• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1221-1234
• /
• 2012

There are many factors to influence the amount of terpene at the forest. However, it is poorly understood whether the amount is altered by meteorological factors. In order to study correlation analysis between terpene amount and meteorological(i.e., temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation) and environmental factors(i.e., oxygen, carbonb dioxide) at the artificial coniferous forest of Chamaecyparis obtusa (site 1) and Cryptomeria japonica (site 2) nearby the $1^{st}$ reservoir at Mt. Moodeung, the research was executed during April to November in 2011. Forest density at site 1 was 1,692 trees/ha, being occupied with 87.2% of Chamaecyparis obtusa, higher than 925 trees/ha at site 2. Carbon dioxide at site 1 was in the range of 385~410 ppm in June, similar to at Anmyundo(395 ppm in 2010). Solar radiation has positive correlation with ambient temperature and inversely negative with relative humidity. Main species of terpene released were ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, cymene, ${\delta}$-limonene and camphor at two sites and terpene was more effluent at spring and summer than at fall. The large amount of terpene was emitted in the afternoon than in the morning under the influence of the wind speed and the topographical property. The terpene amount has positive correlation with relative humidity and oxygen, and negative with wind speed and soil temperature. Because correlations of ${\alpha}$-pinene and other terpene materials showed statistically significant within p=0.01. ${\alpha}$-pinene could be suggested as the basic material in explaining the amount of other terpene materials.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to investigate a natural medicinal multi-plants extract (BG515), which consisted of multi extracts of Mori folium, Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz, Dioscorea japonica, Lycii fructus, and Astragalus radix, on blood glucose, insulin levels, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) induces a type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Type 1 is usually characterized by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICA), autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), and autoantiboides to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which identify the autoimmune process that leads to $\beta-cell$ destruction. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing $150\sim170g$ each (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into one control (Group A) and 4 STZ-induced diabetic groups, and were subjected to one of the following treatment for 12 weeks. Groups A and B were fed basal diets and Group C, D, and E received the same diets as groups A and B, but with supplements of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of BG515 orally for 12 weeks, respectively. Diabetes was induced in Groups B, C, D, and E by intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg of STZ per body weight in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.5) via the tail vein. In the BG515 groups, we found increases in serum insulin levels, compared to the STZ-control group, but these data were not significant. In contrast, blood glucose and serum MDA concentrations decreased in the BG515 groups compare to the STZ-control group. At the 5th week, in all the BG515 administered groups, there were decreases in serum blood glucose levels compared to the STZ- control group, and this activity was very strong in the BG515-1 group at the 12th week. These results suggest that natural bio-complex compounds (BG515) may slightly suppress STZ-induced changes in serum MDA concentration via the maintenance of serum insulin levels, due to the prevention of $\beta-cell$ and glucagon destruction by STZ.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.256-264
• /
• 2004

Vegetation structure was investigated to provide basic information on revegetation of abandoned coal mine lands in Borim, Sungwon, Hyeopjeong, Daedong and at a control site in Taebaek. The upper layer of the control site consists of 7 species and the Importance Value was highest for Pinus densijlora, but there were no species in the four abandoned coal mines. The number of dominant species in the middle layer of each coal mine site was 2 for Borim, 2 for Sungwon, 3 for Hyeopjeong and 2 for Daedong. In the case of the lower layer in Borim, Sungwon, Hyeopjeong and Daedong, there were 12, 14, 9 and 8 species, respectively. The lower level importance values were highest for Pinus densiflora in Borim, for Amorpha fruticosa in Sungwon and for Rubus crataegifolius in the Hyeopjeong and Daedong coal mines. Weigela subsessilis, R. crataegifolius, P. densiflora, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Stephanandra incisa, Lespedeza crytobotrya and A. fruticosa appeared in the lower layers of abandoned coal mines. Species diversity of the lower and the herbaceous layers ranged from 0.800 to 0.952 and 0.699 to 0.907 in abandoned coal mines. Evenness and dominance in all abandoned coal mines ranged from 0.840 to 0.949 and 0.051 to 0.160.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.29-46
• /
• 1991

Benthic marine algal community of a sea bank at Joomoonjin, in the eastern coast of Korea, was investigated monthly in view of floristic composition and seasonal periodicity during from August, 1989 to July 1990. Total number of benthic alga identified were 70 taxa, which composed of 7 species of Chlorophyta, 21 species of Phaeophyta and 42 species of Rhodophyta. The dominant species were Sargassum horneri, Underia pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica and Pachymeniopsis sp.. Vegetation, from the point of phygiognomy, was a mosaic type by these dominant species. The flora was compared with similarity index using S${\phi}$rensen coefficient and grouped by a cluster analysis. As a result, the algal community of this area could be divided into two clusters at similarity level 45% : Flora of water temperature-ascending period(January-July) and flora of water temperature-descending period(August-December). And also, the former flora was subdivided into two clusters at point of the $14^{\circ}C$ sea water temperature : winter flora(January-April) and spring-summer flora(May-July). The flora of this area was characterized as a mixed flora of cold and temperature zone by Cheney's index.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2019

