• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권51호
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• pp.325.1-325.10
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• 2018

Background: To evaluate survival outcomes and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received sunitinib (SU) and pazopanib (PZ) as first-line therapy in real-world Korean clinical practice. Methods: Data of 554 patients with mRCC who received SU or PZ at eight institutions between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the targeted therapy, the patients were divided into SU (n = 293) or PZ (n = 261) groups, and the clinicopathological variables and survival rates of the two groups were compared. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the prognostic factors for OS. Results: The median follow-up was 16.4 months (interquartile range, 8.3-31.3). Patients in the PZ group were older, and no significant difference was observed in the performance status (PS) between the two groups. In the SU group, the dose reduction rate was higher and the incidence of grade 3 toxicity was more frequent. The objective response rates were comparable between the two groups (SU, 32.1% vs. PZ, 36.4%). OS did not differ significantly between the two groups (SU, 36.5 months vs. PZ, 40.2 months; log-rank, P = 0.955). Body mass index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS > 2, synchronous metastasis, poor Heng risk criteria, and liver and bone metastases were associated with a shorter OS. Conclusion: Our real-world data of Korean patients with mRCC suggested that SU and PZ had similar efficacies as first-line therapy for mRCC. However, PZ was better tolerated than SU in Korean patients.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

Ginseng has been used as a key constituent in traditional medicine prescriptions for centuries. Other than its well-known anti-stress and adaptogenic properties, ginseng has also been shown to be very effective in treating age-related deterioration in metabolic and memory functions. Although it is generally believed that the saponin (GS) fraction of the ginseng root accounts for the bioactivity of ginseng, a direct demonstration on which ginsenoside does what is still generally lacking. In the past decade, our laboratory has endeavored to identify the active GS components involved in energy metabolism, memory, and anti-neurotoxicity. To examine the ergogenic effects of GS in enhancing aerobic capacity, rats were subjected to either severe cold ($40^{\circ}C$ under helium-oxygen, two hours) or exercise workload $(70\%\;VO_{2}max,$ to exhaustion). Acute systemic injection (i.p.) of ginseng GS (5-20 mg/kg) significantly elevated both the total and maximum heat production in rats and improved their cold tolerance. However, pretreating the animal with the optimal dose (10 mg/kg) of GS devoid of $Rg_1\;and\;Rb_1$ failed to elicit any beneficial effects in improving cold tolerance. This indicates that either $Rb_1\;and/or\;Rg_1$ may be essential in exemplifying the thermogenic effect of GS. Further studies showed that only pretreating the animals with $Rb_1(2.5-5\;mg/kg),\;but\;not\;Rg_l,$ resulted in an increase in thermogenesis and cold tolerance. In contrast to the acute effect of GS on cold tolerance, enhancement of exercise performance in rats was only observed after chronic treatment (4 days). Further, we were able to demonstrate that both $Rb_1\;and\;Rg_1$ are effective in enhancing aerobic endurance by exercise. To illustrate the beneficial effects of GS in learning and memory, a passive avoidance paradigm (shock prod) was used. Our results indicated that the scopolamineinduced amnesia can be significantly reversed by chronically treating (4 days) the rats with either $Rb_1\;or\;Rg_1$ (1.25 - 2.5 mg/kg). To further examine its underlying mechanisms, the effects of various GS on ${\beta}-amyloid-modulated$ acetylcholine (ACh) release from the hippocampal slices were examined. It was found that inclusion of $Rb_1$ (0.1 ${\mu}M$), but not $Rg_1$, can attenuate ${\beta}-amyloid-suppressed$ ACh release from the hippocampal slices. Our results demonstrated that $Rb_1\;and\;Rg_1$ are the key components involved in various beneficial effects of GS but they may elicit their effects through different mechanisms.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system used with automated breast ultrasonography (ABUS) for suspicious lesions detected on breast MRI, and CAD-false lesions. Materials and Methods: We included a total of 40 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent ABUS (ACUSON S2000) to evaluate multiple suspicious lesions found on MRI. We used CAD ($QVCAD^{TM}$) in all the ABUS examinations. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CAD and analyzed the characteristics of CAD-detected lesions and the factors underlying false-positive and false-negative cases. We also analyzed false-positive lesions with CAD on ABUS. Results: Of a total of 122 suspicious lesions detected on MRI in 40 patients, we excluded 51 daughter nodules near the main breast cancer within the same quadrant and included 71 lesions. We also analyzed 23 false-positive lesions using CAD with ABUS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CAD (for 94 lesions) with ABUS were 75.5%, 44.4%, 59.7%, and 62.5%, respectively. CAD facilitated the detection of 81.4% (35/43) of the invasive ductal cancer and 84.9% (28/33) of the invasive ductal cancer that showed a mass (excluding non-mass). CAD also revealed 90.3% (28/31) of the invasive ductal cancers measuring larger than 1 cm (excluding non-mass and those less than 1 cm). The mean sizes of the true-positive versus false-negative mass lesions were $2.08{\pm}0.85cm$ versus $1.6{\pm}1.28cm$ (P < 0.05). False-positive lesions included sclerosing adenosis and usual ductal hyperplasia. In a total of 23 false cases of CAD, the most common (18/23) cause was marginal or subareolar shadowing, followed by three simple cysts, a hematoma, and a skin wart. Conclusion: CAD with ABUS showed promising sensitivity for the detection of invasive ductal cancer showing masses larger than 1 cm on MRI.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2018

