• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2006

In this study, antioxidant activities of enzymatic and methanolic extracts from E. cava stem and leave were evaluated by measuring the scavenging activities on 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and the inhibitory effects on DNA damage induced by oxidative stress of cells. Enzymatic extracts were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of both stem and leave using food grade five different carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl, Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme, Alcalase). The enzymatic extracts were lower than methanolic extracts in polyphenol contents, but higher in extraction yield by approximately 30%. The enzymatic extracts were superior to methanolic extracts in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities and DNA damage protective effect. There were no significant antioxidant activity difference between stem and leave, but the extracts of leave were relatively better than those of stem. In this study it is suggested that E. cava stem as well as its leave would be a good raw materials for antioxidants compound extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis would be a good strategy to prepare antioxidant extracts from seaweeds.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2007

Neuronal ischemia is a pathological process caused by a lack of oxygen (anoxia) and glucose (hypoglycemia), resulting in neuronal death. It is believed that apoptosis is one of the mechanisms involved in ischemic cell death. Neuronal apoptosis is a process characterized by nuclear DNA fragmentation, changes of plasma membrane organization. To elucidate the mechanism of neuronal death following ischemic insult and to develop neuroprotective effects of Daebowonjeon(DBWJ) against ischemic damage, in vitro models are used. In vitro models of cell death have been devloped with pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell, which have become widely used as neuronal models of oxidative stress, trophic factor, serum deprivation and chemical hypoxia. Using a special ischemic device and PC12 cultures, we investigated an in vitro model of ischemia based on combined Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD) insult, followed by reoxygenation, mimicking the pathological conditions of ischemia. In this study, Daebowonjeon rescued PC12 cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner The nuclear staining of PC12 cells clearly showed that DBWJ attenuated nuclear condensation and fragmentation which represent typical neuronal apoptotic characteristics. DBWJ also prevents the LDH release and induction of Hypoxia Inducing Factor (HIF)-1 by OGD-exposed PC12 cells. Furthermore, DBWJ reduced the activation of polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) by OGO-exposed PC12 cells. These results suggest that apoptosis is an important characteristic of OGD-induced neuronal death and that oriental medicine, such as DBWJ, may prevent PC12 cell from OG D-induced neuronal death by inhibiting the apoptotic process.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2221-2224
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• 2013

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes involved in the detoxification of a wide range of chemicals, including important environmental carcinogens, as well as chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study 294 acute leukemia cases, comprising 152 of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 142 of acute myeloid leukemia, and 251 control samples were analyzed for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms through multiplex PCR methods. Significantly increased frequencies of GSTM1 null genotype (M0), GSTT1 null genotype (T0) and GST double null genotype (T0M0) were observed in the both ALL and AML cases as compared to controls. When data were analyzed with respect to clinical variables, increased mean levels of WBC, Blast %, LDH and significant reduction in DFS were observed in both ALL and AML cases with T0 genotype. In conclusion, absence of both GST M & GST T might confer increased risk of developing ALL or AML. The absence of GST enzyme might lead to oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage resulting in genomic instability, a hallmark of acute leukemia. The GST enzyme deficiency might also exert impact on clinical prognosis leading to poorer DFS. Hence GST genotyping can be made mandatory in management of acute leukemia so that more aggressive therapy such as allogenic stem cell transplantation may be planned in the case of patients with a null genotype.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2000

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of Gokajisilsosiho-Tang(GJST) on the lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) release, cell viability and activity, lipid peroxidation, DNA synthesis and the changes of total protein synthesis and GSH changes in vivo and in vitro in rat cultured hepatocytes from hydrogen peroxide$(H_2O_2)$-induced injury. The GJST extract had not an effect on cytotoxicity in all experimental results. The treatment of GJST extract of $160{\mu}g/ml$, $320{\mu}g/ml$ showed the significant effect to decrease LDH leakage induced by t-BHP in cultured rat hepatocytes. The higher concentration of GJST extract than $160{\mu}g/ml$, showed the inhibitory effect on decreasing cell viability induced by t-BHP. The treatment of t-BHP to rat cultured hepatocytes resulted in a concentration dependent increase in TBARS, in the presence of GJST extract the production of TBARS induced by hydrogen peroxide was inhibited concentration dependently, significantly inhibited at $80{\mu}g/ml$ of GJST extract and above. The GJST extract simutaneously present with t-BHP prevented the loss of total protein and GSH in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggested that GJST extract may play a hepatoprotective role in oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and a therapeutic potential of inhibiting liver injury.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to purify antioxidant substances from steamed squid extract (SSE). The yield of SSE was 8% by dry weight. The approximate compositions of SSE proteins, lipids, moisture, carbohydrate and ash were 64.95%, 1.69%, 7.23%, 4.44% and 21.69%, respectively. The major amino acids in SSE were taurine (29.17%), glycine (20.33%), alanine (12.51%), and glutamic acid (9.83%). Antioxidant activities were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, which was measured as 24.7% at 1.0 mg/mL. Four SSE fractions were isolated by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography; the F2 fraction showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The F2 fraction was separated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an octadecylsilane (ODS) column, yielding a purified antioxidant substance with a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 64.41% at 1.0 mg/mL, representing a 2.64-fold increase in the scavenging activity of SSE purified by the 3-step procedure. The amino acid compositions showed that purified SSE was rich in taurine, glycine, glutamic acid and alanine. The purified SSE significantly elevated 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluororescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence probe, which confirms its effective radical scavenging potential in cellular ROS. In addition, the SSE significantly inhibited oxidative damage of purified genomic DNA. These results suggest that a purified antioxidant substance from SSE can be used as a potential natural compound-based antioxidant in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.341-344
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• 2005

