• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2006

Purpose: Recombinant ScFv lym-1 was produced, using pET vector system for large scale production. Methods: ScFv lym-1 gene inserted pET-22b (+) vector, was expressed in E.coli BL-21 strain. ScFv lym-1 antibody extracted from periplasm, was purified with His-Taq column. To evaluated immunoreactivity with Raji cell, ScFv lym-1 was labeled with I-125 and I-125 ScFv lym-1 was purified with desalting column. Raji cell was injected into the C57BR/cdJ SCID mice. Gamma camera imaging were taken time point at 1, 8, 24, and 48 hr with 8 mm pinhole collimator. Results: An active scFv lym-1 could be produced in E. coli with soluble iron using PET vector system. Immuuoreaetivity and affinity constant of IgG lym-1 were 54% and $1.83{\times}10^9M^{-1}$, respectively, and those of scFv lym-1 were 53.7% and $1.46{\times}10^9M^{-1}$, respectively. Biodistribution of I-125 scFv lym-1 antibody showed faster clearance in blood, spleen, kidney and than I-125 IgG lym-1 antibody. Gamma camera image of I-125 scFv lym-1 antibody showed faster clearance and tumor targeting liver than I-125 IgG lym-1 antibody. Conclusions: In vitro properties of scFv lym-1 were similar to those of IgG lym-1. ScFv lym-1 showed faster blood clearance than IgG lym-1 There results suggest that scFv lym-1 antibody can be useful for tumor imaging agent.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.307-327
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• 1998

Cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) is a yeast mitochondrial enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water using two equivalents of ferrocytochrome c. The CcP/cytochrome c system has many features which make it a very useful model for detailed investigation of heme protein structure/function relationships including activation of hydrogen peroxide, protein-protein interactions, and long-range electron transfer. Both CcP and cytochrome c are single heme, single subunit proteins of modest size. High-resolution crystallographic structures of both proteins, of one-to-one complexes of the two proteins, and a number of active-site mutants are available. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that the distal histidine in CcP is primarily responsible for rapid utilization of hydrogen peroxide implying significantly different properties of the distal histidine in the peroxidases compared to the globins. CcP and cytochrome c bind to form a dynamic one-to-one complex. The binding is largely electrostatic in nature with a small, unfavorable enthalpy of binding and a large positive entropy change upon complex formation. The cytochrome c-binding site on CcP has been mapped in solution by measuring the binding affinities between cytochrome c and a number of CcP surface mutations. The binding site for cytochrome c in solution is consistent with the crystallographic structure of the one-to-one complex. Evidence for the involvement of a second, low-affinity cytochrome c-binding site on CcP in long-range electron transfer between the two proteins is reviewed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.415-425
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• 2020

It is believed that two main proteolytic systems are involved in the tenderization of meat: the cathepsins and the calpains. Many researchers consider the calpain system to be the major contributor to meat tenderness during post-mortem storage. However, the role and activity of cathepsins during post-mortem storage or low temperature meat processing is unclear, particularly for the tough meat cuts like brisket. Thus, the study was designed to investigate the effects of cold (refrigerated and frozen) storage and sous vide processing on the activities of cathepsin B, H, and L in beef brisket. There were no significant changes in pH and cathepsin H activity throughout the 18 d of storage at both temperatures. However, an increase in cathepsin B activity was observed during the first 4 d at both storage temperatures, but subsequently the activity remained unchanged. Cathepsins B and L were found to be more heat stable at sous vide temperatures (50℃ for 24 h, 55℃ for 5 h and at 60℃ and 70℃ for 1 h) compared to cathepsin H. Cathepsin B+L activity was found to increase after sous vide cooking at 50℃ for 1 h but decreased to about 47% relative to the uncooked control after 24 h of cooking. These results suggest that cathepsins B and L may contribute to the improved meat tenderness usually seen in sous vide cooked brisket meat.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2001

