• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship among the life style, body composition, and BMD in female college students. Method: For this study, 320 female college students aged 18 through 35 were sampled. Data were collected from June to September, 2007. The BMD was measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, body composition with the Body Composition Analyzer, and stature was also taken. Results: Our findings indicated that the relationship among the life style, body composition and BMD significantly varied and that meal times (F=3.318, p= .038) and muscle mass (r= .240, p< .001) and fat-free mass (r= .233, p< .001) showed a significant positive relationship with BMD. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that optimal levels of the fat-free mass and muscle mass should be maintained. Since a decrease in the quantity of bones is expected to cause health issues for women after menopause, it is necessary to reduce risk factors including the unhealthy life style of college women that may lead to osteoporosis, and to introduce preventive nursing interventions against osteoporosis.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2013

Bioimpedance involves a lot of information related to living tissue. If there is alteration in bio tissue, its electrical characteristics also change. It is to study electrical characteristics of pork tenderlion in using a HP-4194A Impedance/Gain-phase analyzer instrument and electrical characteristics changes by graded radiation exposure dose. The results were as follow 1. Electrical characteristics of pork tenderlion in repeated measurement had high precision within ${\pm}5$% of coefficiency of variability. 2. During the measurement impedance absolute value and phase alteration did not show statistically significant difference.(p>0.05) 3. While impedance phase of electrical characteristics associated with frequency change was almost stable, impedance absolute value was in inverse proportion to frequency that means high inverse correlation of -0.096(r). 4. Impedance absolute value dropped in radiation exposure dose. The alteration of the value did not show statistically significant difference in 1 Gy, 2 Gy and 4 Gy.(p>0.05) However in radiation exposure dose of 10 Gy, the decrease of impedance absolute value was significantly different.(p<0.05) 5. Impedance phase according to radiation exposure dose change did not show statistically significant difference in 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 10 Gy(p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.780-786
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• 2012

A trenching method was used to determine the contribution of root respiration to soil respiration in Quercus acutissima forest in the vicinity of Gongju, Chungnam Province, Korea. $CO_2$ efflux in soil respiration plot($R_{control}$, $R_c$) and microblal respiration plot($R_{trenched}$, $R_t$) in Q. acutissima forest were measured from June 2011 to May 2012 by using IRGA soil respiration analyzer. Seasonal $CO_2$ efflux in $R_c$ and $R_t$ were higher in summer season than in winter season. In August, maximun $CO_2$ efflux in $R_c$ and $R_t$ was 1.345 and 0.897 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. $CO_2$ efflux in $R_t$ was lower by 33.31% than that in $R_c$(P<0.05). In January, $CO_2$ efflux in $R_c$ and $R_t$ was 0.097 and 0.032g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. $CO_2$ efflux in $R_t$ was lower by 67.01% than that in $R_c$(P<0.01). The amount of annual $CO_2$ efflux from $R_c$ and $R_t$ was 4.320, 2.834kg $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. There was a significant correlations between soil temperatures and soil respiration. Contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration in this Q. acutissima forest was 34.40%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.504-514
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the emulsifying properties of concentrated red ginseng extract (CRGE). First, we determined the interfacial tension of CRGE at the oil-water interface. Second, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with CRGE and then their physicochemical properties such as fat globule size, zeta-potential, dispersion stability, and microscopic characteristics were determined. It was found that interfacial tension gradually decreased with increasing CRGE concentration, indicative of some surface activity. In emulsions, fat globule size was decreased as CRGE concentration increased, showing a critical value ($d_{43}$ ≒ $0.39{\mu}m$) at ${\geq}3.5wt%$ of CRGE. In addition, pH and NaCl also influenced on fat globule sizes; they were increased in acidic conditions ($pH{\leq}3$) or in higher NaCl concentration (${\geq}0.4M$) and these results were interpreted in view of the change in zeta potentials. The dispersion stability by separation analyzer ($LUMiFuge^{(R)}$) showed that it was more stable in emulsions with higher CRGE concentration (i.e., ${\geq}3.5wt%$). In conclusion, CRGE was surface-active and it could be used as an emulsifier in preparation of food emulsions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

