• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2003

N crassa mutant strain nap showed reduced growth rate, decreased electric membrane potential, and elevated intracellular ATP content in comparison to the wild type. Blue light induced a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential in both strains. The analysis of oxidative and phosphorylation activities of mitochondria isolated from the two strains has revealed that nap utilized more efficient oxidative pathways. The higher intracellular ATP content in the nap was presumably due to impaired transport systems of the plasma membrane, and to a lesser extent to the functioning of the fully competent respiratory chain. The excess ATP possibly accounts for carotenoid accumulation in the mutant.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-1
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• pp.108-111
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• 2003

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. While its precise etiology is unknown, such factors as oxidative stress, impairment of mitochondrial respiration, excitotoxicity and inflammation may play roles in its pathogenesis. Although the role of apoptosis in the process of dopaminergic neuronal death has been highlighted in studies using postmortem brains and experimental models of PD, other evidence implicates both apoptosis and non-apoptotic death in PD. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2019

We attempted to examine anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of 4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GOMV), the first epigenetic inhibitor of histone phosphorylation at Ser10. While GOMV did not affect the viability of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, it significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced generation of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and nitric oxide (NO) through transcriptional inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GOMV also scavenged free radicals in vitro, increased NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and activated antioxidant response element (ARE), thereby resulting in the induction of phase II cytoprotective enzymes in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Finally, GOMV significantly protected HaCaT cells against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced oxidative intracellular damages. Together, our results illustrate that GOMV possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2021

Since its discovery in 1780, lactate has long been misunderstood as a waste by-product of anaerobic glycolysis with multiple deleterious effects. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, a paradigm shift began to occur. Increasing evidence indicates that lactate is a coordinator of whole-body metabolism. Lactate is not only a readily accessible fuel that is shuttled throughout the body but also a metabolic buffer that bridges glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation between cells and intracellular compartments. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells and tissues, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, accounting for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.

• 약학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.12-29
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• 1964

The oral administration of deer horn extract was proved to cause a considerable amelioration to the impairment of hepatic oxidative phosphorylation and to the decrease of ATP content in liver tissue induced by cholesterol ingestion. Deer horn extract was shown to accelerate considerably incorporation of acetate-1-C$^{14}$ into cholesterol in liver tissue and it tends to restore a decrease of GOT activity of liver tissue, caused by cholesterol administration. Histological examination showed that deer horn extract had a remarkable preventive effect against fatty infiltration of organs such as liver, heart, spleen, and adrenal gland of cholesterol given rabbits.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2013

Portulaca oleracea L. is known to have many biological benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-tumor. The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of P. oleracea L. against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. P. oleracea L. 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions have the potent neroprotective effects on glutamate-induced nerotoxicity by induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in HT22 cells. Especially, ethyl acetate fraction showed higher protective effect. In HT22 cell, P. oleracea L. treatment with ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) reduced P. oleracea L. ethyl acetate fraction induced HO-1 expression and P. oleracea L. ethyl acetate fraction also increased ERK and JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that treatment of P. oleracea L. caused the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of 70% ethanol extract of P. oleracea L. significantly protect glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2, ERK and JNK pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22. Taken together these finding suggest that P. oleracea L. ethyl acetate fraction is good source for taking active compounds and may be a potential therapeutic agent for brain disorder that induced by oxidative stress and neuronal damage.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a novel tumor suppressor that function in the nucleus and the cytoplasm and appears to be involved in the regulation of transcription and translation. Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic foci at which untranslated mRNAs accumulate when cells exposed to environmental stresses. Since PDCD4 has implicated in translation repression through direct interaction with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), we here investigated if PDCD4 has a functional role in the process of SG assembly under oxidative stresses. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that PDCD4 is localized to SGs under oxidative stresses. Next, we tested if knockdown of PDCD4 has an effect on the assembly of SG using PDCD4-specific siRNA. Interestingly, SG assembly was accelerated and this effect was caused by sensitization of phosphorylation of eIF2α and dephosphorylation of eIF4E binding protein (4E-BP). These results suggest that PDCD4 has an effect on SG dynamics and possibly involved in cap-dependent translation repression under stress conditions.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.1306-1313
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 LPS로 자극된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 Sapindus mukorossi 열매 추출물(SME)의 항산화 효능을 확인하는 것이다. 그 결과, SME가 LPS로 자극된 RAW264.7 세포에서 ROS 생성을 현저하게 감소시켰고 전염증성 단백질인 COX-2 및 iNOS의 발현을 억제하였다. 또한 SME는 HO-1 및 Nrf2 발현을 상향 조절하였고 Akt 및 GSK-3β의 인산화를 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 SME가 Nrf2/HO-1 신호전달 경로의 활성화를 통하여 산화적 스트레스를 완화시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress causes cell damage and death, which contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Urolithin A (UA), a gut microbial-derived metabolite of ellagitannins and ellagic acid, has high bioavailability and various health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unknown whether it has protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell death. We investigated whether UA ameliorates H₂O₂-induced neuronal cell death. MATERIALS/METHODS: We induced oxidative damage with 300 μM H₂O₂ after UA pretreatment at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM in SK-N-MC cells. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were determined using the CCK-8 assay. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using a 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to characterize morphological changes in apoptotic cells. The expressions of apoptosis proteins were measured using Western blotting. RESULTS: UA significantly increased cell viability and decreased intracellular ROS production in a dose-dependent manner in SK-N-MC cells. It also decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the expressions of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP. In addition, it suppressed the phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS: UA attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via inhibiting the mitochondrial-related apoptosis pathway and modulating the p38 MAPK pathway, suggesting that it may be an effective neuroprotective agent.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2004

Backgrounds & Objectives : The water extract of Gyungokgo (GOG) has traditionally been used for treatment of general weakness and hemoptysis in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of GOG rescues cells from these damages. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of GOG on H2O2­induced cell death in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Methods : In this study, we used H9c2 cells. Cells were treated with oxidative stress in the absence and presence of 1000㎍/ml GOG for 12hrs. Cells were treated with various concentrations of GOG for 12hrs. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Oxidative stress, which markedly decreased the viability of H9c2 cells, was characterized by apparent apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation as well as fragmentation of genomic DNA and nuclei. Results : GOG significantly reduced H₂O₂-induced cell death and apoptotic characteristics. The cotreatment of GOG and H₂O₂ in H9c2 cells also induced the phosphorylation of ERKs in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, PD098059, a MEK1 (upstream activator of ERK) inhibitor attenuated the protective effect of GOG on H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that MEK/ERK pathways play important roles in the protective effects of GOG in H9c2 cells. Taken together, they suggest that the protective effects of the water extracts of GOG against oxidative damages may be mediated by the regulation of HO-1, Fas/FasL and Bcl-XS proteins.