• 정보관리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-78
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to verify the factors determining core journals in a field based upon the results of the citation analysis of the journals in the field of Korean History(KH). In order to verify the determinant factors, dividing the articles of the KH journals into their novelty and author's seniority, the following hypotheses were established. Hypothesis 1: When a KH journal publishes more articles on prehistoric and ancient eras than others, the journal will have higher chance to be included in the core journals. Hypothesis 2: When a KH journal publishes more articles by senior researchers than others, the journal will have higher chance to be included in the core journals. To achieve the purpose, the cited articles found in the two sample journals, namely, Backsan Hakbo and Hanguksa Yongu were analysed during the past 20 years from 1962 to 1981. Applying the Hirst's Discipline Impact Factor method to the the study, Historical Science Impact Factor(HSIF) on the samples itself and the historical era dealt with in the articles and the seniority of the authors during every five-year period. Based upon thr present study to ver~fy the two hypotheses, the following conclusions have been reached. 1) Tht. most influencing sublect mattcr era or1 thix liSIF of the lo~lrual is arranged in prehistoric arid ancient, Koryo, Chosun, recent era, and the others by order of era. 2 ) Clial~g~~lg a fringe or semicore journal u~to a core j ~ u r n a l , very IISIF' 011 it> article e r a 1s grown up arrd prcllistoric a ~ ~ d ancierlt era:. are, s p c c ~ a l l ~ , incr.eased high relatively. Char~ging a core journal int:~ a fr~ngr or semicort. journal, t.very IISIF ti dropped and prel~istc~ric and ancieut taras arc, fallen sharp relatively. 3) The most irlflr~encin~ s~niority 011 the t1SII- of ihc journal I. the senior.., written or1 prehistoric and ancient eras. Above all, the senilir'b HSIF olr prehistoric anti anclent e r a s a r e most ~nfluencing the cliangi~rg of the core journal into the fringe ur bemicore. .i) flypothesis fl is no1 vcrif~ed i r t general. T l ~ e rt, lative connections bet wee^^ the senior's HSIF 011 each era and tht, ~ l ~ a l ~ g i t l g of the tort. ji1ur.tia1 arc \:er~fied in part hut r~ot in the wliole. 5) 'The reason why the 11SIF or1 prehistori~. arid ar~cic~nt e r a s is higl~er than others can be assumed becaltic the new <, xcavations a r r contit~ued actively i l l the prrsr.llt as to the relics arid remains or1 that eras. Accordingly, the HSIF' r i l l thr 11ew 3ubject matter l~ke arcl~acmlogy trends to grow up greatly. Bctween the senior's and juriior's JISIE', junior'.; is higl~er than s., nior's except ancient e r a . That reason can be assumed bccausr Iunlorb t r j to solve the ex~sting problems thr~urglr their ow11 new viewpoints and sights. So, i t should be studied whether the 11SlF on the artic1t.s of the new subject matters and viewpoirrts is influenced to the changing of the core jorlrnal or not.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1353-1365
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• 1997

연구배경 : 종양괴사인자(tumor necrosis factor ; TNF)는 다양한 생물학적 기능을 가지고 있는 바, 그 중 생체 외에서 증명된 뚜렷한 항암 효과로 말미암아 최근 항암 유전자요법의 중요한 대상으로 관심을 모으고 있다. 현재 유전자 이입의 기술적 문제로 생체 외에서 암세포에 유전자 이입을 시행한 후 이를 다시 환자의 생체내로 이식하는 방법이 연구의 주종을 이루고 있다. 그러나 저자들의 과거의 연구를 포함한 여러 연구에서 TNF가 이입된 암세포는 TNF에 대해 내성을 보이는 이에는 새로이 방어 단백질을 합성하는 것이 관여할 것이라는 시사가 있었다. 이 획득내성의 기전을 밝히는 것이 종양생물학의 이해를 넓히고 보다 효과적인 항암 유전자요법을 개발하기위한 매우 중요한 과제로 생각된다. 