• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1291-1298
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• 2002

To utilize coastal aquaculture ground bottom sediment in which concentrations of harmful pollutants are low and organic content is high as an organic fertilizer alkaline stabilizers such as CaO, Oyster shell, Mg(OH)$_2$ were added to the bottom sediment organic additives of livestock or food wastes. Nutritive qualities of crude fertilizers were measured to examine effects of alkaline stabilizers and organic waste additions. The Mg(OH)$_2$-added crude fertilizer had significantly lower total carbon(T-C) and nitrogen(T-N) content, reflecting the dilution effect due to great amount of Mg(OH)$_2$ addition. However, the addition of oyster shell had no significant effect on the T-C and T-N content of the fertilizer. $P_2O_5$ and $K_2$O content was considerably higher in the mixed sample of aquaculture ground bottom sediments and livestock wastes than in the mixture of the sediments and food wastes, resulting from higher $P_2O_5$ and $K_2$O content in livestock wastes. Addition of Mg(OH)$_2$ increased the content of MgO In the crude fertilizer but significantly reduced the content of other nutritive elements such as $P_2O_5$, $K_2$O and CaO. Addition of oyster shell as an alkaline stabilizer seemed to have the advantage of saving time and expenses far dryness due to its role as a modulator of water content. Moreover, additions of effect Mg(OH)$_2$ decreased the concentrations of heavy metals in the fertilizer by the dilution while additions of oyster shell had no influence on heavy metal concentrations in the fertilizer.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.297-300
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• 1986

이앙기(移秧機)에 부착(附着)된 시비기(施肥機)를 이용(利用)하여 이앙(移秧)과 동시(同時)에 토양(土壤)에 주입(注入)할 수 있는 호상비료(糊狀肥料)를 개발(開發)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 아미노산폐액(酸廢液)에 인산(燐酸), 중과석(重過石), KOH, 요소(尿素), DAP 염화가리순(鹽化加里順)으로 첨가혼합(添加混合)하여 반액체(半液體)인 수도용(水稻用) 호상복합비료(糊狀複合肥料) 제조(製造)가 가능(可能)하였으며 시제품(試製品)의 NPK 함량(合量)은 시제품(試製品) I이 12.50-14, 25-13.01, 시제품(試製品) II가 10.59-14.88-13.17 이었고 pH는 두 제품(製品) 공(共)히 6.5 내외(內外), 비중(比重)은 1.45g/cc 이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1985

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 임간혼파초지(林間混播草地)에서 3 요소(要素) 시비수준(施肥水準)이 목초(牧草)의 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 조섬유(粗纖維) 및 무기성분함량(無機成分含量)과 임간지(林間地)에서 자란 나무의 생장(生長)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하고자 차광정도(遮光程度) $40{\sim}50%$인 수영(樹齡) $10{\sim}15$년생(年生)의 소나무지대에서 실시(實施)되었다. 4. 시험(試驗)은 13가지 NPK 시비수준을 달리하여 난괴법 3반복으로 배치되었으며, 1984년도(年度) 수원 근교 임간지에서 수행된 시험(試驗)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 목초중(牧草中) 조단백질함량(粗蛋白質含量)과 총단백질량(總蛋白質量)은 대체로 질소시비수준이 표준비 이상일 때 높았으며, 3 요소 무비구와 질소무비구에서 가장 낮았고, 인산과 칼리가 단백질함량에 미치는 영향은 작았다. 2. 조섬유함량중(粗纖維含量中) lignin과 silica함량은 3 요소 시비수준이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으나 (P<0.05), NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 hemicellulose함량은 시비수준별(施肥水準別) 유의성 있는 차이가 없었다. 조섬유함량(粗纖維含量)과 소화율(消化率)은 질소시비에 의해 영향을 받았으며, 인산과 칼리시비의 영향은 작았다. 3. 목초(牧草)의 무기성분함량중(無機成分含量中) N, K 및 $SiO_2$ 함량은 시비수준별(施肥水準別) 차이가 있었으나, P, Ca, Mg 및 Na 함량은 시비수준별 차이가 없었다. 4. 각 시비수준별(施肥水準別) NPK 비료회수율(肥料回收率)은 표준비시용에서 가장 높았고, 그 이상의 시비수준(施肥水準)에서는 낮았으며, $K_2O>N>P_2O_5$순(順)이었다. 5. 나무생장(生長)도 3 요소(要素) 시비수준(施肥水準)이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 목초(牧草)에 미치는 영향과 마찬가지로 질소시비의 영향이 크고, 인산과 칼리시비의 영향은 작았다. 6. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)하여 볼 때 목초중(牧草中) 단백질(蛋白質), 조섬유(粗纖維) 및 무기성분함량(無機成分含量)과 나무생장(生長)에서는 질소시비(施肥)의 영향이 가장 컸으며, 임간초지(林間草地)에서 목초(牧草)의 품질(品質)을 높이고, 양질(良質)의 목초(牧草)를 가축에게 급여하기 위해서는 표준비시용(標準肥施用)($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=28-20-24kg/10a$)이 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.196-200
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• 1997

