• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1973

The purpose of this studies is to improve the cohesion of raw silk through various analyses on cocoon drying, cooking, reeling, re-reeling, and on the properties of water. Also we investigated the correlation between silk testing items which we have reached to the following results. 1. Drying of cocoon When cocoons were slowly dried with 100$^{\circ}C$, the results of cohesion became much better. On the other hand, the results were considerably decreased in case the temperature with 115$^{\circ}C$. 2. Cooking of cocoon In case of the cooking of cocoon, we found that the result of cohesion was best with incomplete cooking, that of the control was next, while in over cooking, the results were very low. Also the results of cohesion were much better when using the method of over cooking with sericin arrestive agent than that of incomplete cooking with sericin agglutinating agent. 3. Reeling of cocoon A) When the temperature of reeling bath was 25-45$^{\circ}C$, the results of cohesion test were much better, but at the temperature below 25$^{\circ}C$ or above 45$^{\circ}C$, the results became worse. B) With out the process of croissieur, the results of cohesion were too bad, but in case of croissieur more than 1cm, cohesion became better rapidly. Further more, we understood that the results of cohesion were improving slightly with longer length of croissieur. C) When the velocity of reeling was increased, the results of cohesion also improved. The best results were shown when reeling velocity was 180-220 r.p.m. But when the velocity was increased more than 220 r.p.m., the results of cohesion got worse more or less. D) When the temperature of the drying pipe in reeling machine was raised, the results of cohesion also showed a tendency to improve. 4. Re-reeling A) We could net reach a conclusion as to have correlation between the number of dipping repeat in vacuum tank and the results of cohesion before re-reeling process. B) When we used Seracol 500 as an agglutination protective agent with l/1000 to l/2000 of water, the results of cohesion test were better. C) When we used Pearl-lite as an agglutination protective agent with 1/1000 to 1/2000 of water, the results of cohesion were considerably better. D) We gained tile best results when used Cohesion Improving Chemical, A-80, with 500-1500 times diluted. 1) Results of cohesion was improved when humidity was low or temperature was high in the rereeling machine. 5. Filature water A) The water pH near the isoelectric point of protein showed the best cohesion, but the farther water pH, the worser results were obtained. B) With the increasing of M-alkalinity in filature water, the results of cohesion were worse. Above all, we understood the tendency of the results of cohesion get worse when the M-alkalinity is increased above 200 ppm. C) By increasing the total hardness of the filature water, it improved the results of cohesion. Especially, when the total hardness was above 300ppm, the results were extremely high. 6. Effects combination of each results A) The result of effects combination in filature processes with the obtained best conditions was distinctively improved. But the results could not reach in mathematicaly double effect. When reelied under worse conditions, the results of cohesion test were too bad. There was "effect limit" for the promotion. B) Generally the results of cohesion were bad when the filature conditions(the temperature, pressure and the properties of water, etc) are processed as sericin loss to be high. On the other hand, the results were very good when lower sericin loss was controlled in filature conditions. C) When filature conditions such as reeling velocity and croissieur length provide pysical cohesion ability and when raw silk dry fast during reeling and re-reeling, we found the result of cohesion was better. 