• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.82-92
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• 2021

Purpose: It has been reported that the diversity and abundance of microbes in the vagina decrease due to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the high recurrence rate of female vaginitis due to this suggests that a new treatment is needed. Methods: In the experiment, we detected that 10% potassium sorbate solution, 1% eucalyptus oil solution, 1% tea tree oil solution, 400 µL/10 mL grapefruit seed extract solution, 100% lactic acid, 10% acetic acid solution, and 10% lactic acid solution were prepared and used. After adjusting the pH to 4, 5, and 6 with lactic acid and acetic acid in the mixed culture medium, each bacterium was inoculated into the medium and incubated for 72 h at 35℃. Incubate and 0 h each. 24 h. 48 h. The number of bacteria was measured after 72 h. Results: In the mixed culture test between lactic acid bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria showed good results at pH 5-5.5. Potassium sorbate, which has varying antibacterial activity based on the pH, killed pathogenic bacteria and allowed lactic acid bacteria to survive at pH 5.5. Conclusion: The formulation ratio obtained through this study could be used for the development of a feminine cleanser that can be used as a substitute for antibacterial agents. Further, the findings of this study may be able to solve the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the future.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.260-265
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro potential of methanolic seed extract of Abelmoschus esculentus as a natural antioxidant. The DPPH activity of the Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (10, 20, 40, 80, and $160{\mu}g/mL$) was increased in a dose dependent manner, which was found in the range of 18.97-90.47% as compared to ascorbic acid 26.44-93.71%. The $IC_{50}$ values of Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EAES) and ascorbicacid in DPPH radical scavenging assay were obtained to be 28.12 and $18.43{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Measurement of polyphenol content of the EAES of A. esculentus seed was achieved using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent containing 53.80 mg/g of total phenolic content, which was found signicantly higher when compared to reference standard gallic acid. Similarly total flavonoids and proabthocyanidis of EAES and chloroform soluble fraction (CAES) were found significantly 147 mg/g and 14.24 mg/g respectively when both compared to reference standard quercetin. EAES exhibited high significant lipid peroxidation inhibition effects in a dose-dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ values of $38.08{\mu}g/mL$, whereas, standard quercetin, with $IC_{50}$ value of $36.67{\mu}g/mL$. All extract/fractions showed dose dependent reducing power ability and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that A. esculentus seed has a signicant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 1984

Kochujangs (red pepper pastes) were mashed with the variation of seed content in the red pepper powder, i.e. none (plot A), 10%(B), 20%(C), 40 %(D) and 50%(E), and chemical compositions and qualities of the products were analysed and compared. Contents of amino nitrogen, reducing sugar and ethanol were high in the plot A and B, whereas lower levels were detected in the plot C, D and E. Differences in the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fiber and sodium chloride were not significant among the plots, however, the plot D and E showed higher crude oil contents and pH as compared with the others. The plot B and A showed higher acidic protease and saccharogenic amylase activity as compared with the others. Taste, flavor and color were evaluated for the products which aged for 3 months, and better results were obtained in the plot A and B than in D and E. Especially the products of D and E were inferior in color.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.687-694
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• 1996

Myrosinase was purified from Korean mustard seed(Brassica juncea) by a sequential process of DEAE-cellulose, concanavalin A-sepharose, and Superose 6 chromatography. The molecular weight of puri-fied myrosinase(II-2) determined by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis was 67KD. About a 248-fold purification for myrosinase II-2 was obtained after Superose 6 chromatography. Optimum pH of the myrosinase was 7.0 and optimum temperature of the enzyme was $3^{\circ}C.$ The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0, and below $30^{\circ}C.$ Cu, Hg and Fe ion significantly inhibited the enzyme activity, but ascorbic acid enhanced, resulting in a maximum activity by 1mM ascorbic acid. Among tile ascorbic acid ana-logues, dehydroascorbic acid inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas others showed a little effect. Reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol inhibited the enzyme activity, but the reducing agents with ascorbic acid was enhanced enzyme activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 1996