Glasshouse investigations were carried out to investigate the development and yield of Atylosia scarabeoides on soils of the northern guinea savanah zone of Nigeria. Seeds were sown at four rates 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg/ha. Single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer was applied at sowing at four rates 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha. Seeding (plant) population at one month and at harvest was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by seeding rate but not fertilizer level. Fresh herbage yield was strongly (p < 0.01) dependent on fertilizer level, with the highest (not significant) dry matter yield at 90 kg SSP/ha. Seeding rate had no significant effects on herbage yield. The crude protein content of herbage rose with increase in fertilizer level although there were no significant differences between the various seeding and phosphorus rates. No significant interactions were observed between seeding rate and phosphorus lever. The yields were generally high, indicating good prospects for pasture development with A. scarabeoides in the zone, although field trials would be of benefit.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1999

Effect of three major cropping seasons and five fertilizer treatments on botanical composition, nutritional composition and in sacco digestibility of native grasses grown in 30 experimental plots of a medium fertile land was determined. It was observed that all the major grass species were grown in all seasons but their predominancy of growth was different. During the study the predominant grass species were Panicum repens (Angta), Fimvristylis miliacea (Joina), Cyanolis axillaries (Kanainala), Cynodon dactylon (Durba) and Cyperus iria (Phulchaise) which contributed about 27, 20, 13, 11 and 9% of the total grass yield, respectively. Dry matter (DM) contents was higher in dry followed by monsoon and summer seasons (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) content in the summer and monsoon appeared to be higher (p<0.05) than that of dry season. Organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were higher (p<0.05) in dry and monsoon than in summer season. Application of urea fertilizer and cowdung increased 28.2% of CP content of the grasses, but decreased 19.5 and 9.8% of DM and NDF contents, respectively. The potential degradation of DM and CP of the grasses grown in summer were 4.1 and 8.4% and 3.9 and 5.8% higher than those of monsoon and dry seasons, respectively, and both of these increased (11.3 and 5.9%, respectively) with the application of cowdung and urea fertilizer.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.819-825
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• 2016

Monitoring of soil fertility and crop productivity in long-term application of silicate fertilizers is necessary to use fertilizers efficiently. This study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous application of silicate fertilizer for rice cultivation from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) and silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S). The 46-yr input of $2\;ton\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ of silicate fertilizer increased pH 0.6 ~ 1.1 and exchangeable Ca $2.0{\sim}2.4cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) compared with no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) because silicate fertilizer included Ca component. Also, available silicate concentrations of silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) increased $169mg\;kg^{-1}$ compared to no silicate fertilizer treatments. In Period II ('90~'14), the mean annual Si field balance varied from 62 to $175kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments, indicating continuous accumulation of soil Si. Silicon uptake and grain yield of rice had greater differences between N treatment and N+S treatment than other treatments. This showed that the application of silicate fertilizer had greater effect in nutrient-poor soils than in proper nutrient soils. Thus the application of silicate fertilizer led to improvement the fertility of soil and increasement of rice production for the lack of soil nutrients.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.588-592
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• 2015