7. Correlation of silk testing items. A) A negative correlation exists between the results of cohesion test and cleanness defect. Another word, the result of cohesion test was found to be worse as cleanness defect increased. B) In cleanness, cohesion has negative correlation against the number of slugs, but we could not find any correlation against long loops, loose ends. C) Cohesion has negative correlation against average neatness and low neatness defect. The better the results of neatness respectively, the better the results of cohesion found. D) There is no correlation between tenacity and the results of cohesion test, but there was high positive correlation between the results of elongation and those of cohesion test. The more elongation, the better the results of cohesion was found.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.507-516
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• 2016

본 연구는 지속적인 염도 관리의 교육효과를 살펴보기 위하여 강동구 어린이급식관리지원센터에 등록된 21인 이상의 어린이집에서 제공되는 국물음식의 염도를 모니터링 하였으며, 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 모니터링을 실시한 시설은 1차 102개소, 2차 76개소, 3차 78개소이며, 맑은 장국, 된장국, 곰국, 찌개, 기타로 구분한 국물음식의 평균 염도는 1차(0.45%), 2차(0.41%), 3차(0.39%)로 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.01). 2. 어린이집 유형에 따른 염도는 국공립어린이집의 경우, 1차 0.43%, 2차 0.35%, 3차 0.38%로 유의적인 감소를 나타내지는 않았으나, 민간어린이집은 1차 0.46%, 2차 0.43%, 3차 0.39%로 모니터링을 진행할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.01). 3. 집단급식소 등록 여부에 따라 급식 인원 50인 이상의 대규모 급식소와 50인 미만의 소규모 급식소의 염도를 비교한 결과, 대규모 급식소의 국물음식의 평균 염도가 낮았으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 모두 1차에 비해 3차의 평균 염도가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 4. 3차에 걸친 모니터링 시 어린이집에서 제공한 국물음식의 횟수는 총 256회였으며, 이 중 맑은 장국이 139회로 가장 많이 제공되었고, 된장국이 76회, 기타(들깻국, 수제비 등) 24회, 찌개 9회, 곰국 8회 순서로 나타났다. 5. 국물음식의 종류별 염도는 곰국을 제외하고는 맑은 장국, 된장국, 찌개 모두 1차에서 3차로 진행될수록 염도가 감소하였으나, 국의 종류 및 모니터링 차수에 따른 염도의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 그러나 동일한 국물음식 간에도 염도의 차이가 매우 커서 개별 국물음식의 최소치와 최대치의 차이는 1차의 경우 달걀국이 0.62%, 2차는 감잣국이 0.54%, 3차는 양송이국이 0.64%를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과, 지속적인 염도 모니터링 진행을 통해 어린이집 국물음식의 염도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타나, 센터에서 진행하는 교육의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 영유아 급식시설에서의 국물음식의 염도 기준은 명확하게 제시되어 있지 않으나, 식품의약품안전처에서는 성인의 경우 0.6% 이하, 영유아 급식시설에서는 이보다 더 낮은 0.5% 이하로 관리하도록 권고하고 있다. 그러나 적정 염도는 음식의 종류에 따라 다르므로 영유아를 위한 주요 나트륨 급원 메뉴의 적정 염도범위를 설정할 필요가 있다. 또한 본 연구에서 3차에 걸쳐 조사된 국물음식의 전체 염도 평균치는 모두 0.5% 미만으로 적절한 범위에서 관리하고 있었으나, 개별 국물음식의 염도는 매우 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 영유아는 미각이 형성되는 시기이며, 염도는 음식에 대한 기호에 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 국물음식의 염도는 일정한 범위 내에서 관리되는 것이 바람직하며, 추후 최고 염도뿐만 아니라, 음식의 맛과 건강을 함께 고려하는 최저 염도에 대한 논의도 함께 이루어져야 할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1500-1508
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• 2013