The study was carried out to investigate a new type of functional foods with hypotensive effect which is critical in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and related circulatory diseases. The experimental diets(A, B, C) were prepared from plant based ingredients such as buckwheat, potato, perilla seed with different ratios formulated as an edible form appropriate for human consumption according to AIN-77 standard. Control group(D) was fed commercial rat chow. Twety-four 15-week-old SDR(Sprague Dawley rats) and twenty-four 20-week-old SHR(spontaneously hypertensive rats), weighing 200g respectively, were assigned to 4 treatments of 6 rats each in a completely randomized design. Blood pressure was measured at 7 day interval by tail-cuff sphygmomanometer using an IITC cuff pump and amplifier. The growth rates of both SHR and SDR were not statistically different in comparions with the control except those of diet B and C in SDR and SHR, respectively(p<0.05). When exprimental diets were fed, systolic blood pressure of SDR and SHR at day 28 had been lowered by 17-20 mmHg(ave. of 19.6mmHg for both strains) compared with the reference pressure at day 0. The levels of HDL-cholesterol were increased, while the levels of LDL-cholesterol consistently decreased in both strains when experimental diets were fed(p<.05). Plasma total cholesterol levels were not different among treatments. Plasma triglyceride levels were higher in control diet(commercial rat chow) due to two times higher fat content of control diet itself(p<.05). Atherogenic indices were lower compared to those of control when the experimental diets were fed in both strains (p,.05). The results suggest that the antihypertensive diets mainly consisting of plant-based ingredients may possibly effective in relieving hypertension as well as circulatory diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

A phosphate recovery system from artificial wastewater was developed using a completely mixed phosphorus crystallization reactor, in which powdered converter slag was used as a seeding crystal. In preliminary test, the optimal pH range for meta-stable hydroxyapatite crystallization for high phosphorus concentration was observed to be 6.0 to 7.0, which was different from the conventionally known pH range (8.0~9.5) for effective crystallization in relatively low phosphorus concentration less than 5 mg/L. The average phosphorus removal efficiency in a lab-scaled completely mixed crystallization system for artificial wastewater with about 100 mg/L of average $PO_4-P$ concentration was shown to be 60.9% for 40 days of lapsed time. XRD analysis exhibited that crystalline of hydroxyapatite formed on the surface of seed crystal, which was also observed in SEM analysis. In EDS mapping analysis, composition mole ratio (=Ca/P) of the crystalline was found to be 1.78, indicating the crystalline on the surface of seed crystal is likely to be hydroxyapatite. Particle size distribution analysis showed that average size of seed crystal increased from $28{\mu}m$ up to $50{\mu}m$, suggesting that phosphorus recycling from wastewater with high phosphorus concentration can be successfully obtained by using the phosphorus crystallization recovery system.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2020