Soil testing is one of the major strategies for establishing sustainable agricultural practice as it analyzes nutrient contents of soil and determines the amount of nutrients required for crop growth. Soil testing for the field cultivating regional major crops in Korea has been conducting by National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), provincial agricultural research & extension services and agriculture technology centers since 2000. 1,006,227 soil samples were analyzed and uploaded on Korean soil information system (http://soil.rda.go.kr) from 2003 to 2013. Soil pH has changed from 6.1 to 6.2. Organic matter (OM), available (Avail.) phosphate and exchangeable (Exch.) K have decreased from 24 to $23gkg^{-1}$, 541 to $399mgkg^{-1}$ and 0.90 to $0.72cmol_ckg^{-1}$ between 2003 and 2013, respectively. Especially, Exch. Ca contents decreased to $5.7cmol_ckg^{-1}$ in 2009 and increased to $6.2cmol_ckg^{-1}$ in 2013. Ratios of optimal ranges for cropping were 48% for pH, 22% for OM, 26% for Avail. phosphate, and 23, 16, 22% for Exch. K, Ca and Mg in 2013. Ratios of optimal ranges for pH increased and low ranges for OM, Avail. phosphate and Exch. K increased. Frequency distribution was 64% for pH 5.5~7.0, 65% for OM $10{\sim}30gkg^{-1}$, 48% for Avail. phosphate under $300mgkg^{-1}$ and 23, 29, 22% for Exch. K 0.2~0.6, Ca 4.0~6.0 and Mg $1.0{\sim}1.5cmol_ckg^{-1}$.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1993

1971~1989년(年)에 수행(遂行)된 기존시비량 시험성적(試驗成績)을 종합(綜合)하여 보리, 대두(大豆), 옥수수, 마늘, 양파 및 감자의 6개작물(個作物)에 대한 3요소(要素) 비료(肥料)의 수량반응(收量反應)을 검토(檢討)하였으며, 아울러 토양(土壤)의 화학성분(化學成分) 검정치(檢定値)와 시비량(施肥量)과의 관계(關係)를 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 3요소구(要素區) 수량(收量) 100에 대한 각요소(各要素) 결제구(缺除區) 수량지수(收量指數)는 작물간(作物間)에 차이(差異)가 있어서 질소(窒素) 43~92, 인산(燐酸) 71~94, 가리(加里) 88~96이었으며, 결제구(缺除區) 수량지수(收量指數)로 본 비효(肥效)는 질소(窒素)의 경우 보리, 감자 및 옥수수, 인산(燐酸)은 개간지토양(開墾地土壤)에서 재배(栽培)한 보리와 대두(大豆), 가리(加里)는 감자 및 보리에서 현저(顯著)하였다. 2. 3요소(要素) 시비적정량(施肥適正量)은 질소(窒素) 4.0~23.2, 인산(燐酸) 6.0~45.0, 가리(加里) 6.6~21.9kg/10a로서 토양(土壤) 및 작물간(作物間)에 차이(差異)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 3. 3요소(要素) 시비효율(施肥效率)은 토양별(土壤別)로 보면 기경지가 개간지(開墾地)보다 높으며 작물별(作物別)로는 감자, 양파>보리, 옥수수>대두(大豆) 순(順)으로 높았다. 4. 시험전(試驗前) 토양(土壤)의 유기물(有機物)과 질소시비량(窒素施肥量), 토양(土壤)의 유효인산(有效燐酸)과 인산시비량(燐酸施肥量), 토양(土壤)의 치환성(置換性) 가리(加里)와 가리시비량(加理施肥量)과의 관계(關係)에서 부(負)의 직선(直線) 내지 곡선(曲線) 회귀식(回歸式)을 구(求)할 수 있어서 양파를 제외(除外)한 5개(個) 작물(作物)의 재배(栽培)를 위한 적정량(適正量)의 시비추천(施肥推薦)이 가능(可能)하였다. 5. 토양검정치(土壤檢定値)를 기준(基準)하여 추천(推薦)된 시비량(施肥量)을 8개(個) 작물재배지역(作物栽培地域)에 적용(適用)하므로 인산(燐酸) 11.8~80.0%, 가리(加里) 0~62.5%의 절감(節減)이 가능(可能)하였으나, 질소(窒素)는 작물재배지역(作物栽培地域)에 따라서는 감비(減肥)는 물론 증비(增肥)도 필요(必要)하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