Ebosin, a novel exopolysaccharide produced by Streptomyces sp. 139, has obvious antirheumatic arthritis activity in vivo, and its biosynthesis gene cluster (ste), consisting of 27 open reading frames, has been identified. This paper reports our study of the gene functionality of ste8, the predicted protein product of which is homologous to some bacterial chain length determinant Wzz proteins. For characterization of Ste8, ste8 was cloned and expressed in the mutant strain E. coli 086:H2 (${\Delta}wzz$). The functional complementation of wzz by ste8 was demonstrated by the restoration of wild-type lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and increased levels of serum resistance of E. coli 086:H2 (${\Delta}wzz$) (pET30a-ste8). To examine the function of ste8 in ebosin biosynthesis, the gene was knocked out with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The molecular weight of the ebosin derivative EPS-8m produced by the mutant Streptomyces sp. 139 ($ste8^-$) was much lower than that of ebosin, and the binding activity of EPS-8m for IL-1R decreased significantly compared with ebosin. These results demonstrate that ste8 encodes a chain length determinant (Wzz) that functions in ebosin biosynthesis.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.140-140
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• 2017

Nutritious and functional foods from crop have received great attention in recent years. Colored-grain wheat contains high phenolic compound and a large number of flavonoid. The anthocyanin and polyphenolic synthesis and accumulation is generally stimulated in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we analyzed genome wide transcripts in seedling of colored-grain wheat response to ABA and PEG treatment. About 900 and 1500 transcripts (p-value < 0.05) from ABA and PEG treatment were aligned to IWGSC1+popseq DB which is composed of over 110,000 transcripts including 100,934 coding genes. NR protein sequences of Poaceae from NCBI and protein sequence of transcription factors originated from 83 species in plant transcription factor database v3.0 were used for annotation of putative transcripts. Gene ontology analysis were conducted and KEGG mapping was performed to show expression pattern of biosynthesis genes related in flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavons and anthocyanin biopathway. DroughtDB (http://pgsb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/droughtdb/) was used for detection of DEGs to explain that physiological and molecular drought avoidance by drought tolerance mechanisms. Drought response pathway, such as ABA signaling, water and ion channels, detoxification signaling, enzymes of osmolyte biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, signal transduction, and transcription factors related DEGs were selected to explain response mechanism under water deficit condition. Anthocyanin, phenol compound, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were measured and antioxidant activity enzyme assays were conducted to show biochemical adaptation under water deficit condition. Several MYB and bHLH transcription factors were up-regulated in both ABA and PEG treated condition, which means highly expressed MYB and bHLH transcription factors enhanced the expression of genes related in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids, such as anthocyanin and dihydroflavonols in colored wheat seedlings. Subsequently, the accumulation of total anthocyanin and phenol contents were observed in colored wheat seedlings, and antioxidant capacity was promoted by upregulation of genes involved in maintaining redox state and activation of antioxidant scavengers, such as CAT, APX, POD, and SOD in colored wheat seedlings under water deficit condition. This work may provide valuable and basic information for further investigation of the molecular responses of colored-grain wheat to water deficit stress and for further gene-based studies.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2009