To understand vegetational characteristics of abandoned paddy terraces (APTs), species composition and plant species richness of APTs were compared with those of other natural- and constructed wetlands (NWs and CWs, respectively). Based on frequency of major vegetational components, Phragmites japonicus was more common in APTs (23.9%) than NWs (10.8%) and CWs (10.8%), whereas P. australis was less frequent in APTs (18.3%) than NWs (43.1%) and CWs (35.4%). Typha orientalis was common only in APTs (19.7%), whereas T. angustifolia was relatively common in NWs (21.5%) and CWs (32.3%). In addition, some wetland obligate species such as Leersia japonica, Oenanthe javanica, and Sium suave were frequently found only in APTs. In particular, APTs showed higher plant species richness ($6.3{\pm}2.2\;species/m^2$) than NWs ($4.9{\pm}1.8\;species/m^2$) and CWs ($3.9{\pm}1.3\;species/m^2$). APTs exhibited not only their distinctive vegetational characteristics but also higher ecological value in terms of plant species richness. Further attention on APTs as valuable biotopes supporting diverse plant species and continuous effort for management and conservation are needed more.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2021.04a
• /
• pp.30-30
• /
• 2021

빌레나무는 국내에서 제주도 서부 곶자왈 지역에서만 자생하는, 어두운 환경을 선호하며 개체수가 희소한 종이다. 본 연구는 광 환경이 빌레나무 묘목 생장에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 서귀포시 난대아열대산림연구소 내 양묘장에 차광막을 이용하여 35%, 55%, 75% 차광 처리구를 설치하였고 노지에 비차광 처리구를 비교구로 설정하였다. 2019년 7월에 삽목 증식시킨 빌레나무를 2020년 5월에 각 처리구에 이식하였다. 2021년 3월에 각 차광 처리구의 모든 묘목의 묘고, 잎의 수, 줄기 수를 측정하고 생육이 건전하고 평균적인 묘목을 각 9본씩 굴취하여 건중량을 측정하였다. 35%, 55%, 75% 차광 처리구별 평균 묘고(cm)는 각각 53.2, 51.3, 41.4, 평균 잎의 수(개)는 41.3, 42.1, 24.4, 평균 줄기 수(개)는 3.1, 2.7, 2.2로 나타났다. 평균 묘고, 잎의 수, 줄기 수는 35% 차광 처리구와 55% 차광 처리구에서 75% 차광 처리구보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 건중량 분석 결과, 35%, 55%, 75% 차광 처리구별로 평균 잎 건중량(g)은 각각 11.3, 9.5, 5.5, 평균 줄기 건중량(g)은 5.6, 5.3, 2.6, 평균 뿌리 건중량(g)은 4.5, 3.6, 2.6으로 차광률이 낮을수록 증가하였으며 모든 부위별 건중량은 처리에 따른 통계적 유의성을 보였다(p<0.05). 지상부 대비 지하부 비율은 75% 차광 처리구에서 0.35로 가장 높았으며 35%, 55% 차광 처리구에서 0.27, 0.26로 나타났다. 한편, 비차광처리구의 모든 묘목들은 2021년 1~2월경 지상부가 고사하였다. 본 연구결과, 빌레나무 묘목은 노지에서 생존률이 불량하고, 차광 처리 시 차광률 증가에 따라 생장에 부정적인 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. 빌레나무의 건전한 생육 및 유무성증식을 통한 보급 증대에 기여하기 위하여 향후 온도, 수분 등 여러 환경 인자를 조절하는 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.111-125
• /
• 2001

An estuary is semi-inclosed inlets, located between terrestrial and marine environment. Since many estuaries along south-western coasts of Korean peninsula were affected by human settlements and activities, significant changes in sedimentation environments have been observed. The research area is divided into three distinct morpho-stratigraphic units: fluvial dominated area(Area1), mixed area(Area 2), tide-dominated area(Area3). The landform of this area has been changed by reclamation and river channel change. Temporal variations affected by dam construction, periodic freshet was iterrupted. Sediments began to continuously accmulate on estuary banks by tide. Meanwhile, because of the continuous but reduced discharge of fresh water, the salinity of estuarine sediments was declined. That processes made vegetated area( Phregmites lonivalvis and Suaeda japonica) to be expanded. It indicates that the magnitude and frequency of geomorphic processes has been significantly changed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data by analyzing and analysing the Growth Conditions of old Trees in Yangdong village. This study investigated about the conducted on tree information, soil information, and tree health. The result are as follows. The trees information in Yangdong Village consists of Juniperus chinensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix pseudolasiogyne, Celtis sinensis, Zelkova serrata, Gleditsia japonica, and Gleditsia sinensis trees, The range of height was 4.0~17.0m, and the diameter was 0.51~1.34m, Juniperus chinensis trees of No.17 was most large. In the results of soil analysis, there showed that acidity was pH4.1~6.3, hardness of 5~48mm, organic matter content of 21.2~29.1g/kg, electrical conductivity(EC) of 0.34~1.76dS/m, available P₂O₅ of 79.8~451.6mg/kg, exchangeable K of 0.22~1.71cmol+/kg, exchangeable Ca of 4.98~7.44cmol+/kg, exchangeable Mg of 0.67~2.19cmol+/kg, exchangeable Na of 0.19~1.04cmol+/kg and cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) of 7.23~13.02cmol+/kg. As a result, the highest number of tree health levels is 8 of 11trees of Celtis sinensis, 2 of 7trees of Zelkova serrata, and 3 of Gleditsia sinensis, and 13 of 30 trees of health levels, The Older trees with high infection, spoil and hollowed part were the remaining trees except for the healthy part. Relatively, more than half of the number of targets is infected, decay, and the hollowed site, and it is necessary to perform surgery on the damaged area. In addition, preservation and protection measures should be implemented by supplying root nutrients for trees, controlling nutrients in the body to prevent secondary and tertiary damages that cause the infection site to metastasize to the health site, In order to continually monitor the trees, measures to improve the location environment and management of the trees should be sought.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.304-309
• /
• 2011

