• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare the performances of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes in the filtration of the pretreatment waters using coagulants such as PAC and PAHCs, and to investigate the influence of NOM characteristics on the fouling of membranes. As a result, the hydrophobic fraction was more effectively removed by PAHCs, however the transphilic and hydrophilic fraction were more effectively removed by PAC on NOM removal. Raw water showed the highest response in the range of humic substances, and pre-coagulated waters with PAC and PAHCs followed. It was also observed that the fouling effect for a hydrophobic membrane was greater than that of a hydrophilic membrane with a similar pore size, due to fouling caused by adsorption. Foulants causing significant flux decline were alcoholic compounds (polysaccharide-like) and humic substances including aromatic groups. Especially, it appeared that alcoholic compounds such as polysaccharide-like substances which mostly remained after coagulation pretreatment had most influence on fouling. It was found that fouling were influenced by each fraction NOM components depending on coagulants used. And PAHCs was more efficient for membrane fouling than PAC.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2004

The correlation between polymeric aluminum species of coagulant and its coagulation efficiency was investigated using several commercial polymeric Al(III) inorganic coagulants (Poly Aluminum Hydroxy Chloro Sulfate 2020 (PAHCS2020), Poly Aluminum Hydroxy Chloro Sulfate 2500 (PAHCS2500) which was introduced in Korean water treatment plants. The poly aluminum chloride (PAC), Poly Aluminum Hydroxide Chloride Silicate (PACS)) and the aluminum salts ($AlCl_3$, Alum ($Al_2(SO_4)_3$)) were used for the purpose of comparison. The comparison of the coagulation efficiency of each coagulant was made by turbidity removal through the standard jar testing procedure and the determination of the hydrolytic Al(III) species was made by the ferron method which can differentiate the monomeric aluminum species from the polymeric aluminum species. Overall, PAHCS2020 and PAHCS2500 showed the better performance in turbidity removal than the aluminum salts. The performance of coagulation was even better without adjustment of pH during the coagulation experiment. The positive correlation between polymeric aluminum species of coagulant and coagulation efficiency was found.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2006

내분비계 장애물질 중 용해도가 커 환경 중에 오염이 될 가능성이 큰 비스페놀-A(BPA)를 정수과정에서 비용 경제적으로 보다 효율적인 제거 방안을 도출하기 위해 표준정수처리과정 중 응집에 의한 BPA와 유기물에 대한 최적의 제거효율을 연구하였다. H강에서 채수한 상수원수에 BPA를 가하고 응집제로서 PAC와 PAHCS를 사용하여 응집제의 주입량, pH 및 교반정도에 따른 제거효율과 활성탄 흡착 응집에 의한 BPA와 유기물의 제거특성 및 그들의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 PAC 8.7 Al mg/L, PAHCS 6.8 Al mg/L의 적정량 주입시 BPA는 모두 20.4%의 최적의 처리효율을 나타내었으며, BPA의 제거특성은 $UV_{254}$, DOC에 비해 더 낮은 제거율을 보였으나, 비슷한 성향을 나타내었다. PAC에 의한 BPA는 pH 6.5, 교반시간 40분에서, PAHCS에서는 pH 7.0과 교반시간 30분에서 최대의 처리효율을 나타내었으며, $UV_{254}$, DOC와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 응집제만 투입하였을 경우와 분말활성탄을 첨가한 경우를 비교한 결과, 탁도와 $KMnO_4$ 소비량은 활성탄 주입량에 관계없이 처리효율이 일정하였고, BPA와 $UV_{254}$, DOC는 주입량 증가시 처리효율이 증가하였고, 특히, BPA는 5 mg/L의 적은 활성탄 주입량으로도 제거율이 크게 증가하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2013

Integrated process with coagulation and microfiltration as an advanced water treatment has been expanded its application in recent years due to its superb removal of particles and natural organic matter. In usual, effectiveness of coagulation sometimes determines performance of the whole system. Several new polymeric coagulants introduced to water utilities for better efficiency were studied in this paper. Three polymeric coagulants (i.e., PACl, PACs, and PAHCs) along with alum were evaluated for removal of natural organic matter, especially for reduction of trihalomethane formation potential, for which regulation has become stringent. Turbidity removal was closely related to pH variation showing the reduced turbidity removal by PACs due to the decreases in the pH of supernants at high doses. The four coagulants showed different organic matter removal during coagulation and affected the removal in microfiltration. For instance, DOC concentration was not reduced by microfiltration when PAHCs were used however 10 % of DOC removal was observed by microfiltration with alum coagulation. Coagulation pretreatment also impacted the THM removals, i.e., approximately 30 % of THMs and 13 % of DOC was removed by microfiltration only, but 40 to 67 % of THMs and 30 % of DOC was removed by the integrated process. Strategies on selection of coagulants are needed depending on characteristics of target pollutants in raw waters.

• 멤브레인
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2012

본 연구는 Y 정수장의 세라믹 정밀여과막 공정을 위한 최적의 응집 조건을 도출하고자 수행되었다. 쟈테스트 결과 Y댐 원수의 pH를 7로 조정 시 응집효율이 가장 우수하였으며, 원수 탁도가 10 NTU 이하인 평상시 탁도 조건하에서 최적 응집제 주입량은 3 mg/L (as $Al_2O_3$)인 것으로 나타났다. 최적 응집제를 선정하기 위하여 응집제 종류(PAC, PACS (II), PAHCS)별로 미니모듈 실험장치를 이용하여 평가한 결과 PAC를 주입하고 원수 pH를 7로 조정한 경우 비여과유속 감소율이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 원수 탁도를 10~150 NTU로 변화시키며 미니모듈에서 비여과유속 감소율을 평가한 결과 원수탁도 10~30 NTU 조건에서는 응집제 주입량 증가에 따라 비여과유속 감소율이 크게 감소하였으나 원수탁도가 50 NTU 이상에서는 응집제 주입량을 증가시켜도 비여과유속 감소율에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 Y 정수장을 위해서 는 원수탁도 10 NTU 이하에서는 PAC (11% as $Al_2O_3$) 30 mg/L, 10~50 NTU에서는 30~50 mg/L, 50 NTU 이상에서는 50 mg/L이 적절하다.