For the production and purification of a single chain human insulin precursor, four types of fusion peptides $\beta$-galactosidase (LacZ), maltose binding protein (MBP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and (His)(sub)6-tagged sequence (HTS) were investigated. Recombinant E. coli harboring hybrid genes was cultivated at 37$\^{C}$ for 1h, and gene induction occurred when 0.2mM of isopropyl-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was added to the culture broth, except for E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS harboring a pET-BA cultivation with 1.0mM IPTG, followed by a longer than 4h batch fermentation respectively. DEAE-Sphacel and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography, amylose affinity chromatography, glutathione-sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and a nickel chelating affinity chromatography system as a kind of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) were all employed for the purification of a single chain human insulin precursor. The recovery yields of the HTS-fused, GST-fused, MBP-fused, and LacZ-fused single chain human insulin precursors resulted in 47%, 20%, 20%, and 18% as the total protein amounts respectively. These results show that a higher recovery yield of the finally purified recombinant peptides was achieved when affinity column chromatography was employed and when the fused peptide had a smaller molecular weight. In addition the pET expression system gave the highest productivity of a fused insulin precursor due to a two-step regulation of the gene expression, and the HTS-fused system provided the highest recovery of a fused insulin precursor based on a simple and specific separation using the IMAC technique.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.21-33
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to ascertain differences of the sensory system, central processing system, effector system, and balance ability according to general characteristics (sex, fall experience, and age), and to identify the contributions of the sensory, central processing, and effector system to balance ability in 83 healthy elderly subjects. The subjects were elderly (over 60 years) who live in Wonju City. All subjects participated in six tests (position sense test, visual acuity, vestibular stepping test, Mini-Mental Status Exam-Korea, strength of dorsiflexors, and Berg Balance Test). Collected data were analyzed by the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The results of the six tests according to sex showed that vestibular function was significantly better in women than in men. But visual acuity, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability were significantly better in men than in women (p<0.05). 2. There were no significant differences in position sense, visual acuity, vestibular function, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability between fallers and non-fallers (p>0.05). 3. However, the results of the six tests according to age (group A: 60-69 years, group B: 70-79 years, group C: 80-89 years) showed significant differences in five tests. In the Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, position sense, visual acuity, and cognitive function showed significantly different results between in group A and group C: the strength of the dorsiflexors was significantly different between in group A and group B, and balance ability was significantly different between in group A and group C, and between in group B and group C (p<0.05). 4. Cognitive function and position sense were positively associated with balance ability. Their power of explanation regarding balance ability was 38% (p<0.05). These results suggest that cognitive function and position sense play an important role in balance ability. This would seem to suggest that programs for evaluation or improvement of elderly's balance ability in the elderly should consider cognitive function and position sense.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2006

Peer-to-peer systems (P2P) are rapidly growing in importance on the Internet environment, quickly extending the range of their usage. However, peer-to-peer systems have not been widely applied in electronic commerce because they have not been established as an appropriate business model. Therefore, we firstly review the previous research relevant to peer-to-peer systems, and then analyze the business models for P2P systems presented by previous researchers. Furthermore, this study categorizes major issues in terms of the technical and business model aspects. On the basis of these reviews, we develop P2P electronic commerce systems based on the file sharing method between users, focusing on user interface friendliness. A developed P2P electronic commerce systems are programmed by using the C# based on the Microsoft.net solution. A database is implemented using the MSSQL2000. A main application technology is designed that P2P electronic commerce systems make it possible. for user to extend into BtoB Solution by using WSDL (Web Services Description Language), UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration) and the XML that is a document for users. User interface is made as form of Internet messenger for a user's convenience and is possible to develop into a commodity transaction system based on XML. In this study, it is possible for the P2P electronic commerce system to have extended application to fields such as Internet shopping mall and property transaction in a nonprofit organization, a public institution and a large scale nonprofit institution that have a similar structure as compared with a structure of a nonprofit educational institution.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 1989

The amount of the Korean export & import in 1987 reached $88.3 billion which was 1.75% of the total world trade and the proportion of foreign dependence to G.N.P was 74.5%. From these facts, we can infer that the development of national economy is largely dependent upon trade. Therefore the role of transportation, especially Ocean transportation, as a basis of economic development through trade is one of the main factors that can not be passed over. Here, We can define that a port as a subsystem of transportation determines the efficiency of the total transportation system. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to contribute in improvement of the efficiency in port, reinforcement of the international competitiveness for exporting goods by the analysis of the cargo handling charges. In order to do this, this paper deals the case of B.C.T.O.C. Furthermore, this study gives some important informations related to the level of tariffs for establishing an autonomous port administration. The Summary of the conclusions of this paper is as follows ; 1) The object of port administration in Korea has been emphasized on the maximization of efficiency in using the port facilities. Nowadays, however, it should be moved to a direction that port is operated under the compound aims considering the public interests and economy. 2) For a criterian of tariff calculation, A tariff system based on the cost accounting is desirable. In general it is recommended that the cost for construction, management, and operation of port is compensated by the revenue from port operation. Therefore, it is necessary for the administration bodies of each port to establish a tariff system on the basis of the independent profit system. 3) For the investigation of actors of tariff adjustment by the Break-even point analysis, (1) When we conducted the B.E.P analysis using total cost as cost term, we got 3.8% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 1.5% discount at 15% of rate. when we set the target profit rate as 17% we could have the proper tariff level. (2) When using operating cost as cost term, we got 13.1% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 10.9% discount at 15% of rate. When setting the target profit rat as 28%, we could have the proper tariff level. 4) Comparing with the tariffs of foreign ports for the basic terminal rate, The tariff level of B.C.T.O.C showed 33% of stevedoring charge and 80% of marshalling charge incurred at Kobe port. The comparison with Singapore port gave 50% of transhipment charge and 17% - 20 % of stevedoring charge. 5) We found that the financial structure of B.C.T.O.C was better than those of other companies and the worth fixed assets ratio was too low. The fact of low worth fixed assets ratio implies that the cargo handling facilities should be increased. Moreover, The return of assets for B.T.T.O.C was good but non-operating expenses were still contained too much in. Therefore, we think that it is necessary for B.C.T.O.C. to rationalize business management. Although the present cargo handing charge for B.C.T.O.C is a proper level in terms of a public corporation, for the final recommendation in connection to the results, It is required to take the rationalization process for business management.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.980-984
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• 1994