Pure titanium and its alloys are drastically used in implant materials due to their excellent mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. However, the widely used Ti-6Al-4V is found to release toxic ions (Al and V) into the body, leading to undesirable long-term effects. Ti-6Al-4V has much higher elastic modulus than cortical bone. Therefore, titanium alloys with low elastic modulus have been developed as biomaterials to minimize stress shielding. For this reason, Ti-30Ta-xZr alloy systems have been studied in this study. The Ti-30Ta containing Zr(5, 10 and 15 wt%) were 10 times melted to improve chemical homogeneity by using a vacuum furnace and then homogenized for 24 hrs at $1000^{\circ}C$. The specimens were cut and polished for corrosion test and Ti coating and then coated with TiN, respectively, by using DC magnetron sputtering method. The analyses of coated surface were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM). The electrochemical characteristics were examined using potentiodynamic (- 1500 mV~+ 2000 mV) and AC impedance spectroscopy(100 kHz~10 mHz) in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The equiaxed structure was changed to needle-like structure with increasing Zr content. The surface defects and structures were covered with TiN/Ti coated layer. From the polarization behavior in 0.9% NaCl solution, The corrosion current density of Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys decreased as Zr content increased, whereas, the corrosion potential of Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys increased as Zr content increased. The corrosion resistance of TiN/Ti-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys were higher than that of the TiN-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys. From the AC impedance in 0.9% NaCl solution, polarization resistance($R_p$) value of TiN/Ti coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys showed higher than that of TiN-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.341-359
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• 1999

1. 연구 목적 양생(養生)을 중시하는 사상의학(四象醫學)에 있어서 체질식이요법은 체질진단, 약물치료에 못지 않게 중요하다. 하지만 체질별 식이요법의 중요성에도 불구하고 학자들간에 체질음식에 대한 이견(異見)으로 인하여 혼란이 있어왔던 것도 사실이다. 따라서 식품 각각에 대한 역사적 유래, 특성, 효능에 대한 문헌고찰을 통하여 사상체질 식이요법의 이론적 배경을 제시할 필요성이 제기된다. 고려 때 상추쌈 문화를 원(元)나라에 전파시켰던 우리 나라에서 상추는 꼭 필요한 야채 중의 하나로 채소의 대장이라 할 수 있다. 상추는 백거, 와거, 고거 등으로 표기되었는데, 사실상 같은 식물이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 고거는 고채(苦菜)의 이명(異名)으로도 사용되었기 때문에 용어의 혼란이 있어왔다. 또한 고채(苦菜)가 어느 식물을 지칭하는 지에 대하여서도 논란의 소지가 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 상추와 고채(苦菜)를 같이 고찰하였다. 2. 연구 방법 본초서(本草書) 뿐만 아니라 농서(農書), 유서(類書), 개인문집 등을 비교 분석하였다. 3. 연구 결과 (1) 인조(仁祖) 11년(1633) "향약집성방(鄕藥集成方)"이 중간(重刊)되면서 백거의 두주(頭註)로 붙여진 사나부노(斜羅夫老)는 와거(부로)일 가능성도 있으나, 곡곡채(曲曲菜)인 사데풀(S brachyotus A.P. DC.)을 지칭하는 것으로 보아야 한다. 따라서 백거의 향명(鄕名)으로 사나부노(斜羅夫老)가 쓰여진 것은 오류일 가능성이 높다. (2) 상추는 생채(生菜)에서 나온 단어로 '자부두(紫夫豆) ${\rightarrow}$ 부루, 부로, 부로(阜蘆) ${\rightarrow}$생채(生菜)(상채, 상취, 상춰, 상치) ${\rightarrow}$ 상치 ${\rightarrow}$상추'의 과정을 거쳐 오늘날의 상추가 되었다. (3) 상추가 고려국(高麗國)에서 중국으로 갔다는 것은 괘를 고(高)로 잘못 쓰는 바람에 나타난 오류이다. (4) 한성(寒性)이 있는 상추를 금(金)기운으로 보았기 때문에 적상추보다 백상추가 좋으며 가을에 먹으면 좋다고 본 것이다. (5) 상추가 도입된 이후 고거를 주로 설명하였지만 1500년대 말(末) 이후 우리 나라에서는 와거 만을, 중국에서는 백거와 와거를 각각 설명하는 경향을 보인다. 또한 "동의보감(東醫寶鑑)"의 와거는 이전(以前) 의서(醫書)에 나오는 백거의 효능설명과 일치하고 있다. (6) 상추는 소양인의 갈 흉격열증(胸膈熱症)에 응용될 수 있는 식품이다. (7) 시골집 장독대 옆에 상추밭을 조성하는 까닭은 염분이 필요한 뱀의 접근을 막고자 한 것으로 매우 합리적이다. (8) 무더운 여름에 상추파종시 저온처리를 통하여 휴면타파가 가능하다. 이는 한성(寒性)이 있는 상추에 인위적으로 서늘한 기운을 주는 것으로 해석된다. (9) 의서(醫書)와 농서(農書)에서는 고채(苦菜)를 고들빼기, 유서(類書)에서는 씀바귀로 번역하고 있으며. "본초강목(本草綱目)"의 고채(苦菜)의 효능은 "증류본초(證類本草)"의 고거와 고채(苦菜)를 합하여 설명하고 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1993