저자들은 TNF 유전자 이입에 따른 암세포의 TNF에 대한 획득내성에, 일부 세포에서 TNF에 의해 발현이 유도된다는 것이 밝혀진, 항산화효소의 하나인 MnSOD의 발현의 변화가 관여하는 지를 규명하고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 방 법 : TNF에 다양한 감수성을 보이는 인체 및 생쥐 기원의 4가지 암세포주(WEHI164, NCI-H2058, A549, ME180)에 TNF-$\alpha$ 유전자를 retroviral 이용하여 이입하고 TNF의 발현을 시도하여 PCR, ELISA, MTT assay로 확인하였고, TNF 유전자가 이입된 세포(WEHI164-TNF, NCI-H2058-TNF, A549-TNF, ME180-TNF)는 TNF에 내성을 보이는지 역시 MTT assay로 검증하였다. TNF 유전자 이입 전후의 MnSOD mRNA 발현의 차이는 Northern blot analysis를 통하여 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) TNF-$\alpha$ 유천자 이입 및 발현 확인 PCR을 시행한 결과 TNF 유전자가 이입된 각 세포 790 base pair 표기의 진한 DNA band를 보인 반면 모세포주는 보이지 않아서 retroviral vector를 이용한 유전자 이입이 DNA 수준에서 이루어 있었다. 그리고 TNF 유전자가 이입된 세포의 배양상층액에서 TNF양을 ELISA로 측정한 결과 TNF를 세포에 따라 1.91ng/24hr/$10^6\;cells$에서 3.91ng/24hr/$10^6\;cells$ 생산함을 알 수 있었다. 2) TNF 유전자 이입 전후, 암세포의 TNF에 대한 감수성 비교 TNF 농도 100ng/ml에서 WEHI164-TNF와 ME180-TNF 세포는 통계적으로 유의하게 (p<0.01) TNF에 대한 내성을 획득함을 알 수 있었다. 3) TNF 유전자 이입 전후외 MnSOD mRNA 발현양상 TNF에 감수성을 보이는 WEHl164와 ME180세포는 TNF 유전자 이입 후에 MnSOD mRNA 발현이 증가되지 않았으며, TNF에 내성을 보이는 NCIH2058과 A549 세포는 TNF 유전자 이입 후에 MnSOD mRNA 발현의 증가가 관찰되었으나 이는 모세포에 외부에서 TNF를 주었을 때도 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 세포주에 TNF 유전자를 이입하여 TNF를 발현하게 하였을때 세포 자신은 TNF에 대해 내성을 하게 되는데, 이 획득내성은 MnSOD 발현 능력의 향상에 의한 것은 아닐 것으로 판단되나 각 세포주의 자연 상태의 TNF에 대한 감수성 여부는 MnSOD의 발현 차이가 관련될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1995

To evaluate the role of radiation and chemotherapy after limb-saving operation in the management of soft tissue sarcoma, the authors analysed retrospectively 33 patients treated in department of Orthoaepdic Surgery and Radiation Therapy, Catholic University Medical College, in terms of survival rate, local recurrence rate and prognostic factors. There were 16 males and 17 females. The age distribution ranged from 16 to 81 years with mean age of 48. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 10 years with average of 5.5 years. The histologic diagnoses were 9 liposarcoma(27.2%), 8 malignant fibrohistiocytoma(24.2%), 7 unclassifiable(21.2%), 3 rhabdomyosarcoma(9.1%), 2 malignant schwannoma, 2 synovral sarcoma, and 2 fibrosarcoma(6.1%) in orders. While marginal and intralesional margins were gained in 24 patients(72.7%), wide and radical margins were obtained only in 9 patients(27.3%). On postoperative 3 weeks, local irradiation of 5000-7000 cGy was delivered to all patients by shrinking field technique for 5-8 weeks. Of 33 patients, 16(45.5%) patients were received adjuvant chemotherapy in combination of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide & vicristine, or VP16 & ifosfamide based on histologic type and obtained surgical margin. The survival rates by direct method at 2 years and 5 years were 58% and 37% respectively. Local recurrences occured in 15 patients(45.5%) at average 16 months after operation. Survival rates at 2 years and 5 years were 37% and 22% in case of intralesional and manginal excision, 75% and 47% in case of wide and radical excision respectively with statistical significance(p<0.05). They were 25% and 17% in the presence of local recurrence, 67% and 42% in the absence of local recurrence respectively with statistical significance(p<0.05). Even though there was no statistical correlation between survival rate and tumor size(p>0.05), the authors considered tumor size as a significant prognostic factors as well as surgical margin and the presence of local recurrence.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1978

진균류인 Aspergilus flavus의 대사생성물인 aflatoxin이 발암성물질이카는 것이 알려진 이래 비병원성 미생물이라고 ale어왔던 여러가지 미생물의 독성물질 생성여부에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어져 우리 식생활에 미생물독 즉 mycotoxin에 대한 문제는 더욱 중요하게 되였다. 본 실험에서는 토양에서 분리한 방선균속 균주가 생성하는 살어성물질의 기본적인 성질은 pH 3～7사이는 안정하였으나 PH 8이상에서는 매우 불안정하였으며 열에 대해서도 비교적 불안정한 물질이었으며 어종과 어체중에 따른 독성의 비교는 체중이 증가함에 따라 생존시간이 길었지만 버들붕어와 미꾸라지가 타어종에 비해서 본 독성물질에 대한 저항성이 매우 켰다. 일반적으로 미생물독의 생물에 대한 작용$^{(24~26)}$은 hemolytic necrotizing, proteolytic, neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic 등을 들 수 있으나 대부분의 독성물질은 상기 독작용 가운데 한 두 가지로서 그 주인이 된다. 