• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.581-587
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the buffering effect with different COD, $NH_4{^+}-N$ and TP shock loads on the performance of lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR) using synthetic wastewater. This study was operated under the following conditions : HRT, 12 hrs : MLSS, 2,000 mg/L : F/M ratio, $0.2kgCOD/kgMLSS{\cdot}d$ : SRT, 20days, and was increased by a factor, COD : ranging from 200-2000 mg/L, $NH_4{^+}-N$ : ranging from 30-300 mg/L, T-P : ranging from 5-50 mg/L in the reactor. As results, COD removal rate at different shock loads was decreased until 42.1%(stable state : 95%) and concentration with effluent was higher than 695 mg/L(at Run 6). In case of $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal rate was decreased until 35.8% from 97.0% and also T-P removal rate was decreased until 5.0%. Effluent concentrations of COD, $NH_4{^+}-N$ and T-P were rapidly increased according to shock loads and needed 3, 4 and 6 additional cycle times for recovering the stable condition.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 1996

The age-46.5 gene of Escherichia coli is induced by nitrate ion and regulated by Fnr, NarL, and NarP during anaerobic growth. aeg-46.5::lacZ fusion gene shows its maximum expression in narL host after two hours of aerobic to anaerobic switch in M9-Glc-nitrate medium. Fnr and NarP act as positive regulators, and NarL acts as a negative regulator. The control region of the aeg-46.5 was identified and the binding sites of regulator proteins have been predicted (Reznikoff and Choe (1993)). It has two symmetry regions. One is located at -52~-37 bp from the anaerobic mRNA 5'-end, which is the binding site of NarL and NarP. The other is located at +37~+56 bp from the 5'-end of mRNA. In this study, the downstream symmetry region from the mRNA 5'-end was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The destruction of the symmetry region increases the expression level of aeg-46.5. We propose that the symmetry region interferes with the expression of aeg-46.5 possibly by forming a stem-and-loop structure.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1993

Biphenyl Dimethyl dicarboxylate(DDB) has been regarded as a safe, effective drug for decreasing serum aminotransferase levels from elevated serum aminotransferase levels, which cause acute or chronic hepatitis and chronic liver diseases. This study was designed to low dose(22.5mg/day) & short-term therapy effectiveness for 4 weeks of DDB in 30 chronic hepatitis patients with elevated serum aminotransferases. The following results were observed. 1. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels significantly decresed from 173. $97\pm130.62(U/L)$ of pretreatment level to $32.23\pm19.22(U/L)$ after treatment for 4 weeks(p<0.00l) and normalized patients by $73\%$ 2. Serum aspartate (AST) aminotransferase levels significantly decreased from $94.90\pm49.17(U/L)$ of pretreatment level to $45.30\pm23.25(U/L)4 after treatment(p0<0.01). 3. However, no significant effects in the serum AST & ALT changes by which cause hepatitis and hepatitis duration (p>0.05). 4. No significant adverse effects were observed except for mild epigastric discomfort in one patient during DDB treatment It is suggested that DDB small dosage administration can result effectively decreasing serum aminotransferase levels from chronic hepatitis patients with elevated serum aminotransferase levels.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1990