Docetaxel-loaded liposomes were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method, then coated with chitosan at room temperature and lyophilized. This system was designed in order to improve solubility and stability of docetaxel in the GI tract for oral drug delivery. The solubilizing effect of some frequently used solubilizers and/or liposome was determined. Among the results docetaxel-loaded liposomes prepared with 0.5% TPGS as a solubilizer showed 100-fold higher solubility than docetaxel. In a stability test, mean particle size of different liposome formulations was measured by a particle size analyzer in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The particle size of uncoated liposomes was significantly increased compared with that of chitosan-coated liposomes in SGF, however, there was no significant difference between coated and uncoated liposome in SIF. It is evident that chitosan-coated liposomes were more stable in GI conditions. The release characteristics of docetaxel-loaded liposomes were also investigated in three buffer solutions (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8). Docetaxel release did not occur in pH 1.2 for 4 hrs. However, in pH 4.0 and 6.8 conditions, docetaxel was gradually released over 24 hrs as a sustained release. It seems that aggregation and precipitation of particles by electrostatic interaction might protect docetaxel from being released. In Conclusion, the results from this study show that the chitosan-coated liposomes may be useful in enhancing solubility and GI stability of docetaxel.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.113-116
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• 2004

We developed internal and external type sensor to measure ultra-high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) in 170 kV gas-insulated switchgears (GIS). We also manufactured a PD-generator to verify and measure the detection sensitivity of those sensors. We measured the output power of the UHF PD sensors induced by PDs of 5 pC using the PD-generator. We measured UHF propagation loss of an 170 kV GIS for optimal arrangement of the sensors. We used swept UHF signal from a network analyzer into the GIS to measure the loss of various components of the GIS.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.190-199
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of bone mineral density (BMD) and to explain the factors influencing BMD among female college students in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 144 college women. Lifestyle factors were determined by self-report questionnaire. Body composition was measured by body composition analyzer and bone mineral density was measured by ultrasound bone densitometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows, version 19.0. Results: The mean BMD at calcaneus site was 0.56$g/cm^2$ (mean T-score=-0.22). The incidence of osteopenia was 21.5%. Factors predicting BMD were menarche age (r=-.22, p=.009) and height (r=-.18, p=.030) with 7% of explained variance. Conclusion: These results suggest that health care professionals need to provide young women with program that is intended to affect their intention toward osteoporosis preventive behavior change.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship among bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and osteoporosis self-efficacy and to identify predictors of BMD in female nursing students. Method: Participants were 154 nursing students. Osteoporosis self-efficacy was determined by a self-report questionnaire. BMD was measured by ultrasound bone densitometry and body composition by a body composition analyzer. Data were collected between April 1 and 27, 2013 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 18.0. Results: Mean BMD at the calcaneus site was $0.58{\pm}1.31$ (T-score). Incidence of osteopenia was 11.7%. Percentage of body fat (PBF)-defined obesity had higher prevalence than body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity. BMD had significant positive correlations with skeletal muscle mass (r=.226, p=.005) and fat free mass (r=.225, p=.005). The factor predicting BMD was skeletal muscle mass with 4.7% of explained variance. Conclusion: Study results indicate that of body composition components, skeletal muscle mass is the prime predicting factor for BMD. Thus to promote healthy bones, it is important to strengthen the muscles using a program, based on balanced development of all muscles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1173-1177
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• 2011

In this study wool follicle characteristics of Iranian sheep breeds were investigated. A total of 242 male and female sheep of different age from 5 breeds were studied. Samples of skin were taken from the right midside to determine follicle characteristics. Overall averages for males and females were $3.7{\pm}0.1$ and $3.5{\pm}0.1$ for S/P ratio; $3.2{\pm}0.1$ and $3.6{\pm}0.1$ for primary follicle density; $12.1{\pm}0.7$ and $13.8{\pm}0.4$ for secondary follicle density; $15.3{\pm}0.7$ and $17.4{\pm}0.4$ for total primary plus secondary follicle density; $2.3{\pm}0.2$ and $3.5{\pm}0.3$ for percentage of inactive secondary follicles. Significant differences were found in some follicle characteristics between sheep breeds. Results of this study showed that sheep breeds raised in different parts of Iran characterized by a low S/P ratio and follicle density could be classed as carpet wool breeds.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop an ozone passive sampler and to evaluate its performance p-Acetamidophenol using as the reagent for ozone reacts specifically with the ambient ozone to produce a fluorescence material (p-acetamidopheonl dimer). The volume of absorbent solution and the extraction time determined at suitable conditions for measuring ozone were 100$\mu$L and 60 min, respectively. The changes of fluorescence were observed with incresing the storage period of passive samplers in ambient air. but the cool storage in a refrigerator did not remarkably influence the increase of fluorescence. The measurement for the precision oi the passive sampling was carried out with duplicate measurement of passive samplers. The intra-class correlation coefficients of passive samplers using dry and wet filters were 0.992 and 0.962, respectively The results from field validation tests indicated practical agreement (dry filter: r=0.963, wet filter: r=0.995) between the passive sampler and an UV photometric $O_3$ analyzer. The limit of quantification of ozone passive samplers with sampling time of 8 hr (wet filter) and 24 hr (dry filter) were 8.0 ppb and 2.7 ppb, respectively.