• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집(제1권)
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• pp.269-274
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• 2006

최근 파나마 운하 확장이 국민투표로 결정됨에 따라 2014년부터는 12,000TEU급의 선박의 통행이 가능해진다. 파나마운하의 규모적 한계 때문에 포스트 파나막스급이상의 선박들은 파나마 운하대신 아메리칸 랜드브릿지 및 다른 운송루트를 이용해야 했다. 그러나 파나마 운하확장이 확정됨에 따라 향후 극동-북미 간 운송루트의 변화가 불가피할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 극동-북미 간을 운행하는 선박의 규모별 루트별 총운송비용을 분석하여 두 구간의 경쟁력을 검토한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2007

최근 파나마 운하 확장이 국민투표로 결정됨에 따라 2014년부터는 12,000TEU급의 선박의 통행이 가능해진다. 파나마운하의 규모적 한계 때문에 포스트 파나막스급이상의 선박들은 파나마 운하대신 아메리칸 랜드브릿지 및 다른 운송루트를 이용해야 했다. 그러나 파나마 운하 확장이 확정됨에 따라 향후 극동-북미 간 운송루트의 변화가 불가피할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 극동-북미 간을 운행하는 선박의 규모별 루트별 총운송비용을 분석하여 두 구간의 경쟁력을 검토한다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2020

Soil degradation can have an impact on the soil microbiota, but its specific effects on soil fungal communities are poorly understood. In this work, we studied the impact of soil degradation on the richness and diversity of communities of soil fungi, including three different degrees of degradation in Germany and Panama. Soil fungi were isolated monthly using the soil-sprinkling method for 8 months in Germany and 3 months in Panama, and characterized by morphological and molecular data. Soil physico-chemical properties were measured and correlated with the observed values of fungal diversity. We isolated a total of 71 fungal species, 47 from Germany, and 32 from Panama. Soil properties were not associated with fungal richness, diversity, or composition in soils, with the exception of soil compaction in Germany. The geographic location was a strong determinant of the soil fungal species composition although in both countries there was dominance by members of the orders Eurotiales and Hypocreales. In conclusion, the results of this work do not show any evident influence of soil degradation on communities of soil fungi in Germany or Panama.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2019년도 하계 학술발표초록집
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• pp.120-121
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• 2019

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2019

Purpose - This study examines the relationship between public-private partnerships and the performance of ports based on three factors: the quality of the port infrastructure, container throughput, and logistic performance in three Latin American countries, Mexico, Panama, and Brazil, for the period of 1994-2017. Design/methodology - The selected countries are top ranked in terms of container throughput in Latin America. The methodology employs secondary data from the World Bank (Quality of Port Infrastructure, Logistics Performance Index, and Private Participation in infrastructure database). Findings - Overall, the results revealed that the private investment of these countries varies significantly over the past couple decades. Panama, with the least public-private investment over the study period, performs better than Mexico and Brazil with regards to port quality infrastructure and container throughput. For ports in the selected countries to keep up with global competition, there is a need to enhance efficiency. Originality/value - Compared with ports in Asia, Latin American ports are lagging behind with respect to container throughput and efficiency. This study suggests greater collaboration from the private sector, academia, and other organizations, as well as a review of the regulatory framework to ensure better transparency and project allocation. Throwing more light on the public-private investment environment of Mexico, Brazil, and Panama, this study offers policy makers and regulators insightful information on port infrastructure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4236-4243
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• 2022