The expression of the glutathione S-transferase (GST), whose induction accounts for antioxidant defense system, is regulated by activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\beta}$ ($C/EBP{\beta}$), Sick house syndrome (SHS) presents healthy damage owing to the indoor environment of a building. Toluene has been implicated in one of the important causes of SHS. The present study investigated the effects of toluene treatment on the induction of GSTA2 gene and its mechanism. H411E cells treated with toluene, and GSTA2 expression was determined by immunoblot analysis. The translocation of $C/EBP{\beta}$ was assessed by immunocytochemical assays. $C/EBP{\beta}$ DNA binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The role of the C/EBP binding site in the induction of the GSTA2 gene was assessed by luciferase reporter-gene activity. Toluene induced GSTA2 protein expression. In toluene-treated cells, $C/EBP{\beta}$ translocated to the nucleus and bound to the consensus sequence of C/EBP (TTGCGCAA). Toluene treatment increased luciferase reporter-gene activity in cells transfected with the C/EBP-containing regulatory region of the GSTA2 gene. Oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in the induction of GSTA2 gene by toluene This study shows that toluene-induced GSTA2 gene expression is dependent upon nuclear translocation and binding of $C/EBP{\beta}$ to the C/EBP response element in the GSTA2 gene promoter.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4945-4949
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in Egyptian females. Nrf2 is involved in oxidative stress while P73 functions in response to DNA damage. This study aimed to assess the role of Nrf2 promoter and P73 G4C14 to A4T14 SNPs in breast cancer in Egypt. Patients: Eighty-five female patients with breast tumours (41 malignant, 44 benign) were included. Nrf2 (rs6721961) and p73 (G4A) SNPs were determined by PCR- CTPP assay. Results: Genotype frequencies of the Nrf2 promoter SNP were 34.2% and 37.9% for AA in benign and malignant groups respectively, and 43.9% and 40.5% for CC and, 21.9 % and 21.6% for CA. Genotype frequencies for the P73 G4A SNP were 52.9% and 44.7% for GA in benign and malignant groups respectively, and 47.1% and 55.3% for GG. Discussion: Nrf2 genotypes in pre - and post-menopausal patients, showed significantly different distributions in the 2 patient groups, the AA genotype being significantly more common in pre-menopausal patients. The P73 G4A SNP showed no relation to age of disease onset. Conclusion: The Nrf2 (rs6721961) AA genotype might be related to early breast cancer onset. In contrast the P73 G4A polymorphism showed no relation to either disease risk or age at presentation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.803-809
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body which could therefore exert an influeence. Purpose: Aim of this study was to determine the role of serum arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between (PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities in CRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragment analysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55M polymorphism. Results: Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patients and controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was more frequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there were significant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE were low in QQ and MM genotype. Conclusions: serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.868-869
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.17-30
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• 2005

Lycopene is the red-coloured carotenoid predominantly found in tomato fruit and one of the major carotenoids in the diets of North American and Europeans. Interest in lycopene is growing rapidly following the recent publication of its effects as a natural antioxidant and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancers. Lycopene, a polyene hydrocarbon carotenoid haying 13 double bond, of which 11 are conjugated double bonds in a linear array exhibits a strong antioxidant property almost twice as strong as that of ${\beta}$-carotene. Lycopene has been shown in recent epidemiological and experimental studies to protect against oxidative damage of DNA which plays an important part in development of various cancer. Lycopene also contribute towards reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases by preventing oxidation of low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This review summarize our knowledge and the current understanding of lycopene in human health as well as the results of experiments we conducted. We conducted experiments for investigating the effects of antioxidant in broiler and the possibilities of production of high quality eggs containing lycopene by the dietary lycopene supplementation with synthetic lycopene or tomato paste. The results shows that thiobarbituric acid reaction substances(TBARS) values in process of LDL oxidation in blood serum of broiler were significantly decreased by dietary lycopene and tomato paste. The dietary lycopene supplementation resulted in improved egg yolk color and in decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) of egg yolk after 4 wk of storage at room temperature significantly(P<0.05). The dietary tomato paste was more effective in the MDA reduction compared to the lycopene(P<0.05). The contents of lycopene in egg yolk of the lycopene supplementation groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.