본 물질의 잉어에 대한 각 조직의 succinic dehydrogenase 활성에 대한 조해작용을 조사한 결과 근육, 심장, 뇌 조직에 강한 조해현상을 나타내었다. 본 독성물질생성에 대한 금속 ion의 영향을 조사한 결과 $Cu^{2＋}$, $Pb^{2＋}$의 첨가가 크게 관계한다는 것을 알았으며 기타 본물질성장에 carbohydrate, amino acid, vitamin이 미치는 영향을 조사해 보고자 하며 어류이외의 타 온혈동물의 조직에 본독성물질을 작용시켜 그 결과를 알고자 한다. 한편 본 물질이 잉어의 각 조직에 대한 succinic dehydrogenase 활성에 미치는 정도 및 본 물질생성에 미치는 금속염의 영향을 볼 때 송$^{19~22}$ 등이 분이한 물질과는 차이가 있음을 알았다.소되었다. Alkaline protease는 배양 24시간에서 48시간까지는 0.1%구와 0.5%구가 대조구보다 효소력이 높았고 그 이상의 인삼엑기스가 첨가된 처리구보다 효소력이 낮았다. 그러나 48시간 이후부터는 효소력은 인삼엑기스 첨가량 순으로 감소를 나타내었다. period of May 13th-June 4th 1976. The study data was collected by the direct interview method based on the questionnaire which the investigator made out. The study result was analyzed by percentage, t - test. The findings can be summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of nurses doing duty on puerperal ward: a. Nurses′average age was 24.8 years old. b. 84.6% had educational background of 4 years of college. c. 69.2% had a religion. d. 53.8% were married. e. 53.8% had clinical experience of 1 year -3 years. f, 61.5% did duty on puerperal ward during 1 year -3 years. g. 46.2% desired to do duty on obstetric ? gynecologic ward. 2. General characteristics of the women who were studied during their puerperal period: a. Women′s average age was 26.4 years old. b. 79.5% had educational background above high school.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Purpose: Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been widely used. The optimal time for collection is a critical factor to obtain proper counts of CD34 cell by peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing peripheral blood stem cell collection in order to figure out the more effective timing for PBSC. Method: The subjects of this study were 189 patients undergoing 3 leukapheresis from January 28, 2005 to December 31,2006. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SAS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1-CD34 cell counts $<2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=97); group $2-2{\times}10^6/kg$ ${\leq}CD34$ cell counts $<4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=26); group 3-CD34 cell counts ${\geq}4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=63). Results: Based on outcome of peripheral blood stem cell according to diagnosis, acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was 65.5% at Group 1, Lymphoma was 21.7% at Group 2 and multiple myeloma (MM) was 70.8% at Group 3. There were significant differences in CD34 cell counts according to diagnosis (p=0.00004). Type of cytokine mobilization according to diagnosis, Lenograsim was using 62.5% of MM & 38.2% of AML and filgrastim is using 22.0% of AML only. Circular peripheral blood CD34 cell counts prior to harvest was $258.1/{\mu}L$ at Group 3 which was much higher comparing to Group 1 ($10.5/{\mu}L$) and Group 2 ($39.9/{\mu}L$) (p<0.001). TNC counts of collected peripheral blood stem cell was $15.36{\times}10^6/kg$ at Group 3 and it's much higher than Group 2 ($13.16{\times}10^6/kg$) and Group 1 ($12.36{\times}10^6/kg$) (p=0.083). There was no significant difference in MNC counts inbetween 3 groups. Conclusions: Circular peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts prior to harvest was much higher at Group 3 than Group 1 and Group 2. Therefore, the number of CD34+ cells on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for peripheral blood stem cell.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1011-1034
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• 1966