An industrial nuclear technique based on the use of an X-ray profiler was implemented to estimate the densities or concentrations of sediments present in an Atlantic maritime zone in the areas subjected to dredging under the governance of the Panama Canal Authority (ACP). The sediment profiles show in most areas there is a concentration of between 1.00-1.15 g/cm³ except for one area in particular, the density starts at 1.20 g/cm³ and even reaches values greater than 1.50 g/cm³; therefore, an already consolidated sediment is present, which, depending on the depth found. Values of 1.265 g/cm³, 1.297 g/cm³, 1.185 g/cm³ obtained by ACP previous studies are within the range of 1.20-1.30 g/cm³ measured with the nucleonic gauge. However, it should be noted that during the tests with the X ray profiler, sediment densities values greater than the aforementioned limit were also obtained that varying according at depths close to 12 m and 18 m with values reached up to 1.513 g/cm³ and 1.60 g/cm³, respectively. This demonstrates that sediment accumulation depends on depth. This nucleonic gauge is feasible technique for the study of the sedimentation phenomenon in channel basins and even in other projects nationwide.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.313-316
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• 1997

Thomas'fruit-eating bat, Artibeus watssoni, is known to alter leaves of a wide variety of tropical plants to construct tent roosts. On Barro Colorado Island and Gigante Peninsula in the canal zone, Panama, A. watsoni is found to use the black palm, Astrocaryum standleyanum, as its tent plant. Bats cut the first five to ten pinnae from the proximal side of the terminal blade and chew additional four to nine pinnae without severing their central veins. The distance from the frond rachis to the cut decreases distally leaving an inverted V-shaped cut path. The distal portions of the bifurcated blade are then collapsed and folded to form the'bifid'tent with an inverted boat-shaped cavity underneath. All tents were in fronds of trunkless juvenile plants.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.165-186
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• 2004

Five new species of copepods associated with marine invertebrates are described from shallow water of the Pacific coast of Panama. They are Pseudomacrochiron pocilloporae n. sp., Acontiophorus panamensis n. sp. and Asterocheres urabensis n. sp. associated with the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus), Asterocheres pilosus n. sp. associated with the echinoid Eucidaris thouarsii (Valenciennes), and Asterocheres walteri n. sp. associated with the sea star Oreaster brevispinis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• nspc7호
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• pp.1-90
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• 2009

Twenty-two new species of poecilostome copepods associated with marine invertebrates are described from the West Indies, Madagascar, and Pacific coast of Panama. They are Anthessius nosybensis n. sp. and Discanthessius solitarius n. gen. n. sp. in the Anthessiidae; Cemihyclops tenuis n. sp., Hemicyclops tripartitus n. sp., H. humesi n. sp., H. magnus n. sp., and Leptinogaster minuta n. sp. in the Clausidiidae; Schedomolgus crenulatus n. sp. and S. parvipediger n. sp. in the Anchimolgidae; Kelleria multiovigera n. sp. in the Kelleridae; Lichomolgus angustus n. sp. and L. fusiformis n. sp. in the Lichomolgidae; Pseudanthessius acutus n. sp., P. asper n. sp., and Tubiporicola pediger n. gen. n. sp. in the Pseudanthessiidae; Acanthomolgus tenuispinatus n. sp. and Notoxynus lokobensis n. sp. in the Rhynchomolgidae; Eupolymniphilus occidentalis n. sp. and E. brevicaudatus n. sp. in the Sabellephilidae; Enalcyonium robustum n. sp. and E. grandisetigerum n. sp. in the Lamippidae; and O. binoviger n. sp. in the Myicolidae. Hemicyclops geminus Stock is synonymized with H. columnaris Humes which is now known as a species of amphi-American distribution. Hemicyclops columnaris Humes, Modiolicola trabalis Humes, and Ostrincola breviseti Ho and Kim are redescribed.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2018

Objectives: This research presents the design and development of a software architecture using natural language processing tools and the use of an ontology of knowledge as a knowledge base. Methods: The software extracts, manages and represents the knowledge of a text in natural language. A corpus of more than 200 medical domain documents from the general medicine and palliative care areas was validated, demonstrating relevant knowledge elements for physicians. Results: Indicators for precision, recall and F-measure were applied. An ontology was created called the knowledge elements of the medical domain to manipulate patient information, which can be read or accessed from any other software platform. Conclusions: The developed software architecture extracts the medical knowledge of the clinical histories of patients from two different corpora. The architecture was validated using the metrics of information extraction systems.