• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2010

In order to remediate heavy metal contaminated Nong island, Maehyang-ri shooting range soils through the batch reactor scale washing were evaluated. The experiment texture soil of N3 in the Nong island at north side incline was (g)mS containing 12.9% gravel, 47.0% sand, 35.1% silt and 5.0% clay. And the N3 soil area was contaminated with Cd($22.5\pm1.9$ ppm), Cu($35.5\pm4.0$ ppm), Pb($1,279.0\pm5.1$ ppm) and Zn($403.4\pm9.8$ ppm). The EDTA(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, $C_{10}H_{16}N_2O_8$) in the N3 soil was observed as most effective extractants among the 5 extractants(citric acid, EDTA, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate and oxalic acid) tested. And chemical partitioning of heavy metals after washing N3 soil with EDTA was evaluated. Removal efficiency of residual fractions was higher than that of non-residual fractions. To choose EDTA extractant which is the most effective in soil washing technology using batch reactor process cleaning Pb and Zn contaminated sits; Pb and Zn removal rates were investigated 92.4%, 94.0% removal(1,000 mM, soil:solution=5, $20^{\circ}C$, 24 hour shaking, pH=2, 200 RPM), respectively. The results of the batch test showed that the removal efficiency curve was logarithmic in soil was removal. Thus, EDTA washing process can be applied to remediate the Pb and Zn contaminated soil used in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.211-211
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• 2000

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been spotlighted as one of promising field emission displays(FEDs). For the first time, to authors knowledge, we have developed the 9" color CNT-FEDs with the resolution of 240x576 lines. The 9" CNT-FEDs with diode-type and triode-type structures are presented. The well-dispersed CNT paste was squeezed onto the metal-patterned cathode glass. For the anode plate, the Y2O2S:Eu, ZnS:Ag,Cl low-voltage phosphors were printed for red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The vacuum-packaged panel maintained the vacuum level of 1x10-7 Torr. The uniform moving images vacuum-packaged panel maintained the vacuum level of 1x10-7 Torr. The uniform moving images were demonstrated at 2 V/um. High brightness of 800, 200, and 150cd/m2 was observed on the green, red, and blue phosphors at V/um, respectively. Field emission characteristics of a triode-type CNT-FED were simulated using a finite element method. the resultant field strength on the cathode was modulated by gate bias and emitted electrons were focused on the anode. A relatively uniform emission image was experimentally achieved at the 800V anode. A relatively uniform emission image was experimentally achieved at the 800V anode and the 50-180 V gate biases. Energy distribution of electrons emitted from CNTs was measured using an energy analyzer. The maximum peak of energy curve corresponded to the Fermi energy level of CNTs. The whole fabrication processed of CNT-FEDs were fully scalable and reproducible. Our CNT-FEDs has demonstrated the high potential of large-area and full-color applications with very low cost fabrication and low power consumption.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability enhancement by solubilization of lipophilic drugs in nano-emulsion has been reported and it may be useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. This study was performed to compare in vivo bioavailability of nano-emulsion formulation with that of the general product as control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics assessment of Vitamin A, D and E complex of nanoemulsion formulation (LaVita), in comparison to the general product, was performed in the male rat plasma by a single oral dose at 20 mL/kg body weight (n=3/group). For nano-emulsion formulation (LaVita), $C_{max}$ of vitamin A and E in plasma were much higher and the area under the curve (AUC) of vitamin A, D and E were 14-63% higher, and the half-life of vitamin E was 2-fold longer than the general product. According to statistical analysis, each $C_{max}$ of vitamin A, D & E was significantly higher (p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than that of general product. Half-life of vitamin A was significantly higher (p<0.01) and AUC of vitamin A and D were also significantly higher than the general product. CONCLUSION(s): Considering significant increment of $C_{max}$ and AUC, LaVita made of nano-emulsion could be more effective the absorption rate and extent for bioavailability of vitamin A, D & E than those of general product.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2018