This thesis is the final report which has long been studied by the author to obtain the design basis for various hydrological constructions with the specific system suitable to the natural environmental conditions in Korea. This report is divided into two parts: one is to estimate runoff volume from watersheds and the other to estimate the peak discharge for a single storm. According to the result of observed runoff record from watersheds, it is known that Kajiyama formula is useful instrument in estimating runoff volume from watersheds in this country. But it has been found that this formula shows us 20-30% less than the actual flow. Therefore, when wihed to bring a better result, the watershed characteristics coefficient in this formula, that is, f-value, should be corrected to 0.5-0.8. As for the method to estimate peak discharge from drainage basin, the author proposes to classify it in two ways; one is small size watershed and the other large size watershed. The maximum -flood discharge rate $Q_p$ and time to peak Pt obtained from the observed record on the small size watershed are compared by various methods and formulas which are based upon the modern hydrological knowledge. But it was fou.d that it. was not a satisfied result. Therefore, the author proposes. tocomputate $Q_p$, to present 4.0-5.0% for the total runoff volume ${\Sigma}Q$.${\Sigma}Q$ is computed under the assumption of 30mm 103s in watershed per day and to change the theoritical total flow volume to one hour dura tion total flow rate when design daily storm is given. Time to peak Pt is derived from three parameters which are u,w,k. These are computed by relationship between total runoff volume (ha-m unit)and $Q_p$. (C.M.S. unit). Finally, the author checked out these results obtained from 51 hydrographs and got a satisfied result. Therefore the author suggested the model of design dimensionless unit-hydrograph. And the author believes that this model will be much available at none runoff record river site. In the large size watersheds in Korea when the maximum discharge occurs, the effective rainfall is two consequtive stormy days. So the loss in watershed was assutned as 6Omm/2days,and the author proposed 3-hour-daration hydrograph flow distribution percentage. This distribution percentage will be sure to form the hydrograph coordinate.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 1998

한국에서 자생한 자연산 tumor 조직과 근권토양으로부터 형질전환율이 높은 hypervirulent Agrobacterium spp를 분리하기 위해서 Salix, Diospyros, Populus 및 Malus에서 형성된 tumor 조직과 근권토양을 채취하괴 Schroth 선택배지와 New and Kerr 배지를 이용하여 78 균주의 colony를 특성에 따라 분리하였다. 이중에서 48 균주가 당근 disc에서 tumor를 형성하였으며 tumor를 형성한 균주중 형성시기가 빠르며 크기가 커 hypervirulent 균주로 생각되는 A. tumefaciens SP101을 biotype 1, 그리고 A. tumefaciens SM042를 biotype 2로 동정하였다. 토양중에서 선발한 A. tumefaciens SM042와 disarmed A. tumefaciens PC2760에 kanamycin 저항성 유전자를 함유하고 있는 binary vector pGA643을 도입하여 conjugant인 A. tumefaciens SM643과 A. tumefaciens PC643을 kanamycin과 tetracycline이 함유된 최소배지에서 획득하였다. 연초의 형질전환을 위해서 conjugant Agrobacterium과 연초조직을 동시배양 후 2,4-D와 kanamycin이 함유된 선발배지에 치상하여 형질전환을 유도한 결과 A. tumefaciens SM643이 A. tumefaciens PC643보다 더 많은 캘러스가 형성되었다. 그러나 A. tumefaciens PC643을 사용한 형질전환 캘러스는 대부분 friable한 캘러스로 유도되었으며 정상적으로 식물체로 생장하였으나 A. tumefaciens SM643을 사용한 캘러스는 매우 딱딱하며 둥그런 형태의 캘러스와 friable한 캘러스가 혼재한 상태로 생장하였으며, 이중에서 friable한 캘러스는 정상적인 shoot가 형성되었으나 딱딱한 캘러스로 유도된 형질전환체는 식물체로 형성되지 않고 반구형 미색의 전형적인 tumor 캘러스로 생장하였다. 한편 형질전환시 캘러스를 유도하지 않고 직접 shoot를 형성시킨 결과 disarmed Ti-plasmid를 사용하지 않고 wild-type Ti-plasmid를 사용해도 정상적인 형질전환체를 획득할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.642-650
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• 2006