건강 지향적인 사회 추세의 영향으로 건강 기능 식품의 관심과 개발이 증가되고 있다. 계피는 기능적 특성으로 인해 한약뿐만 아니라 식품 성분으로도 사용되고 있어서 본 연구에서는 추출용매와 추출방법을 달리하여 육계피 추출액의 향기 성분과 항산화활성도를 조사하였다. 육계피 추출물의 향기 성분인 coumarin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol의 함량을 조사하였다. 에탄올 70%의 추출물에서 courmarin, cinnamic acid 그리고 cinnamylaldehyde의 함량은 증류수를 이용한 열수추출물과 아임계추출물에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 증류수를 이용한 아임계추출물의 courmarin, cinnamic acid, 그리고 cinnamaldehyde 함량은 열수추출물보다 높게 나타났지만, cinnamyl alcohol은 반대로 낮게 나타났다. DPPH 분석을 통한 항산화활성도 측정에서 DPPH scavenging activity는 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였고, 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화활성도가 가장 크게 나타났다. FRAP 분석을 통한 항산화활성도 측정에서 70% 에탄올 추출물의 ascorbic acid 함량이 가장 크게 나타났고, 열수추출물과 아임계추출물은 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05).

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2020

이 연구는 신경인성 방광 쥐 모델에서 줄기세포에 의해 발현된 뇌유래신경영양인자가 하부요로 증상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 48마리의 Sprague-Dawley 쥐를 정상군, 하부요로증상군, 하부요로증상+imMSC군 및 하부요로증상+BDNF-eMSC군으로 무작위 선정하였다. 하부요로증상모델은 골반신경절 손상에 의해 유도되었으며 방광 기능평가는 마취 하에 실시하였고, 수축성 검사 및 웨스턴 블롯 분석을 위해 방광 조직을 절제하였다. 뇌유래신경영양인자 발현 중간엽줄기세포 치료가 하부요로증상에 미치는 영향도 평가되었으며 뇌유래신경영양인자 발현 중간엽줄기세포는 방광 조직의 섬유화를 억제하였고 Caspase-3 발현을 감소시켰다. 결론적으로, 뇌유래신경영양인자 발현 중간엽줄기세포는 하부요로증상 쥐 모델에서 세포 사멸의 억제와 함께 방광의 기능 및 수축성의 회복을 가져왔다.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

목적: 본 연구는 서울 시민대상자 594명의 혈액형, 오장 질환, 오미 상태, 환경 및 계절의 변화, 만성질환 대상자의 분포와 이들의 오색의 선호도와의 관련성을 조사하여 분석하였다. 방법: 전통중국의학의 체질검사 설문지를 사용하였고, 일반적 오색(빨강, 파랑, 노랑, 흰색, 검정) 검사지를 이용하였다. 결과: 대상자들의 혈액형분포는 A(38.9%), O, B, AB, 기타이었다. 흡연자(75.6%)와 비흡연자, 비음주자(25.6%)와 음주자의 비율이었으며, 파랑색의 선호도가 높았다. 음주량 별로 선호색이 다양했으며, 유의성이 없었다. 오장질환자 의 비율은 위장(45.3%), 간폐, 장, 심장이었다. 오미는 매운맛(48.8%), 단맛, 신맛, 짠맛, 쓴맛 순이었다. 모두 파랑색 선호도가 높았다. 신장(8.3%)은 적색 그리고 쓴맛은 노랑색을 선호하였다. 심신의 변화는 '심신의 변화가 크지 않다(35.7%)'가 높았다. 오색의 선호도는 다양하였다. 환경변화의 선호는 '추운 곳(32.7%)'을 높게 선호하였고, '건조한 곳'은 낮았다. 선호도가 높은 계절은 '가을(38.6%), 다음이 여름, 장마철이 낮았으며, 파랑색을 선호하였다. '정상인'이 89.9% 그리고 '고혈압'은 5.7%이었다. 정상인은 파랑색(91.8%), 고·저혈압자는 노랑색 선호가 높았으나 유의성이 없었다. '당뇨'는 2.5% 이었고 파랑색 및 빨강색을 선호하다. 모든 항목에서 검정색은 제일 낮았다. 결론: 서울 시민대상자 594명의 건강과 신체적인 이상 유무 등의 설문에서 각 항목별로 다양한 분포를 나타냈고, 오색선호도에서는 거의가 파랑색을 제일 선호하였고, 검정색이 낮았다. 건강 설문지와 오색의 선호도는 관련성은 높지는 않았으나 본 연구결과는 이 분야의 연구에 기초자료가 된다고 판단한다.