Purpose: Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI)-primarily diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-is an easily overlooked disease due to its low incidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of false profile view as a screening test for IFI. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with IFI between June 2013 and July 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study. A control group (n=58) with matching propensity scores (age, gender, and body mass index) were also included. Ischiofemoral space (IFS) was measured as the shortest distance between the lateral cortex of the ischium and the medial cortex of lesser trochanter in weight bearing hip anteroposterior (AP) view and false profile view. MRI was used to measure IFS and quadratus femoris space (QFS). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under the ROC curve (AUC) and cutoff point of the IFS were measured by false profile images, and the correlation between the IFS and QFS was analyzed using the MRI scans. Results: In the false profile view and hip AP view, patients with IFI had significantly decreased IFS (P<0.01). In the false profile view, ROC AUC (0.967) was higher than in the hip AP view (0.841). Cutoff value for differential diagnosis of IFI in the false profile view was 10.3 mm (sensitivity, 88.2%; specificity, 88.4%). IFS correlated with IFS (r=0.744) QFS (0.740) in MRI and IFS (0.621) in hip AP view (P<0.01). Conclusion: IFS on false profile view can be used as a screening tool for potential IFI.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.440-447
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• 2004

Characteristics of human ${\beta}-carotene$ 15,15'-dioxygenase isolated by recombinant DNA technology was elucidated. Optimal pH and temperature were 9.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. Enzyme activity was temperature-sensitive. Enzyme was stable at pH 6.0-9.0 for 24 hr and under $5^{\circ}C$. Half-life of enzyme at $35^{\circ}C$ was 40 min. Crude preparations of enzyme were inhibited by ferrous ion-chelating agent and sulfhydryl-binding agent. GSH offsets inhibitory effect of PCMB. With increasing substrate concentrations, enzyme activity gave typical Michaelis-Menten curve, Based on Hanes-Woolf plot of data, $K_{m}\;and\;V_{max$ were $3.39{\times}10^{6}\;M\;and\;1.2\;pmol/mg$ protein/min, respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2001

The cDNA encoding ribosomal protein was identified from a cDNA library of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The nucleotide sequence of the 548 by cDNA clone reveals an open reading frame, which encodes a putative protein of 166 amino acids with a molecular mass of 18.3 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the S. pombe L11 protein is highly homologous with those of rat and fruit, while it is clearly less similar to those of prokaryotic counterparts. The 1,044 by upstream sequence, and the region encoding N-terminal 7 amino acids of the genomic DNA were fused into the promoterless $\beta$-galactosidase gene of the shuttle vector YEp357 in order to generate the fusion plasmid pHY L11. Synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid varied according to the growth curve. It decreased significantly in the growth-arrested yeast cells that were treated with aluminum chloride and mercuric chloride. However, it was enhanced by treatments with cadmium chloride ($2.5\;{\mu}M$), zinc chloride ($2.5\;{\mu}M$), and hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM). This indicates that the expression of the L,11 gene could be induced by oxidative stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.725-731
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• 2002

This experiment was performed to understand the changes in plasma leptin in association with plasma IGF-1, body weight and ADG from early growing to late finishing stages of Holstein steers. Blood collection was performed by arterial vein puncture at selected monthly ages of 1 (54 kg), 2.6 (103 kg), 7.2 (205 kg), 13.5 (314 kg), 16.9 (414 kg), 22.2 (550 kg), 24.9 (626 kg) and 27.4 months (695 kg). The blood was analyzed for leptin using the multi-species leptin RIA with recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) as standard, plasma IGF-1 was also measured using RIA. Against the standard rbleptin, the multi-species Leptin RIA system's sensitivity, cross reactivity, slope and recovery of 41.0 ng/ml rbleptin in plasma were 4.9 ng/ml, 11.22%, -1.396 and 97.8%, respectively. Plasma leptin measured were more than 5.0 ng/ml, which enable multi-species RIA system to investigate plasma leptin in normal growing steers. Body weight resulted to a highly significant second-degree polynomial relationship with plasma leptin (q=0.54, p<0.0001) and plasma IGF-1 (q=0.44, p<0.0001) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. However, the second-degree polynomial curve of plasma leptin and IGF-1 differs showing a concave and convex curvilinear relationship, respectively. ADG was not significantly associated to plasma leptin (r=0.06, p>0.05) and plasma IGF=1 (r=0.06, p>0.05) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. Low coefficient, but significant associated increase of plasma leptin and IGF-1 (r=0.12, p<0.008) from 1 to 27.4 months was observed. The uncoordinated increases of plasma IGF-1 at growing and plasma leptin at fattening period, may indicate (1) indirect involvement of endogenous IGF-1 on leptin secretion, and (2) IGF-1 level may signify lean and bone accretion while plasma leptin may mirror body fatness across the monthly ages of Holstein steers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2001