In order to compare phosphorus (P) behavior of livestock manure compost (LMC) and chemical fertilizer (CF) applied to the sea-reclaimed land soils, incubation experiments were conducted for five weeks. Four soils differing textural classes, sandy loam and clay loam, and electric conductivity (EC) value, high and low, were applied with CF and LMC. LMC was applied at the level of 0, 1, 2, and 3% on the soil weight basis and CF was applied at the same levels of P as LMC. The results showed that increase of P application rate of CF and LMC led to linearly increase available $P_2O_5$ and $0.01M\;CaCl_2$ extractable P contents regardless of soil texture and EC. However, 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P from soil applied with CF was significantly higher than with LMC. Correlation analysis between $0.01M-CaCl_2$ extractable P and fractionated P by different extraction methods showed that $0.01M-CaCl_2$ extractable P positively correlated with KCl-P (soluble and exchangeable P) and HCl-P (Ca and Mg bound P). However, NaOH-P (Fe and Al bound P and organic P) and residual P was adverse. The amount of NaOH-P significantly influenced to the amount of 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P of CF and LMC in the soils. The application of LMC at sandy loam soil could be carried out in the consideration of nutrient leaching and crop uptake.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.226-232
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• 1982

인산(燐酸)의 흡착능(吸着能)과 유효인산농도(有效燐酸濃度)를 동시(同時)에 고려(考慮)한 시용추천(施肥推薦)을 하기위하여 제안(提案)된 인산시용지수(燐酸施肥指數)(PFI) 법(法)이 우리나라 토양(土壤)에서도 적용가능(適用可能)한지를 검토하기 위해 야산지(野山地), 숙전지토양(熟田地土壤) 및 논토양(土壤)으로 검토 한결과(結果), 1. 밭토양(土壤)에 있어 시용인산량별(施用燐酸量別) 1N $NH_4OA_c$ (pH4.8) 침출(浸出) 인산량(燐酸量)은 대체로 인산흡수계수가 적은 토양(土壤)일수록 많고 흡수계수가 클수록 적었으나 토양(土壤)에 따라 상이(相異)한 경우도 있었다. 2. $NH_4OA_c$ 및 Bray No 1 침출(浸出) 인산농도곡선(燐酸濃度曲線)의 평방근치(平方根値)와 시용인산량간(施用燐酸量間)에는 대부분(大部分) 직선관계이나 곡선관계를 보이는 토양(土壤)도 있었다. 3. 인산흡수계표와 PFI와는 상관관계가 높지 못하였다. 4. PFI와 토양성분(土壤成分)과의 관련은 밭토양중(土壤中) 야산(野山) 및 숙전(熟田)에서 Al함량(含量)과 높은 상관을 보였으며 야산(野山) 지토양(地土壤)에서 Al의 역할(役割)이 더욱 컸고 논토양(土壤)에서는 활성부 함량(含量)과 상관이 높아 이들 성분(成分)으로 PFI 추정(推定)이 가능(可能)하였다.