Monomeric rhodium and iridium diimine complexes $Cp^*M(HNRNH)(Cp^*$ = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl : (M=lr; R=o-$C_6H_4 (1a), 4,5-(CH_3)_2-C_6H_2-1,2 (1b), 4,5-(Cl)_2-C_6H_2-1,2$ (1c), NCC=CCN-1,2 (1d): M=Rh; R=NCC=CCN-1,2 (1e)) have been synthesized from $[CP^*MCl_2]_2$ and 2 equiv. of diamine in the presence of $NEt_3$. The Crystal structure of 1a was determined by X-ray diffraction method : 1a was crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group $P2_{1/c}$, with lattice constants a=9.543 (1) ${\AA}$, b=16.286 (1) ${\AA}$, c=10.068 (1) ${\AA}$ and ${\beta}$=99.25 (1), with Z= 4. Least-squares refinement of the structure led to R factor of 0.049. The coordination sphere of rhodium and iridium can be described as a 2-legged piano-stool. All complexes are highly colored. Electrochemical studies show that 1d and 1e display quasi-reversible reduction and 1a-1c display irreversible reductions, suggesting that the acceptor orbital might be localized on the diimine ring.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.322-328
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• 2013

In this study, we show the expression and purification of the human recombinant farnesoid X receptor (FXR)- ligand binding domain (LBD) protein in E. coli using a double cistronic vector, pACYCDuet-1, as a soluble form. We describe here the expression and characterization of a biologically active $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$. When expressed in the influence of bacterial promoters ($P_{T7}$ and $P_{Tac}$) of the single cistronic expression vectors, the human recombinant $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$ was found to be totally insoluble. However, by using a double cistronic expression vector, we were able to obtain the human recombinant $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$ in a soluble form. To allow for biological activities, we have subcloned into the pACYCDuet-1 vector, expressed in E. coli cells at some optimized conditions, and purified and characterized the human recombinant active $FXR-LBD_{(248-476)}$ proteins using the fluorescence polarization assay. This suggests that the expression of FXR-LBD in a double cistronic vector improves its solubility and probably assists its correct folding for the biologically active form of the proteins. We suggest that this may represent a new approach to high expression of other nuclear receptors and may be useful as well for other classes of heterodimeric protein partners.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.583-597
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• 1995

We investigated the effect of the oxygne partial pressure on the phase stability of B $i_{2}$S $r_{2}$Ca C $u_{2}$ $O_{8+x}$ and B $i_{2}$S $r_{2}$C $a_{2}$C $u_{3}$ $O_{10+x}$ at 82$0^{\circ}C$. As the oxygen pressure decreased, B $i_{2}$Sr/sb 2/CaC $u_{2}$ $O_{8+x}$ melted at 2.2$\times$10$^{-3}$ atm $O_{2}$. In the case of the B $i_{1.7}$P $b_{0.4}$S $r_{2}$C $a_{2}$ $O_{10+x}$, it started to decompose into theree phases of B $i_{2}$S $r_{2}$Cu $O_{6+y}$, $Ca_{2}$Cu $O_{3}$ and C $u_{4}$ $O_{3}$ and C $u_{4}$ $O_{3}$ at 8.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ atm $O_{2}$ and was completely decomposed at 4.3$\times$10$^{-3}$ atm $O_{2}$ B $i_{2}$S $r_{2}$C $a_{2}$C $u_{3}$ $O_{10+x}$ phase was not formed by the solid state reaction from the mixutre of $i_{2}$S $r_{2}$CaCu.sub 2/ $O_{8+x}$, $Ca_{2}$Cu $O_{3}$ and CuO down to 2.2$\times$10.sub -3/ atm O.sub 2/ but formed by the solidifciation of the formed from the mixture of the intermediate compounds in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system and the fromation temperature of Bi.sub 2/S $r_{2}$C $a_{2}$Cu.$_{3}$ $O_{10+x}$ can be lowered by reducing oxygen partial pressure.e.e.ure.e.e.