• 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2022

Purpose: The traditional ethical study only suggests a blurred insight on the research using medical big data, especially in this rapid-changing and demanding environment which is called "4th Industry Revolution." Current institutional/ethical issues in big data research need to approach with the thoughtful insight of past ethical study reflecting the understanding of present conditions of this study. This study aims to examine the ethical issues that are emerging in recent health care big data research. So, this study aims to survey the public perceptions on of health care big data as part of the process of public discourse and the acceptance of the utility and provision of big data research as a subject of health care information. In addition, the emerging ethical challenges and how to comply with ethical principles in accordance with principles of the Belmont report will be discussed. Methods: Survey was conducted from June 3th August to 6th September 2020. The online survey was conducted through voluntary participation through Internet users. A total of 319 people who completed the survey (±5.49%P [95% confidence level] were analyzed. Results: In the area of the public's perspective, the survey showed that the medical information is useful for new medical development, but it is also necessary to obtain consents from subjects in order to use that medical information for various research purposes. In addition, many people were more concerned about the possibility of re-identifying personal information in medical big data. Therefore, they mentioned the necessity of transparency and privacy protection in the use of medical information. Conclusion: Big data on medical care is a core resource for the development of medicine directly related to human life, and it is necessary to open up medical data in order to realize the public good. But the ethical principles should not be overlooked. The right to self-determination must be guaranteed by means of clear, diverse consent or withdrawal of subjects, and processed in a lawful, fair and transparent manner in the processing of personal information. In addition, scientific and ethical validity of medical big data research is indispensable. Such ethical healthcare data is the only key that will lead to innovation in the future.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구는 녹내장과 대사증후군, 그리고 구성요소간의 상관성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법: 제 3기(2005), 4기(2007-9), 5기(2010) 국민건강영양조사 자료에서 40세 이상 19,162 명을 대상으로 녹내장과 대사증후군, 그리고 구성요소(복부비만, 공복혈당장애, 높은 혈압, 이상지질혈증) 간의 연관성을 조사하였다. 로지스틱회귀분석을 통하여 인구학적, 생활방식 그리고 사회경제적 요인을 보정한 후 연관성을 평가하였으며, 녹내장의 위험과 대사약물복용간의 연관성을 평가하였다. 결과: 성별 및 연령을 보정한 로지스틱 회귀분석에서, 공복혈당장애(odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval): 1.78 (1.25, 2.53)) 및 대사증후군(1.45 (1.01, 2.08))이 있는 연구대상자가 그렇지 않은 연구대상자에 비해 유의하게 높은 녹내장 교차비를 보였고, 추가적으로 흡연, 음주, 규칙적 운동, 소득, 교육수준을 보정하였을 때 교차비는 더욱 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(공복혈당장애: 1.89 (1.29, 2.77), 대사증후군: 1.52 (1.03, 2.25)). 또한, 연구대상자가 가지고 있는 이상 대사증후군 요소의 수에 따른 녹내장의 유병률 증가는 경계적 유의성(borderline significant: age and sex adjusted p for trend = 0.055)을 보였다. 고혈압 치료제의 사용 역시 녹내장의 위험과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결론: 대사증후군 및 공복혈당장애는 녹내장과 유의한 상관관계가 있었고, 고혈압 치료제 사용 역시 녹내장과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1968

