• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.149-152
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• 2006

Dry sliding wear behavior of low carbon dual phase steel, of which microstructure consists of hard martensite in a ductile ferrite matrix, has been investigated. The wear characteristics of the dual phase steel was compared with that of a plain carbon steel which was normalized at $950^{\circ}C$ for 30min and then air-cooled. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disk type tester at various loads of 1N to 10N under a constant sliding speed condition of 0.2m/sec against an AISI 52100 bearing steel ball at room temperature. The sliding distance was fixed as 1000m for all wear tests. The wear rate was calculated by dividing the weight loss measured to the accuracy of $10^{-5}g$ by the specific gravity and sliding distance. The worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by SEM, EDS and a profilomter. Micro vickers hardness values of the cross section of worn surface were measured to analyze strain hardening behavior underneath the wearing surfaces. The were rate of the dual phase steel was lower than the plain carbon steel. Oxidation on the sliding surface and strain hardening were attributed for the higher wear resistance of the dual phase steel.

• 공업화학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2024

메탄은 풍부하고 재생 가능한 탄화수소이지만, 온실가스로서 지구 온난화를 발생시킨다. 따라서 메탄을 유용한 화학물질이나 에너지원으로의 변환이 필요하다. 메탄올은 메탄의 부분 산화 반응을 통해 합성할 수 있는 간단하고 풍부한화학물질이다. 메탄올은 화학 공급 원료나 수송 연료로 사용될 뿐만 아니라, 저온 연료 전지의 연료로도 적합하다. 그러나 메탄올의 전기화학 산화는 복잡하고 다단계의 반응이므로, 이 반응을 이해하고 최적화하기 위해서는 새로운 전기화학촉매와 반응 메커니즘의 연구가 필요하다. 본 총설에서는 메탄올 산화 반응 메커니즘 및 최근 연구 동향과 향후 연구 방향을 고찰하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.659-667
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• 2006

This research aims at applicability of adsorption process in order to satisfy the restricted Effluent Quality Standards for dyeing wastewater. The dyeing wastewater treated by biological process with carrier imbedded microorganisms was directly applied to the activated carbon adsorption in Process A, The dyeing wastewater treated by Fenton oxidation for the effluent of biological process was applied to the adsorption in Process B. It was found that the optimum conditions of adsorption with granular activated carbon are $20^{\circ}C$ and 120 minutes for the batch experiment. Langmuir equation was fitted better than Freundlich equation to the experimental data. The breakthrough time of adsorption column was determined by color rather than $COD_{Mn}$ for both Process A and Process B. The results revealed that the breakthrough time of adsorption for two processes was extended by the treatment of Fenton oxidation for dyeing wastewater treated by biological treatment than the direct application of dyeing wastewater treated by the biological treatment. Adsorption process can be applied in order to meet the restricted Effluent Quality Standards for dyeing wastewater.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

In the present study, the removal of Pb (II) ions on oxidized activated carbons (ACs) was investigated. ACs were derived from activation of indigenous cotton stalks waste with potassium hydroxide (KOH) in two-stage process. The KOH-ACs were subjected to liquid-phase oxidation with hot $HNO_3$ and one untreated sample was included for comparison. The obtained carbons were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), slurry pH and $N_2$-adsorption at 77 K, respectively. Adsorption capacity of Pb (II) ions on the resultant carbons was determined by batch equilibrium experiments. The experimental results indicated that the oxidation with nitric acid was associated with a significant increase in mass of yield as well as a remarkable reduction in internal porosity as compared to the untreated carbon. The AC-800N revealed higher adsorption capacity than that of AC-800, although the former sample exhibited low surface area and micropore volume. It was observed that the adsorption capacity enhancement attributed to pore widening, the generation of oxygen functional groups and potassium containing compounds leading to cation-exchange on the carbon surface. These results show that the oxidized carbons represented prospective adsorbents for enhancing the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 1997

대청호 원수를 취수하여 정수하는 대청수도에서 이취미를 제거하고 THM(Trihalomethanes) 발생량을 줄이기 위하여 기존 표준정수공정에 오존과 활성탄여과공정을 추가한 pilot plant 실험을 수행하였다. pilot 실험결과 표준정수공정에서 DOC(dissolved organic carbon)는 약 25% 제거되었으나, 오존공정에서는 거의 제거되지 않았고, 30일이 지난 후 GAC(granular activated carbon)에서는 약 75%까지 제거되는 것으로 나타났다. 표준정수공정에서 이취미는 약 30%, 오존산화공정에서 약 60%정도 제거되었고, 활성탄여과에서 대부분 제거되었으나, Column 1과 2에서는 DOC와 같이 이취미물질도 파과(breakthrough) 되는 것으로 나타났다. 전염소처리 대신에 중1, 2염소처리를 도입할 경우 전염소처리와 비교하여 약 25%정도의 THM발생량이 감소하였으며, 후염소처리만할 경우 약 30%까지 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2010