The event-based agricultural non-point source(AGNPS) pollution model was applied to estimate the loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in a stream draining small agricultural watersheds. Calibration and verification of the model were performed using observed data collected from rainfall events in the Imgo watersheds during 1997-1998. Parameter calibrations were made for the runoff curve number. The peak flow volumes in the watersheds were well reproduced by the modified model. Average deviation between observed and simulated values was 10%, and this match was confirmed by the coefficient of efficiency value of 0.97. The deviations tended to increase as the peak flows increased. The simulated total N concentrations in the stream water were fairly close to the measured values, and the coefficient of efficiency in the estimation was 0.93. However, there were relatively large variations between calculated and observed values of total P concentration, and the coefficient of efficiency in the estimation was 0.74. Any inaccuracies that arise in estimating runoff flow and nutrient loading can not be explained exactly and further adjustment and refinements may be needed for application of AGNPS in agricultural watersheds. With this restrictions in mind, it can be concluded that AGNPS can provide realistic estimates of nonpoint source nutrient yields.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2015

Background: Quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is one of the most important techniques for gene-expression analysis in molecular based studies. Selecting a proper internal control gene for normalizing data is a crucial step in gene expression analysis via this method. The expression levels of reference genes should be remained constant among cells in different tissues. However, it seems that the location of cells in different tissues might influence their expression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has any effect on expression level of three common reference genes (GAPDH, ${\beta}$-actin and ${\beta}2$-microglobulin) in equine marrow- and adipose-derived undifferentiated MSCs and consequently their reliability for comparative qRT-PCR. Materials and methods: Adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM) samples were harvested from 3 mares. MSCs were isolated and cultured until passage 3 (P3). Total RNA of P3 cells was extracted for cDNA synthesis. The generated cDNAs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The PCR reactions were ended with a melting curve analysis to verify the specificity of amplicon. Results: The expression levels of GAPDH were significantly different between AT- and BM-derived MSCs (p < 0.05). Differences in expression level of ${\beta}$-actin (P < 0.001) and B2M (P < 0.006.) between MSCs derived from AT and BM were substantially higher than GAPDH. In addition, the fold change in expression levels of GAPDH, ${\beta}$-actin and B2M in AT-derived MSCs compared to BM-derived MSCs were 2.38, 6.76 and 7.76, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GAPDH and especially ${\beta}$-actin and B2M express in different levels in equine AT- and BM-derived MSCs. Thus they cannot be considered as reliable reference genes for comparative quantitative gene expression analysis in MSCs derived from equine bone marrow and adipose tissue.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.244-251
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• 2023

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with cardiorespiratory failure. The serum albumin level is an important prognostic marker in critically ill patients. We evaluated the efficacy of using pre-ECMO serum albumin levels to predict 30-day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) who underwent venoarterial (VA) ECMO. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 114 adult patients who underwent VA-ECMO between March 2021 and September 2022. The patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors. Clinical data before and during ECMO were compared. Results: Patients' mean age was 67.8±13.6 years, and 36 (31.6%) were female. The proportion of survival to discharge was 48.6% (n=56). Cox regression analysis showed that the pre-ECMO albumin level independently predicted 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.59; p=0.002). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of albumin levels (pre-ECMO) was 0.73 (standard error [SE], 0.05; 95% CI, 0.63-0.81; p<0.001; cut-off value=3.4 g/dL). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with a pre-ECMO albumin level ≤3.4 g/dL than in those with a level >3.4 g/dL (68.9% vs. 23.8%, p<0.001). As the adjusted amount of albumin infused increased, the possibility of 30-day mortality also increased (coefficient=0.140; SE, 0.037; p<0.001). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia during ECMO was associated with higher mortality, even with higher amounts of albumin replacement, in patients with CS who underwent VA-ECMO. Further studies are needed to predict the timing of albumin replacement during ECMO.