The phenolic contents in soybean seeds are affected by genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, 24 black soybeans and a control variety were grown in Korea and grouped as small (<13 g), medium (13 - 24.0 g), and large (>24 g) based on their seed weight. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities were analyzed and compared with their seed weight. The TPC was in the ranges 2.016 - 5.535, 1.992 - 4.679, and 1.829 - 4.621 mg GAE/g in small, medium, and large seeds with an average of 3.824, 3.108, and 3.626 mg GAE/g, respectively. The FRAP and DPPH activities were in the ranges 4.327 - 6.394 and 0.354 - 0.403 mg AAE/g in small seeds, 2.510 - 6.147 and 0.356 - 0.417 mg AAE/g in medium seeds, and 3.024 - 6.389 and 0.344 - 0.405 mg AAE/g in large seeds, respectively. Besides, ABTS activity was in the ranges 4.833 - 4.967, 3.636 - 4.871, and 4.554 - 4.956 mg TE/g in small, medium, and large seeds, respectively. Small seeds had the highest average FRAP (5.498 mg AAE/g) and ABTS (4.902 mg TE/g) activities while large seeds showed the highest average DPPH (0.387 mg AAE/g) activity although the variations were not significant (p > 0.05). TPC showed positive correlation with every antioxidant activity. However, the TPC correlation was significant (p < 0.05) only with DPPH (r = 0.673). Overall, small seeds presented a relatively high TPC and maximum antioxidant activities. Hence, black soybeans with small seeds could be important sources of high phenolic concentration and provide improved health benefits.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the physicochemical properties of sludge compost and to identify the effects water-extracts from sludge compost in 2, 6, 8, 12 weeks of decomposing process on seed germination and root elongation in cabbage, lettuce, soybean and barley plants was investigated. The content of total nitrogen in sludge compost increased slightly in 6 weeks decomposing process, and then decreased gradually. Organic matter content decreased continuously overall decomposing process. As decomposition was processing, pH of sludge compost decreased slightly, and EC increase within 6 weeks decomposing process, and then decreased. The content of nitrogen in water-extracts from sludge compost increased within 8 weeks decomposing process and decreased in 12 weeks decomposing process. The content of ammonium nitrogen was similar with that of total nitrogen, and the ratio of ammonium and nitrate increased within 8 weeks, and then decreased. Cation content and EC decreased the late of decomposing process and pH didn't change. The water-extracts from sludge compost during decomposing process inhibited seed germination and root elongation in cabbage (Brassica campestris), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and soybean (Glycine max). The inhibition of root elongation in cabbage was greater than that of relative seed germination, whereas relative seed germination in lettuce was more inhibit than root elongation. Relative seed germination and root elongation in soybean were inhibited slightly, but those of in barley was inhibited strongly. In this study, we would identify the effects of water-extracts from sludge compost on seed germination and root elongation was different to the species of seed. The inhibition of seed germination and root elongation treated with the water-extracts which extracted from sludge compost in the early stage of decomposing process was greater than that of in the late stage of decomposing process.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.416-424
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• 2023

Replacing synthetic additives to preserve food products with natural antimicrobial compounds needs to be considered due to public health. In the present study, the phenolic extract from mango seed kernel (MSK) with the total phenolic content (TPC) value of 5300 ± 380 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L was used for evaluating the antimicrobial properties against five types of bacterial strains, including Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium in vitro. This extract was also used for in situ method on the storage of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fish fillets. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for all tested strains were determined at an average concentration of 1325 mg GAE/L. Furthermore, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium were seen at 5300 mg GAE/L, while the extract did not show eliminations in the growth of the remaining strains. The bacterial inhibition speed of the extract illustrated that the concentration equal MIC value eliminated S. typhimurium growth after 24 h, the 4 times MIC value had remarkable effects on S. aureus growth after the 9 h of incubation, and 24 h of incubation for E. coli, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa. Additionally, the MSK extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa on fish fillets in 4 days of storage. These results provide important evidence for the utilization of MSK as a natural source of antimicrobial agents in food products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1997

Priming has been used to establish a better standing in practice as controling the seed moisture content after sowing. The experiment was done to measure the effect of priming (material ; concentration ; period) and light quality (red ; white ; dark) after sowing on seed germination and radicle elongation of Campanulaceae (Platycodon grandiflorum ; Codonopsis lanceolata ; C. pilosula) to give an information on their earlier standing establishment. The germination test was carried out with 12 hours irradiation for 9 days after priming treatment. In the darkness, the mean germination rate of all the species was decreased in the order to P. grandiflorum, C. pilosula, C. lanceolata. Their germination and radicle elongation became more inclined when primed with $Ca(CO_3)_2$ or with 50 to 150mM than with $KNO_3$ or no priming although there was no difference between priming periods. Under irradiation during their seed germination, however, the former order was changed to P. grandiflorum, C. lanceolata, C. pilosula because light quality treatment given after priming reduced the rate of C. pilosula but enhanced that of C. lanceolata. Although light quality forced after priming did not affect the mean germination rate of P. grandiflorum, it increased earlier or alltime germination of C. lanceolata or C. pilosula, respectively. White light after priming repressed germinations of C. lanceolata and C. pilosulai but increased earlier germinatin of P. grandiflorum, meaning that seed germination and radicle elongation of Campanulaceae could be determined by light quality treated after priming.