteers based on protection motivation theory (PMT) on promoting Pap test use among women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 health volunteers and 420 women. The study participants were divided into an intervention and a control group. Data were collected using a valid self-reported questionnaire including demographic variables and PMT constructs which was completed by both groups before and 2 months after the intervention. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 19 and were analyzed using Chi-square test, independent T-test, and descriptive statistical methods. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The findings of this study showed that the mean scores of PMT constructs (i.e. perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, fear, response-costs, self-efficacy, and intention) increased in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding response efficacy after the intervention (P=0.06). The rate of Pap test use also increased by about 62.9% among the study women. Conclusions: This study showed a significant positive relationship between PMT-based training and Pap test use. The results also revealed the successful contribution of health volunteers to training cervical cancer screening. Thus, training interventions based on PMT are suggested to be designed and implemented and health volunteers are recommended to be employed for educational purposes and promoting the community's, especially women's, health.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1014-1021
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• 1997

수세미외 그물 섬유를 크라프트법, 알카리 아황산법, 아황산법, 알카리 과산화 수소법과 소오다법으로 펄프화하고, 안트라퀴논의 첨가와 미첨가 조건으로 구분하여 증해하였다. 이들의 고해와 미고해분에 대하여 주사 전자현미경(SEM), 섬유 품질 분석기(FQA), 섬유길이 분류기(Clark 4-Screen Classifier), 화상 분석기(Image Analyzer)를 이용하여 특성과 섬유의 구조를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 수세미의 섬유의 증해후 해섬 가능 기준의 Pulping 조건은 KP계($160^{\circ}C$, 2시간), ASP계($155^{\circ}C$, 4시간), PAP계($160^{\circ}C$, 1시간)에서 Kappa값이 각각 12, 25, 10 수준으로 비교적 낮은 Total Alkali(약 20%) 조건에서 적정 증해가 가능했다. 2) 각 펄프화별 펄프의 총 증해수율은 KP 50~55, ASP계 60~70, PAP계 45~50%로 SP계의 수율은 매우 높고, KP나 PAP는 일반 비목재나 목재와 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 3)NaOH의 투입량의 증가는 해섬능을 촉진하고, 섬유길이, Curl, Kink Index 등에서 품질의 형태 변화를 보였다. 4) 수세미외 섬유의 펄프화 공정에서 AQ첨가는 탈리그닌 촉진으로 해섬능이 현격하게 향상되고 섬유의 산화 분해를 방지하며, 고해 속도 상승과 피브릴화를 촉진하였다. 5) ASP계는 KP나 PAP보다 Bulk density가 높고, 섬유간 결합이 치밀하고, 섬유의 세포 손상이 감소되었다. 6) 수세미외 섬유는 "C" Stain에 의한 정색 반응으로 청색 또는 청회색의 맑고 투명한 세포벽을 갖는 정색 특성을 나타냈다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a small, heat-stable redox protein acting as a multi-functional glutathione (GSH)-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase. We have cloned the monothiol Grx5 gene from the genomic DNA of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. It has 1,904 bp, with one intron, and encodes a putative protein of 146 amino acids with a molecular mass of 16.5 kDa. Recombinant Grx5 produced functional Grx in S. pombe cells. NO-generating sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and potassium chloride (KCl, 0.2 and 0.5 M) increased the synthesis of ${\beta}$-galactosidase from a Grx5-lacZ fusion gene, and transcription of Grx5 was also enhanced by SNP and KCl. Synthesis of ${\beta}$-galactosidase from the Grx5-lacZ fusion was lower in Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells than in wild type KP1 cells, and when Pap1 was overproduced in KP1 cells, the level of ${\beta}$-galactosidase increased. We also found that Pap1 is involved in the induction of Grx5 by SNP and KCl. S. pombe Grx5 may play a crucial role in responses to nitrosative and osmotic stresses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2411-2414
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• 2016

Purpose: To determine the incidence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3) among patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and eighty-seven patients with ASC-US Pap smears who underwent colposcopy with histological study were enrolled between September 2007 and August 2015. Patient factors (including age, parity, current pills used, HIV status, age at first sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners) were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate clinical factors associated with CIN2-3. Results: CIN was diagnosed in 92 of 187 women (49.2%). Sixty-one of these (32.6%) had CIN1 and 31 (16.6%) had CIN2-3. There was no woman who had invasive cancer. There was no correlation of high-grade CIN with factors in this study including age, parity, current pills used, HIV status, age at first sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners. Conclusions: Data from this study showed no invasive cervical cancer was found in patients with ASC-US. There was no patient factor associated with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with ASC-US Pap smears.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.816-827
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• 1988

Since 1978, We have experienced 87 cases of Fontan operations and the candidates of that increased in numbers recently with the improvement of the diagnostic and operative technique. We studied the prerequisite factors and hemodynamics of 22 cases of Fontan operations, done during the last one year period, which were 3 tricuspid atresia, 16 functional single ventricle and 3 anatomic single ventricle. The mean age was 68 months and the mortality rate 24%, and 9 patients of under 4 years of age were operated with 22.2% mortality rate, but the youngest, 16 months of age, patient survived well without problems. The preoperative pulmonary artery pressure[PAP], pulmonary vascular resistance[PVR] and postoperative right atrial pressure[RAP], left atrial pressure[LAP] value influenced the mortality, but age, preoperative Hb, preoperative PaO2 and pulmonary artery index[PAI] did not. There were favorable survival tendency in under 15mmHg of preop. PAP, 2a of preop. PVR and under 25cmHyO of postop. RAP, under 15cmHyO of postop LAP. The younger, the more pleural effusion and the longer postoperative admission days. The higher preop. Hb related to the higher postop. transpulmonary pressure gradient and the lower preop. PaO2 and PAI. The higher preop. PaO2, the less pleural effusion and postop. admission days. Preop. PAP closely related to preop. PVR and postop. LAP and high PVR increased the pleural effusion and postop. admission days. The larger PAI, the larger CI. We concluded that there were so many factors influencing the postoperative condition, but preop. PAP, PVR, Hb, postop. RAP and LAP were the most ones.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2003

The incidence of cervical cancer has been gradually decreased since 1990, now it ranks the fourth most common carcinoma among Korean women in 2001. If squamous cell carcinomas in situ are included, the cervical cancer is still the most frequent tumor in Korean women. However, cervical cancer mortality in Korea has been decreased over the last 10 years in large part attributable to the introduction of the Papanicolaou test (Pap. test). The guidelines for the early detection of cervical cancer recommend women aged 30 and more to lake biennial screening with Pap. lest. According to the screening data of National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), 4,425 women (0.94%) showed an abnormal Pap among 473,395 cases tested in 2001; dysplasia was in 3,953 (0.84%) women, in situ carcinoma in 357 (0.075%) women, and invasive carcinoma in 115 (0.024%) women. The detection rates of abnormal Pap. were 4.21% in Korean Society for Cytopathology(KSC-2001), 1.37% (ASCUS : 0.26%, AGUS : 0.03%, LSIL : 0.45%, HSIL : 0.55%, Carcinoma 0.09%) in health check-up and 5.41% (ASCUS : 1.89%, AGUS . : 0.69%, LSIL : 1.39%, HSIL : 0.84%, Carcinoma : 0.64%) of patients in out-patient clinic without having history of cervical neoplasia at Hanyang University Hospital in 2002 Low rate of cervical cancer screening (34%) in Korea is mainly due to the lack of information for the Row income people regarding national cancer screening program. More adenuate budget by government and more man-power for precise screening, new guideline and system for management of the cervical cancer patients are required.