• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4715-4718
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• 2015

Background: Patient delay can contribute to a poor outcome in the management of head and neck cancers (HNC). The main objective of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with patient delay in our population. Materials and Methods: Patients with cancers of the head and neck attending a regional cancer center of North East India were consecutively interviewed during the period from June 2014 to November 2014. The participation of patients was voluntary. The questionnaire included information on age, gender, residential status, educational qualification, monthly family income, any family history of cancer, and history of prior awareness on cancer from television (TV) program and awareness program. Results: Of 311 (n) patients, with an age range of 14-88 years (mean 55.4 years), 81.7% were males and 18.3% females (M:F=4.4). The overall median delay was 90 days (range=7 days-365 days), in illiterate patients the median delay was 90 days and 60 days in literate patients (P=0.002), the median delay in patients who had watched cancer awareness program on TV was 60 days and in patients who were unaware about cancer information from TV program had a median delay of 90 days (p=0.00021) and delay of <10 weeks was seen in 139 (44.6%) patients, a delay of 10-20 weeks in 98 (31.5%) patients, and a delay of 20-30 weeks in 63 (20.2%) patients. Conclusions: Education and awareness had a significant impact in reduction of median patient delay in our HNC cases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.230-234
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• 2022

Background: To date, there have been no studies on the normal anatomic values of the anal sphincter in healthy Koreans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the normal anatomic values of transanal ultrasonography (TAUS). Methods: The thickness of the external anal sphincter (EAS) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) was measured by TAUS from healthy Korean volunteers between September 2019 and August 2021. Results: Thirty-six volunteers with a median age of 37 years (range, 20-77 years) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 23.5 kg/m² (range, 17.2-31.2 kg/m²) were examined. The median thickness of the EAS at 4 cm and 2 cm from the anal verge was 7.4 mm (range, 5.8-8.8 mm) and 6.5 mm (range, 5.6-8.0 mm), respectively. The median thickness of the IAS at 2 cm from the anal verge was 1.8 mm (range, 0.8-4.3 mm). There were no differences in sphincter muscle thickness between the sexes. However, the EAS tended to thicken as the BMI increased (EAS at 2 cm and 4 cm from the anal verge, Spearman rho=0.433, 0.363; p=0.008 and p=0.029, respectively). Conclusion: In healthy Korean, the median thickness of the IAS at 2 cm from the anal verge was 1.8 mm and the median thickness of the EAS at 2 cm and 4 cm from the anal verge was 6.5 mm and 7.4 mm respectively. There were no differences in anal sphincter thickness between sexes, but BMI was related to EAS thickness.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment outcomes, prognostic factors, and survival of gastric cancer patients with bone metastases. Materials and Methods: Of 4,617 gastric cancer patients who were treated between 2001 and 2013, 176 patients with bone metastases were analyzed. Results: The incidence of bone metastasis was 3.8%. The most common histopathological subtype was adenocarcinoma (79%) with poor differentiation (60.8%). The median interval from the diagnosis to bone metastasis was 11 months. The median survival time after bone metastasis was 5.4 months. Factors that were associated with longer median survival times included the following: isolated bone metastasis (P=0.004), well-differentiated tumors (P=0.002), palliative chemotherapy (P=0.003), zoledronic acid treatment (P<0.001), no smoking history (P=0.007), and no metastatic gastric cancer at the time of diagnosis (P=0.01). On the other hand, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.86; P=0.015), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (HR: 2.04; P=0.002), and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 (HR: 2.94; P<0.001) were associated with shorter survival times. In multivariate analysis, receiving zoledronic acid (P<0.001) and performance status (P=0.013) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Smoking history, poor performance status, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and high levels of LDH, CEA, and CA 19-9 were shown to be poor prognostic factors, while receiving chemotherapy and zoledronic acid were associated with prolonged survival in gastric cancer patients with bone metastases.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the scapular rhythm of normal persons. 16 persons was no disease, injury and after-effect in period for July 1, 1996 to July 14, 1996. The statistical measures were performed by SPSS/PC t-test for classification. The result of this study were as follow : 1. There was a significant difference between the body median line and scapular superior angle from the mean distance in 83.4 mm of male and 86.0 mm of female to shoulder neutral position(p<0.05). 2. The mean distance of body median line between scapular inferior angle was 97.9 mm of male and 92.0 mm of female to shoulder neutral position. 3. There was a significant difference between the body median line and scapular inferior angle from the mean distance with male and female to shoulder abduction $90^{\circ}$ position(p<0.05). 4. The mean angle of body median line between scapular angle was $6.4^{\circ}$ of male and $4.4^{\circ}$ of female with shoulder neutral position. 5. The mean ratio of scapular rhythm was 5.6 : 1 in shoulder abduction of $90^{\circ}$ and 5.1 : 1 in shoulder abduction of 180.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.790-794
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of treating the pain among newborn infants associated with a medical procedure with sucrose with regard to overall physiological and behavioral stability. Methods: 103 newborn infants were enrolled in this study. The control group (n=63) did not receive any treatment. The experimental group (n=40) received 2 mL of 24% sucrose solution two minutes before a routine heel stick. The pain was assessed by measurements of physiological changes [e.g. pulse rate, oxygen saturation, salivary cortisol (hydrocortisone)] and behavioral changes [e.g. crying time, and the neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) for neonates]. Results: There were no differences among the groups with respect to physiological changes associated with the pain from the procedure. However, there were significant group differences in behavioral changes to the pain. In the control group, the median crying time was 13 seconds, while in the experimental group, the median crying time was 3.5 seconds ($P$=.000). In the control group the median NIPS score was 4, while in the experimental group the median NIPS score was 2 ($P$=.000). Conclusions: These findings suggest that sucrose can be an effective method for the management of stress responses in infants with regard to behavior. However, this treatment had no significant physiological effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.763-768
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• 1992