As an effective non-pharmacological method of pain relief, hydrotherapy was widely used. And bath additive has been used for enhancing the efficacy of hydrotherapy, In the present study, as a bath additive, the analgesic activity of HAC, which composed of Corydalis turtschaninovii, Atractylodes japonica, and Harpagophytum procumbens(HAC), was investigated in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VIPAG), lateral PAG (IPAG), central nuclei of amygdala (CeA), and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in mice, using writhing test and immunohistochemistry for c-Fos. Male C57BU6 mice weighing $25{\;}{\pm}{\;}2g$ (8 weeks of age) were used for this experiment. The animals were divided into five groups: the control group, the acetic acid treatment group, the acetic acid treatment and 0.01 g/L HAC-immersed group, the acetic acid treatment and 0.1 g/L HAC-immersed group, and the acetic acid treatment and 1.0 g/L HAC-immersed group. To induce somato-visceral pain in the experimental animals, a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid was administrated to each animal, and the animals of the control group received injections of equivalent doses of normal saline. The animals of the HAC-immersed groups were immersed the water with HAC powder at the respective doses deep enough to cover the mice body, and those of the control group and the acetic acid treatment group immersed the water without HAC powder at 10 min immediately after the acetic acid injection. Our present study has shown that the HAC reduced the acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and the acetic acid-Induced increase of numbers of c-Fos-positive cells in the VIPAG, IPAG, PVN, and CeA. The most potent analgesic effect appeared with the treatment of 1.0 g/L KB-immersed group. Based on our present results, it is very possible that HAC can be a potent therapeutic bath additive for alleviating pain without the fear of addiction to the drugs and side-effects associated with the prescription of multiple analgesic drugs.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 충청남도 서산군 지곡면 중왕리 치안간석지에서 두토막눈썹갯지렁이 (Perinereis aibuhitensis)의 분포밀도와 현존자원량을 추정하였다 조사방법은 예비조사와 본조사로 나누어서 하였으며, 예비조사에서는 본종의 분포양상과 적정표본의 크기를 결정하였다. 본종의 분포형태는 임의분포였으며, 층별 적정 조사정점의 수는 5개였다. 본조사에서는 예비조사의 결과를 토대로 층별 및 소해역별 분포밀도를 추정하고 층간 또는 소해역간 분포밀도 차이의 유무를 비교분석하여 총 현존자원량을 추정하였다. 소해역내에서 층간에는 밀도차이가 없었고, 소해역간에는 유의한 밀도차이가 있었다 소해역별 분포밀도는 소해역 C가 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 B, A의 순이었다. 이 중 분포밀도가 가장 높은 소해역 C의 평균밀도는 $53.9g/m^2$였고, 분포밀도가 가장 낮은 소해성 A의 평균밀도는 $18.2g/m_2$였다. 조사해역 전체의 평균 현존밀도는 $32.4g/m^2$였고, 이의 변동계 수(coefficient of variance)는 $6.8\%$였다. 총 현존자원량은 147.5mt으로 추정되었다.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

Background and Objectives Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is one of the most effective treatment modalities of tinnitus based on the neurophysiological model proposed by Jastreboff and Hazell. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of counselor factor on treatment outcomes of TRT. Subjects and Method The total of 78 patients who had TRT from three different counselors in a tinnitus clinic of tertiary referral center from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 were included in this study. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the therapeutic response to TRT. Results Among 78 patients who were followed-up for more than 6 months, 47, 20, and 11 patients were treated by counselors A, B, C (all ENT specialists), respectively. Counselor A had 15-year-experience of TRT counseling, whereas counselor B and C were well trained but beginners of TRT counseling. Initial clinical characteristics including Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and tinnitus Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the patients among three groups were not significantly different. Treatment responses evaluated via THI and most of the tinnitus VAS scores after at least 6 months after TRT were significantly improved in all three groups (p<0.05) with no significant difference between the senior (A) and junior (B, C) group. Conclusion TRT seems to be an effective treatment modality of tinnitus even in this short term follow-up study. Treatment outcomes of TRT may not depend on the counselors once they are well trained and follow the same protocol.