플라즈마 아크 용해에 의해 0.31-1.14at%Hf과 0.08-1.00at%C의 조성을 갖는 Mo시편을 제조하여, 열처리에 따른 미세조직 변화를 광학현미경, AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy)및 투과전자현미경(TEM)으로 조사하였다. 산소함량이 약 830ppm인 초기분말을 압분체로 성형하여 용해한 결과, 산소함량 약 40-130ppm의 시편으로 제조할 수 있었으며, 이때 Hf및 C의 첨가량이 증가할수록 시편의 결정립은 미세화되었다. Mo-1.14at% Hf-1.00at % C 조성의 시편을 열처리한 결과 130$0^{\circ}C$에서 결정립내의 편상의 ${\beta}$-Mo 탄화물(molybdenum carbide)이 열역학적으로 더욱 안정한 $\alpha$-Mo 탄화물로 변태되기 시작하고, 1400-150$0^{\circ}C$온도 구간에서는 급내에 의해 고용되어 있던 Hf과 C이 반응하여 미량의 Hf탄화물이 석출되었으며, 150$0^{\circ}C$에서는 결정립계에 Hf 탄화물이 편석되었다. 1500-170$0^{\circ}C$에서는 결정립계에 편석된 Hf탄화물이 분해되고 열역학적으로 더욱 안정한 Hf 산화물(Hafnium oxide)이 석출되었으며, 결정립내에도 미세한 Hf 산화물이 석출되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.474-487
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• 2009

The principal objectives of this study were to evaluate the space, equipment, and institution rate by functional area, and to suggest appropriate types, numbers, and equipment capacity by school foodservice size for optimal employee job performance and efficiency. Data were collected and administered by 263 dietitians who attended elementary and middle schools in Gyeonggi Province, and the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Among a total of 72 respondents who provided usable data, 31 (48.6%) respondents were nutrition teachers and 37 (51.4%) were part-time dietitians. The majority of the respondents reported that their foodservices were self-operating types (94.4%), and 8 meals out of 10 meals provided over a 2-week period were served as normal meals, defined as meals consisting of Bab, Kook, Kimchi, and 3 side dishes (73.6%). The mean kitchen space was $186.25\;m^2$ for 500 meals/day, $269.7\;m^2$ for 501 to 1,000 meals/day, $249.1\;m^2$ for 1001 to 1500 meals/day, and $274.87\;m^2$ for 1,500 or more meals/day. The mean space of functional areas was $11.52\;m^2$ for office, $12.63\;m^2$ for storeroom, $9.55\;m^2$ for receiving area, $27.23\;m^2$ for pre-preparation area, $149.9\;m^2$ for cooking area, $18.33\;m^2$ for assembly/service area, $45.50\;m^2$ for dishwashing area, and $17.20\;m^2$ for locker room. Only two pre-preparation and cooking spaces increased significantly with increasing size of school foodservice (p<0.05). Office, cooking area, and locker room were allocated in all foodservices. However, the pre-preparation area (68.7%), receiving area (56.5%), assembly/service area (38.1%), and dishwashing area (37.7%) were lowly installed in the surveyed facilities. Through a focus group meeting discussing the results of this study, appropriate equipment and its dimensions were suggested according to functional areas and foodservice scales. Future studies will be necessary to allocate the appropriate space by functional area with the proposed equipment requirements for optimally efficient decision making in equipment purchasing.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.84-84
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• 2003

