• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 1983

Studies were carried out to elucidate the protein stabilizing effect of ginseng. Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) was used as a protein and the rate constant of the enzyme inactivation was determined under the heat denaturation condition. There was an optimum pH for the enzyme stability, the rate constant of the enzyme inactivation was minimum at BH 8.8. The rate constant was increased at lower and higher pH regions than the optimum pH. The inactivation reaction followed the Arrehnius law and the activation energy was measured as 36.8kcal/mole. The reaction rate was not affected by the enzyme concentration and thus it was assumed to be unimolecular first order reaction. The water extract of red ginseng decreased the rate constant of Malate dehydrogenate under heat inactivation condition to stabilize the enzyme activity. Purified ginseng saponin also stabilized the enzyme against heat inactivation.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1980년도 학술대회지
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• pp.1-3
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• 1980

To investigate the effect of ginseng on blood pressure (B.P.) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and essential hypertension ginseng extract was given per se daily in 58 SHR and 35 essential hypertensive patients. SHR were divided into 5 groups according to the dosage of ginseng. In essential hypertension 1,000mg of ginseng extract was given. The B.P. in SHR was measured by tail cuff method. In essential hypertension side effect and changes in various laboratory examinations were evaluated. In SHR ginseng appeared to have hypertensive effect when it is given in small amount(10mg/kg). However, when it is given 60mg/kg/day or more difinite B.P. lowering effect was observed. The hypotensive effect was dosedependant and it lasted for 37days of observation. In essential hypertension in 12 $(80\%)$ among 15 patients hypotensive effect was seen with ginseng administration along and the effect lasted for 12 weeks. In the rest of hypertensive patients it is required addition of diuretics of other antihypertensive drugs to decrease B.P., no appreciable side effect was seen. In laboratory examinations no significant changes were seen except for serum cholesterol, ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}-lipoprotein,$ and hematocrit. There was some evidence of relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) and ginseng in hypotensive action.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.188-205
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• 2022

Panax ginseng is a medicinal plant is a material with various pharmacological activities and research suggests that it is particularly effective in representative metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, in this study, systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the comprehensive effect of P. ginseng on metabolic parameters representing these metabolic diseases. A total of 23 papers were collected for inclusion in the study, from which 27 datasets were collected. The investigational products included P. ginseng and Korean Red ginseng. Across the included studies, the dose ranged from 200 mg to 8 g and the supplementation period lasted from four to 24 weeks. The study subjects varied from healthy adults to those with diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and/or hyperlipidemia. As a result of the analysis, the levels of glucose and insulin area under the curves, % body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced in the P. ginseng group as compared with in the placebo group. In conclusion, P. ginseng supplementation may act as an adjuvant to prevent the development of metabolic diseases by improving markers related to blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2016

Background: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the Orient. Among nine cultivars of P. ginseng, Chunpoong commands a much greater market value and has been planted widely in Korea. Chunpoong has superior quality "Chunsam" ($1^{st}$ grade ginseng) when made into red ginseng. Methods: A rapid and reliable method for discriminating the Chunpoong cultivar was developed by exploiting a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the auxin repressed protein gene of nine Korean ginseng cultivars using specific primers. Results: An SNP was detected between Chunpoong and other cultivars, and modified allele-specific primers were designed from this SNP site to specifically identify the Chunpoong cultivar and P. quinquefolius via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conclusion: These results suggest that great impact to prevent authentication of precise Chunpoong and other cultivars using the auxin repressed protein gene. We therefore present an effective method for the authentication of the Chunpoong cultivar of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the quality characteristics of Jeung-Pyun with the addition of red ginseng (0, 3, 5, $7\%$) which influences the prevention of atherosclerosis and the decrease of blood glucose levels. The quality characteristics of the sample were estimated in terms of general composition, color difference, volume, expansion, texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation. The water and lipid contents did not show any significant difference among the groups. In the groups with added red ginseng, protein and ash contents, and a and b values were significantly increased while L value (lightness) was significantly decreased (p<0.05). The height of the groups with added red ginseng was significant higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The value of volume and specific volume were the highest in the group with $3\%$ added red ginseng. The degree of expansion was significantly decreased in the groups with $5\%\;and\;1\%$ added red ginseng (p<0.05). In texture profile analysis, cohesiveness was significantly increased in the groups with $7\%$ added red ginseng (p<0.05). According to sensory evaluation, surface color was a thick color in the groups with added red ginseng but flavor did not differ Taste was very good in the groups with $3\%$ added red ginseng and a bitter taste was very strong in the groups with $5\%\;and\;7\%$ added red ginseng. Appearance and overall quality were highest in the groups with $3\%\;and\;5\%$ added red ginseng (p<0.05). Therefore, Jeung-pyun containing $3\%\;or\;5\%$ red ginseng was most preferable.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humus and albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm for different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with $NH_4Cl $(exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate (organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, $NH_4^+$, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in the different-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils was positively correlated with the $NH_4^+$ (r=0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r=0.325, p<0.01) and TOC (r= 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The $NO_3^-$ showed remarkable surface accumulation (0-5 cm) in the summer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Al fluctuated from $0.10mg\;g^{-1}$ to $0.50mg\;g^{-1}$ for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the $NO_3^-$ (r=0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r=-0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation varied from 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0-5 cmand 5-10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng beds with plastic shade.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 1986