The effects of oxidation behavior on the hot ductility of plain carbon steels were investigated at various temperatures in order to simulate the continuous casting process more precisely, in which the process undergoes in air atmosphere rather than Ar atmosphere. The high temperature oxidation behavior and scale morphology of the carbon steels exposed to the air and Ar atmosphere at various temperatures were also investigated in order to assess the mechanism of the RA value decreasing in an air atmosphere. The RA values obtained from the air atmosphere were marked below 45% by the test temperature, except for over 1000${^{\circ}C}$, with the RA values remaining in low values in both the low and high temperature region, at which the RA values generally recovered in the Ar atmosphere. The surface roughness of the specimen was developed by external and internal oxidation when the specimen was deformed in an air atmosphere at high temperature, with the result being the stress concentrated at the roughness of the specimen surface, resulting in low RA values. The hot ductility in the air atmosphere was found to be likely controlled by the oxidation rate instead of the microstructures corresponding to test temperatures.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 1980

$SnO_2$, Sb-doped $SnO_2$>, 그리고 백금촉매하에서 일산화탄소의 산화반응을 연구하였다. $SnO_2$ 및 Sb-doped $SnO_2$ 촉매하에서 산화반응은 CO 및 $O_2$에 대해서 각각 1차, 백금 촉매하에서는 1/2차 반응에 따랐다. $SnO_2$에 소량의 Sb첨가(dopant composition : 0.05∼0.1mole%)는 반응속도를 증가시키고 그 이상의 첨가는 오히려 반응속도를 감소시켰다. 백금 촉매하의 산화반응에서는 일산화탄소의 농도가 증가함에 따라 반응속도가 오히려 감소하는 억제효과를 보여주었다. 각 촉매하에서 산화반응의 활성화에너지는 Sb-dopoped $SnO_2$ 촉매 (dopant compisito : 0.05 mole%)에서 5.7 kcal, 백금 촉매에서 6.4 kcal이었다. 실험적으로 얻은 반응차수와 doping 효과로부터 가능한 반응메카니즘을 제안하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

In this study, the thermal oxidation of raw natural rubber (NR) was investigated under controlled conditions by optical image and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The thermal oxidation was performed on a transparent thin film of raw NR coated on a KBr window in a dark chamber at 80℃ under low humidity conditions to completely exclude moisture and restrict light oxidation. Images of the thin film of raw NR were obtained before and after thermal oxidation. FT-IR absorption spectra were measured in the transmission mode at different thermal exposure times. The thermal oxidation of NR was examined by the changes in the absorption peaks at 3449, 1736, 1447, 1377, 1242, 1072, and 833 cm^-1, which corresponded to a hydroxyl group (-OH), a carbonyl group (-C=O) from an aldehyde and a ketone, a methylene group (-CH₂-), a methyl group (-CH₃), a carbon-oxygen single bond (-C-O) from an epoxide, a carbon-oxygen bond (-C-O) from an ether, an alcohol, a peroxide, or a cyclic peroxide, and a cis-methine group (cis-CCH₃=CH-), respectively. In the initial stage of thermal oxidation, two different types of free radicals were produced quickly and randomly by the homolytic cleavage of a double bond and allylic hydrogen abstraction. Aldehydes and ketones were formed from chain scissions of the double bonds and alcohols were produced from allylic hydrogen abstraction at the methylene or methyl groups. Two reactions seemed to proceed competitively with each other. At a later stage, oxidative crosslinks seemed to dominate through the combination of free radicals such as an allyl radical (CH=CHCH₂·), alkoxy radical (RO·), and peroxy radical (ROO·) and the reaction of a hydroperoxide (-ROOH) with a double bond. The image obtained after thermal oxidation showed hardening without cracks. Based on these observations, a plausible two-step mechanism was suggested for chain hardening caused by the thermal oxidation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1003-1008
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• 1995

CVD-Si3N4/CVD-SiC/pack-SiC/pyro-carbon/(3-D C/C composite) multilayer coating was performed to improve the oxdiation resistance and erosion resistance properteis of the 3-D carbon/carbon composite, and the plasma test was performed to measure the oxidation resistance and erosion resistance properties. The thicknesses of each film layer were about 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for pack-SiC, 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for CVD-SiC and 40${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for CVD-Si3N4. When the multilayer coated specimen was exposed to the plasma flame with temperature of 500$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds, it showed the weight loss five times less than that of the only pyro-carbon coated specimen.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 및 Fine pattern PCB 표면 처리 기술 워크샵
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• pp.158-159
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• 2011

In this work, The electrochemical behavior of CF/Al composite was investigated at constant current densities in aqueous solutions. The surface and cross section of PEO-treated CF/Al were observed using SEM, EDS and OM. The CF/Al composite contains carbon fibers of about 40 Vol.% with 5~7 um diameter and 100~150 um length. The carbon fibers appeared to b removed by anodic oxidation in sulfuric acid solution, leaving a carbon-fiber free zone in the surface region. Anodic oxide films were formed in the carbon-free region by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) method in alkaline solutions.