DNA methylation is involved in epigenetic processes such as X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting and silencing of transposons. DNA methylation is a highly plastic and critical component of mammalian development The DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are responsible for the generation of genomic methylation patterns, which lead to transcriptional silencing. The maintenance DNA methyltransferase enzyme, Dnmt 1, and the de novo methyltransferase, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, are indispensable for development because mice homozygous for the targeted disruption of any of these genes are not viable. The occurrence of DNA methylation is not random, and it can result in gene silencing The mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. It is well established that DNA methylation and histone deacetylation operate along a common mechanistic pathway to repress transcription through the action of methyl-binding domain proteins (MBDs), which are components of, or recruit, histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes to methylated DNA. As a basis for future studies on the role of the DNA-methyl-transferase in porcine development, we have isolated and characterized a partial cDNA coding for the porcine Dnmt1. Total RNA of testis, lung and ovary was isolated with TRlzol according to the manufacture's specifications. 5 ug of total RNA was reverse transcribed with Super Script II in the presence of porcine Dnmt 1 specific primers. Standard PCRs were performed in a total volume of 50 ul with cDNA as template. Two DNA fragmenets in different position were produced about 700bp, 1500bp and were cloned into pCR II-TOPO according to the manufacture's specification. Assembly of all sequences resulted in a cDNA from 158bp of 5'to 4861bp of 3'compare with the known human maintenance methyltransferase. Now, we are cloning the unknown Dnmt 1 region by 5'-RACE method and expression of Dnmt 1 in tissues from adult porcine animals.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.643-656
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• 2005

동해는 일본분지, 야마토 분지, 울릉분지 등 큰 3개의 해양분지와 크고 작은 고지대(topographic hihgs) 등으로 구성되어 있고, 주변해(marginal sea) 또는 후배호 분지 (back-arc basin)로 분류되며 태평양판, 필리핀판 등이 주변해 위치하고 있다. 동해의 남서쪽에 위치한 울릉분지는 평균수심 약 1500 미터, 최대수심 약 2500 미터를 보이며, 2000 미터 등 심선을 따라 동해의 일본 분지와 연결되어 있다. 분지 내에서 해저면 경사는 대체적으로 서쪽이 크게 나타나며, 남쪽과 동쪽의 경사는 이에 비하여 상대적으로 작게 나타난다. 지진계(OBS) 자료와 탄성파 자료 등에 의해 밝혀진 울릉분지의 지각 두께는 북쪽으로 그리고, 한국 연안 쪽으로 갈수록 두꺼워지는 경향을 보이며, 퇴적물의 두께는 울릉분지 남서쪽으로 갈수록 점차 두꺼워져 최대 약 12km에 이른다 울릉분지의 지각은 열개된 대륙지각(rifted continental crust), 신장된 대륙지각, 해저확장 초기단계에 형성된 해양지각 등 다양하게 제시되고 있으나 현재까지 구체적 증거는 없다. 수심 및 중력자료에 의하면, 울릉분지의 축은 북서-남동 방향으로 발달하고 있다. 또한, 후리에어-이상의 분포도 수심 자료와 유사하게 북서-남동 방향의 축을 중심으로 대칭성을 보이고 있으며, 퇴적물의 두께 분포 역시 북서쪽에서 남동 방향으로 진행하면서 일반적으로 두꺼워지는 양상을 보이고 있다. 울릉분지가 상대적으로 절은 연령에 해당하는 지각임에도 불구하고, 전체적으로는 후리에어-이상 값이 $-40\~50mGal$ 정도의 낮은 특징을 보이는데 이것은 울릉분지를 구성하는 지각과 퇴적물의 밀도가 일본분지와 야마토 분지를 구성하는 물질에 비하여 상대적으로 낮다는 것을 의미한다.나타났고, 이에 대한 적극적인 대안으로 의사와 간호사를 위한 교육프로그램 개발과 교육이 절실히 필요한데 일시적이고 일회적인 교육보다는 지속적이고 장기적이고 자동적으로 운영되는 체계가 필요하다.후 32.4$\pm$4.4, 32.1$\pm$4.5, 술 후 1일에 33.4$\pm$5.0, 31.7$\pm$5.1였다(repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05). 술 후 출혈량(mL)은 RAP군과 대조군에서 술 후 6시간에 357.2$\pm$ 177.1, 411.7 $\pm$ 279.5, 술 후 24시간에 599.4$\pm$145.6, 678.8 $\pm$256.4였다(t-test, p < 0.05). 동종 수혈은 RAP군에서 34명 중 7명에서(20.6$\%$), 대조군에서는 46명중 16명에서(34.8$\%$) 시행되어, RAP군에서 유의하게 빈도가 낮았다(Chi-square test, p < 0.05). 결론: 역행성 자가 충전법은 심폐바이패스의 충전에 의한 혈액희석을 최소화함으로서, 개심술 후 출혈과 동종수혈을 또한 줄이는 데 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있다고 생각된다.타내지 않았다.성 교사, 가정 전공 교사가 그렇지 않은 교사보다 해석적, 해방적 행동목표를 더 중요하게 인식하고 있었다. 특히 가정교육 철학을 배운 경험이 있는 교사가 그렇지 않은 교사보다 해방적 행동체계 목표를 중요시하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구 결과는, 실천 비판적인 가정 교과의 본질을 구현하기 위해서는 주생활 영역의 교육과정에 기술적, 해석적, 해방적 행동에 대한 목표들을 고루 포함하여야 하며 특히