• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2018

Mitochondrial injury in renal tubule has been recognized as a major contributor in acute kidney injury (AKI) pathogenesis. Ischemic insult, nephrotoxin, endotoxin and contrast medium destroy mitochondrial structure and function as well as their biogenesis and dynamics, especially in renal proximal tubule, to elicit ATP depletion. Mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation (FAO) is the preferred source of ATP in the kidney, and its impairment is a critical factor in AKI pathogenesis. This review explores current knowledge of mitochondrial dysfunction and energy depletion in AKI and prospective views on developing therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.3007-3014
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• 1996

The instantaneous flame temperature and soot formation and oxidation in a D.I. diesel engine are measured using a two-color method. The proposed method based on the continuous spectral radiation from the soot particles in the flame is applicable to industrial diesel engines without major modifications of their main characteristics. Measurements are performed at one location inside the combustion chamber of a D.I. diesel engine. Effects of different engine speeds and loads on flame temperature and KL factor which is an index of soot concentration were examined. Little temperature change were observed with increasing rpm, while increased with loads. The higher the flame temperature is, the lower the KL factor is.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2018

Generally, berry fruits have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer effects. The effects of gooseberry, a berry fruits, on atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been widely examined. The aim of this present study is to investigate whether gooseberry modulates AD. We examined the pharmacological effects of gooseberry on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD symptoms in mice. To determine the anti-atopic mechanism of gooseberry, we investigated its effects on the production of inflammatory cytokines and activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ in PMA + ionophore -stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). The results demonstrated that gooseberry attenuated AD clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema and dryness as well as histamine and IgE serum levels in DNCB-induced AD model mice. Additionally, gooseberry suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ in stimulated HMC-1. These findings demonstrate that gooseberry is potential agent for treating AD and allergic inflammation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2013

4 가지 탄종(Gunvor, Glencore, Noble, ECM)의 촤 산화반응 특성을 $900^{\circ}C$에서 $1300^{\circ}C$까지의 노내온도와 대기압 조건에서 DTF(drop tube furnace)를 이용하여 실험하였다. 촤 반응률은 FT-IR 장비로 측정한 CO, $CO_2$ 농도와 이색온도계로 측정한 입자온도를 통해 계산되었고 고회분탄의 활성화에너지(E)와 pre-exponential 상수(A)는 아레니우스 방정식을 기초로 계산되었다. 실험 결과는 석탄의 회분 함량이 늘어남에 따라, 입자온도와 면적반응성이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 회분의 큰 열용량, 회분의 기화잠열과 상대적으로 적은 고정탄소의 함량으로 인한 연소성 저하로 사료된다. 결과적으로 고회분탄은 높은 활성화 에너지(E)를 가진다.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 일방향 탄소/탄소 복합재료에 산화억제제로 사용된 $MoSi_2$의 첨가량에 따른 복합재료의 부착력, 파괴인성 그리고 충격강도와의 관계를 고찰하였다. 산화억제제로 사용한 이규화 몰리브덴 (MoSi$_2$)은 복합재료의 내산화 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 각각 4, 12, 20wt%의 중량비로 페놀수지에 함침시켰다. 본 연구에 있어서 복합재료의 부착력은 접촉각 측정에 의한 Wilhelmy 방정식을 사용하여 계산하였다. 파괴인성과 충격강도는 임계 세기인자 측정을 위한 3점 굴곡 시험 방법과 Izod 충격시험에 의해 각각 측정하였다. 그 결과, $MoSi_2$가 첨가된 탄소/탄소 복합재료의 파괴인성과 충격강도는 증가하였다. 특허 l2wt%의 $MoSi_2$가 첨가된 복합재료가 London dispersive 요소($W_A\;^L$)의 증가에 의한 가장 큰 부착력을 나타내었으며, 이는 복합재료의 각 구성요소간의 계면결합력 증가에 따른 결과라 사료된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2018

Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim, and Enrofloxacin by ozone was experimentally investigated to observe the effects of background water quality (such as ultrapure water, humic acid, and biologically treated wastewater) and water temperature on the removal rate of these antibiotics, and, thereby, to be able to provide design information when the ozone treatment process is adopted. Initial concentrations of the antibiotics spiked to $10{\mu}g/L$, and the ozone dose was 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 mg/L. While the removal rate of Ciprofloxacin under ultrapure water background by ozone oxidation was over 99%, the removal rate under humic acid and biologically treated wastewater background was markedly lower, in the range of 49.3% ~ 99% and 19.8 % ~ 99 %, respectively. When water temperature is decreased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, the removal rate is reduced from the range of 19.8% ~ 99 % to the range of 7.5 % ~ 99 % under a biologically treated wastewater background. The effects of background and temperature on the removal rate of Trimethoprim and Enrofloxacin were similar to that of Ciprofloxacin, but the degree was different. Therefore, it is concluded that the background of water to be treated, as well as water temperature, should be taken into consideration when the design factor, such as ozone dose, is determined, so that the treatment objective of the ozone treatment process can be most effectively met.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of mixed extract from korean medicinal herbs (MIX) on oxidation/reduction reaction-related and aging-related enzyme in vitro. Methods : We performed MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. Results : Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. The MIX showed 97% inhibition of collagenase activity, and 64% inhibition of elastase activity at 1 mg/ml concentration of MIX, next only to positive control, which indicate good efficacy for anti-wrinkle ingredient. Also it's treatment showed 34% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, to relate whitening effect, at the same dose of MIX. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting activity and SOD-like activity. Also these scavenging, XO-inhibiting and SOD-like activities were measured in 91%, 80%, and 63% inhibition, respectively, at a treated dose of 1 mg/ml, compare to control. Conclusions : These results suggest that possibility of mixed korean medicinal herbs as a functional ingredient for anti-wrinkle and whitening, anti-oxidation and anti-aging cosmetic formula.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2017

Oxidation of erythromycin, sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole by ozone was experimentally investigated to see the effects of background water quality such as ultrapure water, humic acid and biologically treated wastewater and water temperature on the removal rate, consequently to provide design information when the ozone treatment process is adopted. Initial concentration of the antibiotics was spiked to $10{\mu}g/l$ and ozone dose was 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 mg/l. While the removal rate of erythromycin under ultrapure water background by ozone oxidation was over 99%, that under humic acid and biologically treated wastewater background was markedly reduced to the range of 59.8%~99% and 17.0%~99%, respectively. When water temperature is decreased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, the removal rate is reduced from the range of 17.0%~99% to the range of 9.4%~97.4% under biologically treated wastewater background. The effects of background and temperature on the removal rate of sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole were similar to erythromycin, but the degree was different. Therefore, it is concluded that the background of water to be treated as well as water temperature should be taken into consideration when the design factor such as ozone dose is determined to meet the treatment objective in the ozone treatment process.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.409-422
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of organic matters based on the distribution and oxidation rates, as noted according to the spatial and temporal variations from 2008 to 2016. Generally speaking, the Han River system is separated into one lower course and two upper courses which are the Namhan River and Bukhan River. The seasonal factor is one of the most important causes of water quality changing in both of the upper courses as a result of a few pollution sources. The concentration of organic matter was measured as higher in the lower course into which great streams with point and non-point sources were identified. According to seasonal variations, however, the change of the organic matter in the lower course is comparatively slighter than that of organic matters in the upper courses. The oxidation rates related to the BOD were 15 %, 17 % and 26 % in the Bukhan River, Namhan River and the lower course, respectively. These results could be explained that more biodegradable organic matter were seen to have existed in the lower courses comparing to the activity in the upper course. The oxidation rates of the BOD were noted as relatively higher in the eutrophicated places with phytoplankton. Therefore the BOD is one of the good index models to find the characteristic of the eutrophicated water. On the other hand BOD would not be enough to estimate concentration of refractory organic matters in the Bukhan and Namhan river. Consequently, both of the TOC and BOD are necessary indices to understand the identified refractory and/or biodegradable characteristics of organic matter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1363-1372
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• 2019

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of diet supplementation with rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil on serum fatty acids profile, oxidation stability of serum and milk, and immune function of dairy cows. Methods: Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments for 8 wk, including basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 4% rubber seed oil (RO), 4% flaxseed oil (FO) or 2% rubber seed oil plus 2% flaxseed oil (RFO) on a dry matter basis. Results: Compared with CON, all the oil groups increased the levels of trans-11 C18:1 (vaccenic acid), cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 (conjugated linoleic acid, CLA) and C18:3 (${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, ALA) in serum. Both the activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in serum and milk in oil groups were decreased, which were negatively correlated with the levels of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and ALA. The concentrations of proinflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ and interferon ${\gamma}$) in serum of oil groups were lower than that from the CON cows. Conclusion: These results indicate that diet supplementation with RO or FO could alter serum fatty acid profile and enhance the immune function of dairy cows. However, the negative effect on milk oxidation stability should be considered when feeding these n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched oils in dairy production.