The hematologic values were examined from 74 healthy mixed breed dogs in the area of Seoul. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Mean${\pm}$SD values and ranges of red blood cell(RBC) count were $6.16{\pm}0.92{\times}10^6/{\mu}l$ and $4.40{\sim}8.62{\times}10^6/{\mu}l$, of hemoglobin(Hb) content $14.90{\pm}2.42g/100ml$ and 8.7~19.2g/100ml, of packed cell volume(PCV) $45.47{\pm}6.16ml/100ml$ and 30~57ml/100ml, of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) $74.80{\pm}6.83fl$ and 54.08~90.90fl, of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) $24.41{\pm}3.91pg$ and 14.19~32.97pg, of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) $32.07{\pm}3.24g/100ml$ and 22.23~39.76g/100ml, respectively. 2. The RBC count value in the age group of 3~4 years was higher (p<0.05) than the total RBC count value. The Hb content value in the age group of less than 6 months was lower (p<0.01) but in the age group of 1~2 years and the age group of 3~4 years were higher (p<0.05, p<0.01) than the total Hb content value. The PCV value in the age group of less than 6 months was lower (p<0.05) than the total PCV value. The MCHC values in the age group of 1~2 years and the age group of 3~4 years were higher (p<0.01, p<0.05) than the total MCHC value. 3. Mean${\pm}$SD values and ranges of white blood cell (WBC) count were $11.26{\pm}3.05{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$ and $6.30{\sim}18.4{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$, of band neutrophil $2.97{\pm}1.44%$ and 1~10%, of segmented neutrophil $62.81{\pm}4.92%$ and 42~70, of lymphocyte $30.55{\pm}5.69%$ and 17~50%, of monocyte $2.49{\pm}0.84%$ and 1~5%, of eosinophil $1.81{\pm}1.175$ and 1~8%, respectively. 4. The WBC count value in the age group of 7~12 months was lower (p<0.05) but in the age group of 3~4 years was higher (p<0.05) than the total WBC count value. The band neutrophil values in the age group of 1~2 years and the age group of 3~4 years were higher (p<0.05, p<0.01) than the total band neutrophil value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effect of green-ye1low vegetables on the mutagenicities induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Salmonella assay system and also their inhibitory effect on AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells were studied. Twenty-four items from twenty six kinds of vegetables(92%) revealed antimutagenic activity toward MNNG (p< 0.0l, 0.05). Perilla leaf, Korean cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, mustard leaf, water dropwort, small water dropwort, carrot and burdock inhibited the mutagenicity more than 80%. The methanol extracts of the vegetables also showed the antimutagenic activity toward NDMA (p< 0.01, 0.05). Especially, perilla leaf, kale, soybean sprout and onion inhibited more than 80% of the NDMA induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA100. Small water dropwort and perilla leaf exhibited the strong inhibitory effect (97~100%) on the growth of the AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells. Soybean sprout, water dropwort, broccoli, crown daisy, green red pepper, red pepper leaves, spinach, cabbage and sweet potato also inhibited growth of the cancer cells (p < 0.001~0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.977-982
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate physiological activities in the extract of Eriobotrya japonica in order to elevate its utilization as a functional material. The maximum total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were 28.91$\pm$2.1 mg/g and 10.54$\pm$4.6 mg/g, respectively. The nitrite scavenging abilities at pH 1.2 were in the range of $49.52\pm1.04\sim72.52\pm$0.84% whereas they were $35.28\pm0.78\sim51.20\pm$1.10% at pH 4.2 and $27.90\pm0.36\sim32.26\pm$1.20% at pH 6.0. At the concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 $\mu g$/mL of the hot-water extract, the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells were inhibited 14.58$\pm$0.97%, 43.69$\pm$0.96% and 95.58$\pm$0.75%, respectively. The anti-inflammation activity was the highest as 44.35$\pm$0.63% at a concentration of 400 $\mu g$/mL.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.531-542
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• 2018

Batch sorption experiments were performed to remove the uranium (U) in groundwater by using the bamboo charcoal. For 2 kinds of commercialized bamboo charcoals in Korea, the U removal efficiency at various initial U concentrations in water were investigated and the optimal sorption conditions to apply the bamboo charcoal were determined by the batch experiments with replicate at different pH, temperature, and reaction time conditions. From results of adsorption batch experiments, the U removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal ranged from 70 % to 97 % and the U removal efficiency for the genuine groundwater of which U concentration was 0.14 mg/L was 84 %. The high U removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal maintained in a relatively wide range of temperatures ($10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) and pHs (5 ~ 9), supporting that the usage of the bamboo charcoal is available for U contaminated groundwater without additional treatment process in field. Two typical sorption isotherms were plotted by using the experimental results and the bamboo charcoal for U complied with the Langmuir adsorption property. The maximum adsorption concentration ($q_m:mg/g$) of A type and C type bamboo charcoal in the Langmuir isotherm model were 200.0 mg/g and 16.9 mg/g, respectively. When 2 g of bamboo charcoal was added into 100 mL of U contaminated groundwater (0.04 ~ 10.8 mg/L of initial U concentration), the separation factor ($R_L$) and the surface coverage (${\theta}$) maintained lower than 1, suggesting that the U contaminated groundwater can be cleaned up with a small amount of the bamboo charcoal.