BACKGROUND: Generally, water plants may play an important role in nutrients(N, P) removal in constructed wetlands(CWs). Previous studies considered nutrients uptake by water plants in various CWs for treating point source pollution. On the other hand, few studies considered nutrients uptake by water plants in free water surface(FWS) CWs for treating non-point source pollution. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate characteristics of nutrient uptake by water plants in FWS CWs, dry weights, nutrients content and nutrients uptake by water plants were investigated from April, 2008 to October, 2008. Dominance plants were Phragmites japonica STEUD (PHRJA), Nymphaea tetragona ANGUSTA(NTMTE), Typha orientalis PRESL(TYHOR), Phragmites communis TRINIUS(PHRCO) and Zizanis latifolia TURCZ(ZIZLA) in FWS CWs. The dry weights of water plants in August were higher in the order of TYHOR(54.27 g/plant) > PHRJA(44.30 g/plant) ${\geqq}$ PHRCO(39.60 g/plant) ${\geqq}$ ZIZLA(37.80 g/plant) ${\fallingdotseq}$ NTMTE(36.75 g/plant). The T-N and T-P contents by water plants were not significantly differences regardless of cultivation period. The maximum amount of T-N uptake by water plants in August were 773 mg/plant for PHRJA, 625 mg/plant for NTMTE, 1206 mg/plant for TYHOR, 754 mg/plant for PHRCO and 768 mg/plant for ZIZLA. The maximum amounts of T-P uptake by PHRJA, NTMTE, TYHOR, PHRCO and ZIZLA were 397, 177, 411, 261 and 229 mg/plant in August, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): The results of this study suggest that optimum water plant was Typha orientalis PRESL in free water surface constructed wetlands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.70-83
• /
• 2013

To widen prospect of villa as Korea traditional garden, the result of the research about constructional characteristics of Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong of Yeoju Lee family at Toero-ri, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, is abstracted as below. Seogo-jeongsa(西皐精舍) and Sameun-jeong(三隱亭) was intended to practise retirement with sense of unity with the head residence, since Seogo-jeongsa was 340m far and sameun-jeong was 630m far away from head residence, which set within 1km. Although Seogo-jeongsa's basic prop, Sameun-jeong's timber, which are both from designer's pen name and head residence name, "Hangjae(恒齋)" and "Yongjae(庸齋)," and Hanseoam have each different exposure, it is homogeneous as space configurational side in order to optimize the gaze leading effect and appreciated domestic trees from the pond, which is center of the garden and the significant facility. Method of direction of Seogo-jeongsa's Hwalsudang(活水塘) and Sameunjeong's pond of Sameun-ji(三隱 池) gets attention by distinction. Especially, directing of 3 step water flow from behind to front and traditional pond method, called Bangji-Bangdo(方池方島), were very unique that any other place can be found. Also, the middle islet on the pond at both villa, which isn't more supper, but more for the symbolic molding that seek a stone pagoda(石假山), is more interesting directing method as considering the relationship of the 3 stone pagoda imageries on the surface of Ghwayukchon(果肉泉) At the same time, Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong shows very different characteristics from traditional villa that adopted both domestic trees and foreign trees. Particularly, it is extremely exceptional case to plant vigorous needleleaf tree, such as Chamaecyparis pisifera, C. obtusa, Pinus bungeana, P. palustris, Sciadopitys verticillata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Cedrus deodara, on Sameun-jeong. Moreover, adopting foreign wild needleleaf trees for landscaping trees, such as a Torreya nucifera, Taxus cuspidata, P. parviflora, and foreign landsacping trees, such as P. bungeana, Cryptomeria japonica and C. obtusa tells planting trend of the late Joseon dysnasty era. Also, as we can know from 2 Jipgyeong(集景), which is 'Seogo-jabyoung 17 young(西皐雜詠十七詠)', and 'Sameun-jeong 12 Gyoung(三隱亭十二景)' which are set on both villa, the intend to expand the garden area is strongly shown by the natural forest directing. As a result, Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong, located at Toero-li Miryang, are sharing the traditional Joseon dynasty era's custom, such as space and visual composition; however, it is different and attractive garden remains as a point of view of water directing, stone pagodas, and adopting foreign landscaping trees.