To prevent recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax, 23 patients were operated through median sternotomy for simultaneous resection of bilateral bullae, And 27 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were treated with unilateral thoracotomy, We studied the number, duration and sites of recurrence including findings of CT scan, as well as comparing the both operated group. The incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax was 88% in patients with the ages between 16 to 35 Forty one patients[82%] were operated with the indication of recurrent pne-umpthorax. The number of pneumothorax attack was 2.34 per patient with recurrent pneumothorax. The 87.8% of recurrence was occured within 6 months from last attack. Ips-ilateral recurrnet pneumothorax was 56.1% and contallateral involve was 43.9%. The bilaterality of visible bullae was 90.9% in the findings of chest CT scan and 91.3% in the operative finding. The sensitivity and accuracy for bulla detection with chest CT were 92.6%, respectively. Exclude one case of complicated median sternotomy infection, the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in median sternotomy approached group[P<0.05]. In conclusion, the bullous lesions of the lung have tendency of bilaterality so that median sternotomy for simultaneous resection of bilateral bullae should be considered in patients with contralateral visible bullae with chest CT.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

The smart-phone has become a necessity for most people. In this study, we determined that using a smart-phone for 20 minutes can cause increased neck and shoulder muscle activities and fatigue. Seventeen healthy male smart-phone users who attended Yonsei University played a smart-phone game for 20 minutes and changes in their bilateral cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius muscle activities and fatigue were measured. To assess muscle activities and fatigue, we used the following variables: the median frequency, the 50th percentile Amplitude probability distribution function (APDF) value (median load), and the discrepancy in the 90th percentile APDF value and the 10th percentile APDF value (APDF range). A paired t-test was used to compare pre-smart-phone-use status with post-smart-phone-use-status. The median frequency of the bilateral cervical erector spinae and the upper trapezius decreased significantly after 20 minutes of smart-phone use (p<.05). In addition, the 50th percentile APDF value of the bilateral cervical erector spinae and the right upper trapezius increased significantly (p<.05). The APDF range of the bilateral cervical erector spinae and the upper trapezius also increased significantly (p<.05). However, the 50th percentile APDF range of the left upper trapezius was not significantly different (p>.05). These findings suggest that using smart-phones for 20 minutes can induce muscle fatigue and increased neck and shoulder muscle activities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.979-983
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• 2012

Background : Previous studies have suggested a lack of complete cross-resistance between steroidal (exemestane) and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (nSAI). Methods : Eighty-eight metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who received 25 mg of exemestane orally once a day at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between 2003 and 2009, were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had received nSAI for metastatic disease prior to exemestane therapy. Results : The median age was 52 years (range, 33-79), and 13 (14.8%) patients were premenopausal who concomitantly received GnRH agonist. Exemestane was given as a second- (80.7%) or third-line (19.3%) hormone therapy. The clinical benefit (CB) rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease ${\geq}$ 24 weeks) was 30.7%, with a median CB duration of 10.0 months (range, 6.3-78.7). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99-4.01) and the overall survival (OS) 21.5 months (95% CI, 17.96-25.04), with a median followup of 50.3 months. Patients who achieved CB had longer OS than those patients who did not (29.6 vs 17.9 months; P=0.002). On univariate analysis of predictive factors, patients who had achieved CB from previous nSAI tended to show lower CB rate (24.6% vs 44.4%, respectively; P=0.063) and shorter PFS (2.8 vs 4.8 months, respectively; p=0.233) than patients who had not. Achieving CB from previous nSAI became independent predictive factor for CBR to exemestane on multivariable analysis (Odds ratio = 2.852, P = 0.040). Conclusions : Exemestane after nSAI failure was effective in prolonging CB duration. The drug's efficacy seemed to be inferior in patients who had benefit from previous nSAI use.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2017

This paper presents a sequentially combined method of determining location conditions, the number of unmanned parcel service box and their optimal locations. First of all, block, accessibility and main public facilities are considered as location conditions and then set-covering model and p-median model are adopted for deciding the number of unmanned parcel service box and optimal locations, respectively. A case study for a region composed of small housings and multiplex housings in Ansan is conducted to prove the validation and application of the proposed method. The result indicates that 2 unmanned parcel service boxes are necessary in specific public places. The research contributes to resonable choice of unmanned parcel service boxes, crime reduction relevant to delivery man impersonation and economic benefit due to parcel service industry growth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.290-298
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• 2017

This study compared the median nerve, ulnar never, and F waves of patients diagnosed with early Carpal Tunnel Syndrome to a control group to determine whether F waves could be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of early CTS. The terminal motor latency (TML), terminal motor amplitude and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of the section from the palms to the wrists, which are the key indicators to use in a nerve conduction study, and F waves were compared with the control group using the t-test. A correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the main indicators. The comparison between the median nerve's TML of the early CTS patients and that of the control group shows that there are 2 sections which have high significance (p<0.001). In the comparison of the SNCV of the median nerve between the control group and early CTS patients, high significance was observed (p<0.001). In the analysis of the F waves, there was high significance (p<0.001) between the control group and early CTS patients for the median nerve, but not for the ulnar nerve. The correlation analysis revealed that both the SNCV-TML and F wave-TML had significance. These results suggested that, along with TML and SNCV, F waves can be a useful indicator to diagnose CTS.