• International Journal of Arrhythmia
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Although an anterior linear ablation is an effective lesion set in radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (L-PeAF), its durability for bidirectional block (BDB) is only about 60% at repeat procedure. We hypothesized that changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) may predict an anterior line block state and the clinical outcome of L-PeAF ablation. Subjects and Methods: We studied 304 L-PeAF patients (77% male, $60{\pm}10yrs$), who consistently underwent RFCA Dallas lesion set (circumferential pulmonary vein isolation, posterior box lesion, and anterior line) protocol with subsequent comparison of pre-procedural and post-procedural P wave axes, and one year follow-up (n=205) sinus rhythm (SR) ECGs. Results: 1. P wave axis shifted inferiorly at immediate post-procedure (p<0.001), and was independently correlated with BDB of anterior line (${\ss}=10.4$, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.79-17.94, p=0.008). 2. The degree of post-procedural inferior shift of P wave axis did not reflect clinical recurrence within one-year (n=205, p=0.923), potentially due to conduction recovery of an anterior line. However, among 160 patients without clinical recurrence within one-year, P wave axis at one-year ECG was independently associated with very late recurrence of AF after one-year (n=160, hazard ratio [HR] 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99, p=0.001), during $45.6{\pm}16.7$ months of follow-up. 3. Among 22 patients who underwent repeat procedures, P wave axis shift was more significant in patients with maintained BDB of an anterior line than in those without (p=0.015). Conclusion: An inferior shift of P wave axis reflects the achievement and the maintenance of an anterior line BDB, and is associated with better long-term clinical outcome after catheter ablation for L-PeAF based on Dallas lesion set.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

A biological anoxic-aerobic reactor filled with porous media was operated in lab scale for the advanced wastewater treatment. The experiments were conducted for 6 months with three HRTs (4, 6, 8hr) and temperature of $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Some other experimental conditions were as follows; nitrification reactor (MLSS 4,500mg/L, DO 3.3mg/L, $23{\sim}28^{\circ}C$), denitrification reactor(MLSS 8,000mg/L, ORP -100mV, Temp.$19{\sim}23^{\circ}C$). Average removal efficiencies of SS, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Cr}$, T-N, and T-P were 97.8%, 95.5%, 94.5%, 80.2%, and 60.6%, respectively. The reactor filled with porosity media showed stable removal capacity for organics and nutrients. Fast and complete nitrification and denitrification were accomplished. Maintaining high MLSS with porous media in the nitrification and denitrification reactor appears to enhance the nitrogen removal process. For the higher T-P removal, some coagulant addition process will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The commercial biopesticides containing Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extracts which have been registered as one of the ingredients of the commercial biopesticide by the organic agriculture materials, and have been widely used in Republic of Korea. However, the quantitative analysis method of the active substances for the commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract has not been conducted.METHODS AND RESULTS: To analyze the quantitative analysis of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene as active substances of C. ambrosioides L. extract, hydrophilic lipophilic balance cartridge was used for solid phase extraction. The active substances were analyzed by the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The limit of quantitation values of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene were 10, 5, and 2 mg/L, and the recovery rates were 96.3, 84.0, and 82.5% in liquid products and 98.3, 99.1, and 97.3% in solid products, respectively. The total content of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene in the commercial biopesticides was ranged from 0.08 to 12.75%.CONCLUSION: From these results, this method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of the active substances of commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract.