• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6799-6804
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• 2014

Background: Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for the majority of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver mutations and many receive therapies beyond first-line. Second-line chemotherapy has been disappointing both in terms of response rate and survival and we know relatively little about the prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: One thousand and eight patients with advanced NSCLC who received second-line chemotherapy after progression were reviewed in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, China, from September 2005 to July 2010. We analyzed the effects of potential prognostic factors on the outcomes of second-line chemotherapy (overall response rate, ORR; progression free survival, PFS; overall survival, OS). Results: The response and progression free survival of first-line chemotherapy affects the ORR, PFS and OS of second-line chemotherapy (ORR: CR/PR 15.4%, SD 10.1%, PD2.3%, p<0.001; PFS: CR/PR 3.80 months, SD 2.77 months, PD 2.03 months, p<0.001; OS: CR/PR 11.60 months, SD 10.33 months, PD 6.57 months, p=0.578, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). On multivariate analysis, better response to first-line therapy (CR/PR: HR=0.751, p=0.002; SD: HR=0.781, p=0.021) and progression within 3-6 months (HR=0.626, p<0.001), together with adenocarcinoma (HR=0.815, p=0.017), without liver metastasis (HR=0.541, p=0.001), never-smoker (HR=0.772, p=0.001), and ECOG PS 0-1 (HR=0.745, p=0.021) were predictors for good OS following second-line chemotherapy. Conclusions: Patients who responded to first-line chemotherapy had a better outcome after second-line therapy for advanced NSCLC, and the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy, period of progression, histology, liver metastasis, smoking status and ECOG PS were independent prognostic factors for OS.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2004

In this paper, a pressure control type ratio control valve(RCV) is designed for a metal belt CVT. Steady state and transient characteristics of the pressure control CVT are investigated by simulations and experiments. In addition, P-line is proposed to predict the shift performance. It is found that the bigger the pressure margin, the faster the shift response. It is expected that the P-line can be used in design of the RCV to meet the desired shift performance.

• International Journal of Arrhythmia
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Although an anterior linear ablation is an effective lesion set in radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (L-PeAF), its durability for bidirectional block (BDB) is only about 60% at repeat procedure. We hypothesized that changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) may predict an anterior line block state and the clinical outcome of L-PeAF ablation. Subjects and Methods: We studied 304 L-PeAF patients (77% male, $60{\pm}10yrs$), who consistently underwent RFCA Dallas lesion set (circumferential pulmonary vein isolation, posterior box lesion, and anterior line) protocol with subsequent comparison of pre-procedural and post-procedural P wave axes, and one year follow-up (n=205) sinus rhythm (SR) ECGs. Results: 1. P wave axis shifted inferiorly at immediate post-procedure (p<0.001), and was independently correlated with BDB of anterior line (${\ss}=10.4$, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.79-17.94, p=0.008). 2. The degree of post-procedural inferior shift of P wave axis did not reflect clinical recurrence within one-year (n=205, p=0.923), potentially due to conduction recovery of an anterior line. However, among 160 patients without clinical recurrence within one-year, P wave axis at one-year ECG was independently associated with very late recurrence of AF after one-year (n=160, hazard ratio [HR] 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99, p=0.001), during $45.6{\pm}16.7$ months of follow-up. 3. Among 22 patients who underwent repeat procedures, P wave axis shift was more significant in patients with maintained BDB of an anterior line than in those without (p=0.015). Conclusion: An inferior shift of P wave axis reflects the achievement and the maintenance of an anterior line BDB, and is associated with better long-term clinical outcome after catheter ablation for L-PeAF based on Dallas lesion set.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2002

백색란 계통인 Hy-line W-98과 갈색란 계통인 Hy-line Brown을 이용하여 주요 계란의 형질들과 난황 콜레스테롤 수준에 닭의 계통과 키토산의 첨가수준간의 상호작용 관계를 구명하고자 시험한 결과 난중에 대해서는 키토산의 첨가가 두 계통간에 서로 대조적인 경향을 나타내어 Hy-line Brown 계통에서만 키토산의 첨가가 난중의 증가에 기여했다. 평균 난백의 비율은 Hy-line Brown종에서는 키토산 첨가 그룹들과 대조구간에 유의한 타이를 나타내지 못했다. Hy-line W-98종에 있어서 C $H_{60}$구는 대조구에 비해서 평균난백의 비율이 유의하게(P<0.05) 낮았으나, C $H_{30}$구는 대조구와 별 차이가 없었다. 한편 평균 난황의 비율은 평균 난백의 비율에서 나타났던 경향과 반대로 Hy-line W-98종은 C $H_{60}$구가 대조구에 비해서, 그리고 Hy-line Brown은 C $H_{30}$구가 대조구에 비해서 유의하게(P<0.05)난황의 비율이 더 높게 나타났다. 평균 난각의 비율에 대해서는 두 계통 모두 키토산의 첨가로 난각의 질을 향상시키지는 못했다. 그러나 평균 난황콜레스테롤의 수준에 있어서는 두 계통 모두키토산 첨가구들이 대조구에 비해서 난황 Ig당 0.46mg~2.80mg정도가 더 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 특별히 Hy-line W-98종의 C $H_{60}$구는 대조구에 비해서 난황콜레스테롤의 수준은 유의한(P<0.05) 차이를 나타냈다. 그리고 자의 계통과 키토산 첨가수준간 상호작용 효과에 관한 유의성 분석결과 4개 시험 주령 전테 평균 난중(P<0.01), 난중에 대한 난백의 비율(P<0.05), 난황의 비율(P<0.01) 및 난각의 비율(P<0.05)은 모두 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. 한편, 전체 평균 난황콜레스테롤 수준에 대해서는 이들 두 요인간에 유의한 상호작용 효과를 나타내지 않았으나, 시험주령별 유의성 분석결과에서는 4개 시험주령 중 3개 시험주령에서 자의 계통과 키토산 첨가수준간에 유의한 상호작용 효과(P<0.01)를 나타냈다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.461-467
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• 1998

A fermentation system was supplemented with a device for the measurement of the durations of alkali pump feeding for automatic pH control and an A/D convertor for precise monitoring of pH value by computer. A software program was developed to measure buffer capacities from the pH signal and the pH control signal during fermentation. By measuring the buffer capacity on-line, levels of acetic acid were estimated by a software sensor using pH signal in a fermentation process of E.coli growing in a minimal medium. The measured values of acetic acid showed correlation to those of estimated by the software sensor. Lacitic acid production was also successfully estimated by the values of buffer capacities measured on-line.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

백색란 계통인 Hy-line W-98과 갈색란 계통인 Hy-line Brown을 이용하여 주요 계란형질들과 산란율에 대한 닭의 계통간의 차이를 구명하고자 시험한 결과, 각 시험주령별 평균 난중에 있어서 백색란 계통과 갈색란 계통간에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 전체 평균 난중은 백색란 계통이 63.57 g 이었고, 갈색란 계통이 64.43 g으로서 갈색란 계통의 계란이 0.86 g이 더 무거운(P<0.05) 것으로 나타났다. 전체 난중에 대한 난백의 비율은 54주령시를 제외한 나머지 모든 주령에서, 그리고 전체 평균 난백의 비율에서도 갈색란 계통은 백색란 계통보다 유의하게 (P<0.05) 더 높은 것으로 나타난 반면에, 난중에 대한 난황의 비율은 모든 시험주령 및 전체 평균치에 있어서 갈색란 계통이 백색란 계통보다 유의하게(P<0.05) 더 낮았다. 한편 난중에 대한 난각의 비율 및 난각의 두께는 갈색란 계통이 백색란 계통보다 유의하게(P<0.05) 더 높거나 더 두터운 것으로 나타났다. 전체 난중에 대한 난황 : 난백의 비율은4개 시험주령중 3개 시험주령에서 갈색란 계통이 백색란 계통보다 유의하게(P<0.05) 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 초산시(20주령)부터 56주령시까지의 전체 평균 Hen-day 산란율은 백색란 계통이 63.7%이었던 반면에, 갈색란 계통은 70.3%로서 갈색란 계통이 백색란 계통보다 6.6% 정도 산란율이 유의하게(P<0.05) 더 높았다. 결론적으로 계란소비자가 상대적으로 더 선호하는 갈색란 생산 계통을 사육하는 것이 성계의 체중과 가금티푸스와 같은 질병문제를 개량한다면 난중, 난백의 비율, 난각의 두께 및 산란율에 있어서 백색란 생산계통의 사육보다 더 바람직함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2011

This study examined the relationship between Phragmites australis' growth and sediment properties at mud tidal flat of Donggum-ri, Gilsang-myeon, Gangwha-gun, Incheon city. Field survey was carried out from May, 2010 to October, 2010. Water content, soil texture, electric conductivity and water table depth for sediment, density, height, dry weight and flowering for P. australis were examined at several plots from the starting point (the coastal embankment) to the end point of the two populations. The result was as follows. Firstly, the water table increased along distance from the embankment at one line (N-line) but was similar at the other line (S-line) in a P. asustralis population. Water tables were higher out of than within a P. australis population at two populations. Secondary, in N-line, the height and dry weight of P. australis decreased along the distance from embankment but, in S-line, those were similar in its population. P. australis' growth was dependent on electric conductivity at lower layer (water table level) rather than upper one (the surface). Thirdly, density of P. australis changed during growing season and was similar in a population, except for the end point of patch. In summary, the growth and distribution of P. australis were dependent on salt content of tidal flat's sediment (water table level) and this was affected by fresh water of the inland.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2005

Purpose: To assess the relationship between soft tissue reference line and hard tissue reference line using the standardized photographs and the posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs(P-A)in facial asymmetric patients and to compare the differences of angular measurement between normal group and asymmetry group. Methods: Normal group consisted of 44 persons with normal occlusion and normal facial morphology. Asymmetry group consisted of 90 patients with facial asymmetry. Standardized facial photographs and P-A were taken in all subjects. The horizontal reference lines were bipupillary line in photographs and latero-orbitale line in P-A respectively. The vertical reference line were the line from the midpoint of horizontal reference line perpendicularly. Angular measurement of otobasion canting, lip canting, nose deviation, chin deviation, and maxillary deviation were compared and analyzed in photographs. And angular measurement of mastoid canting, mandibular canting, nose deviation, chin deviation, and maxillary deviation were compared and analyzed in P-A. Results: 1. The variables of photographs and P-A were significantly related in the asymmetry group. 2. Significant differences between all variables except for PT2 and PA2 were shown in the asymmetry group and between PT1 and PA1, PT3 and PA3 in the normal group respectively. 3. Comparison measurement scores of angular difference between control group and experimental group concerning each variable showed significant difference except for PA1. Conclusions: Soft tissue components may not compensate for underlying skeletal imbalance in nose deviation and chin deviation. The horizontal reference lines in photographs were significant related with the P-A, but angular variables between the two studies show significant differences. Therefore, we do not recommend use photography in the assessment the facial asymmetry as complemented in the P-A.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1978

돼지백혈구(白血球) lysosomal 효소를 여러 pH(7.0, 4.0), 온도(溫度) 및 처리시간(處理時間)($37^{\circ}C$에서 12, 25시간(時間). $4^{\circ}C$에서 36, 168시간(時間)으로 처리(處理)한 우(牛)의 요근섬유(腰筋纖維)의 기미세적변화(起微細的變化)를 TEM으로 관찰한 바 pH 7.0에서는 처리 온도(溫度)와 시간(時間)에 관계없이 Z-line, M-line, H-zone등의 분해(分解)를 나타내었으나, pH 4.0에서는 myofilament만이 현저(顯著)한 분해(分解)를 나타내었을 뿐, Z-line은 정상적(正常的)이어서 분해작용(分解作用)이 없음을 보였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.58-58
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• 2002

Recently Many technologies of the P.L.N (Power Line Network) are introduced for an efficient communication. P.L.N transmits information using power line channel. A medical information transmission system is proposed in this paper for the effective transmission. The Power Line Networks have an advantage in low cost because it uses existent power line. It can be easily applied anywhere that a power line socket is available. But the power line channel is very noisy, because many electronic devices in generate electronic noise in modulated signals. This problem should be considered carefully in the design of medical information transmission system using P.L.N. The proposed system can be applied...I propose a telemedicine system using the power line network.