Fuiarium solani 와 Phytophthora cactorum 이 인삼 사포닌 성분에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알기 위해서 각 첨가배지에서의 균사생육과 접종된 인삼분말의 사포닌 분석실험으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Fuiarium solani는 수삼의 물추출물 농도에 따라 생육이 억제되었으며 조사포닌 20ppm 첨가까지 생육이 촉진되었으나 50ppm이상에서는 불규칙적인 생육 억제효과가 있었다. 그리고 nystatin은 농도에 다라 생육을 억제하였다. Phytophthora cactorum은 수삼의 물추출액, 조사포닌의 농동에 따라서 생육은 촉진되었으며 nystatin은 생육에 영향을 미치지 않았다. F. solani 및 P. cactorum 으로 접종된 인삼분말은 ginsenoside Ra, Ro peak가 나타나지 않았으며 F. solani에 의해 PD 계 ginsenoside가 3.0% 증가되고 PT계 ginsenosides는 34.9% 감소되었다. P. cactorum의 경우는 PD 계 ginsenoside가 21.1% 증가, PT계 ginsenosides는 23.5% 감소하였다. 두 균주에 의해 PD, PT계 ginsenoside의 변화가 다르게 나타났지만 PD/PT비는 동일하게 58.4%씩 각각 높아졌다. 인삼의 총 사포닌 함량은 F. solani에 의해 17.8%, P. cactorum에 의해서 2.5%씩 각각 감소하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

Objective : To compare and examine how adjustment of pH and electrolyte can affect the efficacy of cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture, we've administered pure cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture and pH and electrolyte adjusted cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture on A549 human lung cancer lines. Then mRNA and proteins which take parts in apoptosis were examined. Methods : Pure cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture treated group was set as the control group and pH and electrolyte adjusted cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture groups were administered on A549 human lung cancer lines. Cell toxicity was carefully examined and from the analysis of DNA fragmentation, RT-PCR, and Western blot, manifestation of mRNA and proteins which are associated with apoptosis were inspected. Results : The following results were obtained on apoptosis of A549 human lung cancer lines after administering pH and electrolyte adjusted cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture. 1. Measuring cell toxicity of lung cancer cells, higher cell toxicity was detected at pH and electrolyte adjusted groups and the results were concentration dependent. 2. Through DNA fragmentation, we were able to confirm cell destruction in all groups. 3. Experiment groups treated with cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture showed inhibition of Bcl-2 and COX-2 at mRNA and Protein level, whileas increase of Bax was shown. 4. Manifestation of p21, p53, Cyclin E, and Cyclin D1 were confirmed in all groups. 5. Extrication of Cytochrome C was detected at all groups, as well as increased activity of the enzyme caspase-3 and caspase-9, and PARP fragmentation were confirmed. Conclusions : From the above results, we can carefully deduce cell destruction of A549 human lung cancer lines were induced by Apoptosis. At the same concentration level, cell destruction efficacy was better with adjusted pH and electrolyte. Cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture also showed decrease of Bcl-2 and COX-2, as well as increase of Bax. Since cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture increases manifestation of p21, p53, Cyclin E, and Cyclin D1, it affects cellular cycle and through these phenomena, we can consider extrication of Cytochrome C, increase of caspase, and PARP fragmentation are the results.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 1996

To develop a ginseng wine, the brewing conditions and sensory evalution of the wine were studied. The ginseng, ginseng marc and red ginseng marc can be made into wine by ethanol fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisae. The results showed that the higher ginseng concentration was, the faster the brewing velocity became. The ginseng marc wine brewed with 10% ginseng marc and 25% sugar was a great favorite The results from the mixture of ginseng and ginseng marc revealed that the mute the content of ginseng was, the faster the velocity of brewing became. It took 27 days for a wine from 10% ginseng marc to be brewed Into 12% ethanol, 10% ginseng took 10days and red ginseng took 15 days. Among these, a wine from 10% ginseng was superior to others in flavor, color and taste. And the wine from 6.7% red ginseng was favorite. Contents of the favorite wine from ginseng marc were 80mg/ml of reducing sugar, 2.6 of acidity, 12% of ethanol, 28mg/ml of saponin, and it's pH was 3.5. Contents of the favorite wine from red ginseng marc were 58mg/ml of reducing sugar, 2.8 of acidity, 12% of ethanol, 44mg/ml of saponin, and it's pH was 2.8.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.89-95
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• 1984

Hydrocortisone과 ginseng 그리고 hydrocortisone과 ginseng의 혼합물이 phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P)으로 유도한 모세혈관 림파구 변형에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 정상인 4명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 인삼의 농도를 0.16${\mu}g$/ml에서 1.60${\mu}g$/ml까지 증가시킴에 따라 PHA-P의 림파구 변형에 상관성이 있는 억제현상을 보였으며, hydrocortisone 500${\mu}g$/ml과 ginseng 0.8${\mu}/g$/ml을 동시 투여하였을 경우 각각 단일 물질 투여시 보다 상당한 PHA-P 변형의 억제효과를 나타냈다. 이는 인삼이 in vitro상에서 steroid와 유사한 효과를 갖고 있음을 시사해 주며, 면역에 hydrocortisone과 더불어 상당한 효과를 가지고 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. in vivo상에서 6명의 정상인을 대상으로 PHA-P 변형에 대하여 인삼의 효과를 연구한 결과 4주에 이르러 상당한 억제효과가 관찰되었다.