Tissue homogenates of 12 kinds of human cancer tissues were incubated separately in medium containing $C^{14}-1-glucose$ and $C^{14}-6-glucose$ as a substrate in order to observe the oxidative pathway of glucose in the tumor tissues. At the end of 3 hours incubation in the Dubnuff metabolic shaking incubator, respiratory $CO_2$ samples trapped by alkaling which was placed in the center well of incubation flask were analysed for total $CO_2$ production rates and their radioactivities. The tissue homogenate samples after incubation were analyzed for their concentrations of glucose, lactate and pyruvate. Calculations were made on the glucose consumption rate and accumulation rates of lactate and pyruvate. Fractionation of oxidative pathway of glucose was carried out by calculating $C^{14}O_2 yields from C-1 and C-6 carbon of glucose. The following results were obtained. 1. In 12 kinds of human cancer, total $CO_2$ production rates were less than $8{\mu}M/gm$ except 2 cases. These lower values impressed that oxidative metabolism in the tumor tissues generally inhibited as compared with that in normal tissues. On the other hand, fractions of $CO_2$ derived from glucose to total $CO_2$ production rates (RSA) were less than 10% in every case. These facts showed that oxidation of glucose into $CO_2$ was remarkably inhibited in the tumor tissues. 2. Factions of glucose disappeared into $CO_2\;(RGD_{CO_2})$, lactate $(RGD_L)$, pyruvate $(RGD_P)$ to glucose consumption rates were as follows. $RGD_{CO_2}$ were less than 2% in cases of in this experiment and $RGD_L$ showed more than 5% except in 2 cases. These facts showed that anaerobic degradation of glucose into 3 carbon compounds was easily proceeded but further degradation into $CO_2$ via the TCA cycle was greatly inhibited resulting in accumulation of lactate. There are large variation in values of $RGD_P$ in different kinds of tumor tissue but relatively higher values in $RGD_{CO_2}$ were obtained in the tumor tissues as compared with those of normal tissues. 3. The oxidative pathway of glucose in tumor tissues were analyzed from the values of RSA which were obtained in $C^{14}-1\;and\;C^{14}-6-glucose$ incubation experiments. It was found that 3% of $CO_2$ derived from glucose were oxidized via the principal EMP-TCA cycle and the remainder were via alternate pathway such as HMP in the liver cancer and values in other cancer tissues were as follows; 4% in the tongue cancer, 6% in the colon cancer, 6% in the lung cancer, 9% in the stomach cancer, 11% in the ovarian cancer, 12% in the neck tumor, 22% in the uterine cancer, 22% in the bladder tumor, 32% in the spindle cell sarcoma and 65% in the brain tumor. These values except later 2 cases showed less than 30% which is the lowest value among the normal tissues. Even in the brain tumor in which showed highest value in the tumor group. It is reasonable to suppose that this fraction was remarkably decreased because values in normal brain tissue was more than 90%. From the above data, it was concluded that in tumor tissues, oxidation of glucose via TCA cycle was greatly inhibited but correlation between degree of inhibited oxidation of glucose via TCA cycle and malignancy of tumor were not clarified in this experiments.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2009

목 적: 초기 유방암에서 유방 보존 수술과 방사선치료 후 실패양상과 생존율 및 미용효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원에서 유방보존수술과 방사선치료를 받은 초기 유방암환자 154명을 대상으로 하였다. TNM 병기는 1기 90명, IIa기 50명, IIb기 11명이었다. 모든 환자는 유방의 부분절제술과 동측 액와림프절 곽청술을 시행하고 방사선치료를 하였다. 유방의 방사선치료는 동측 전체 유방에 6 MV 광자선으로 50~54 Gy를 5주에서 6주간에 조사하였고 원발병소에 추가 방사선은 전자선으로 10~16 Gy를 조사하였다. 항암화학요법은 75명에서 방사선치료 전후에 시행하였고 호르몬치료는 92명에서 Tamoxifen을 사용하였다. 추적관찰기간은 13개월에서 179개월로 중앙값이 92.5개월이었다. 결 과: 전체환자의 5년, 10년 생존율은 97.3%, 94.5%이었다. 5년, 10년 무병생존율은 92.5%, 88.9%이었고 구제 치료후 5년, 10년 무병생존율은 93.9%, 90.2%이었다. 다변량 분석상 수술 후 방사선치료까지의 기간이($\leq$6 weeks vs. >6 weeks, p=0.017) 무병생존율에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 예후 인자였다. 주된 실패양상은 원격전이였고 다발성으로 치료 후 중앙값 55.5개월에 전이를 하였다. 원격전이의 호발부위는 폐였다. 미용결과는 80.7%에서 좋음에서 매우 좋음으로 나타났다. 결 론: 초기 유방암에서 유방보존수술과 방사선치료는 우수한 생존율과 미용결과를 보인다고 생각된다. 또한 유방 보존수술 후 방사선치료는 가능한 한 빨리, 6주 이내에 시행되는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.