• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.443-447
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• 1994

Compacts of mixed SiO2-Si powder were liquid phase sintered at 145$0^{\circ}C$ for up to 60 min in a hydrogen atmosphere. In contrast to the conventional microstructures of liquid phase sintered materials, the specimens showed that the solid phase of SiO2 formed a matrix while the liquid phase of Si was the dispersed in the solid matrix. The dispersion of liquid Si pockets was attributed to the high wetting angle of liquid Si on solid SiO2. Because of relatively high solubility of SiO2 in liquid Si at 145$0^{\circ}C$, SiO2 particles accommodated their shape via a solution-reprecipitation process. The liquid Si pockets grew by coalescing with their neighbour pockets. In the latter stage of the sintering, plate-shape grains appeared in the liquid Si pockets. The grains were SiO2 phase precipitated from the liquid Si which was oversaturated with oxygen during cooling to room temperature. By the formation and subsequent removal of the gaseous SiO phase due to the reaction between SiO2 and Si, the specimens became porous.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.80-92
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• 1977

맥류의 생육시기별로 토양수분을 과습과 과건상태로 처리하였을 시 맥류의 지상부와 지하부의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사한바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 처리기간중 토양온도는 표준구보다 습구는 0.8~2.1$^{\circ}C$, 건구는 0.5~0.9$^{\circ}C$ 고온으로 각각 경과하였으며 토양산화 천원전위(Eh)는 표준구에 비하여 건구는 차가 없었으나 습구는 현저히 저하하였다. 2. 초장은 습구에서는 근의 생육장해로 전기간을 통하여 생장이 저해되었으며 건구에서도 초기의 생육은 양호하였으나 한발기간이 길수록 양수분 흡수가 불량하여 절간신장기 이후에는 표준구보다 생육이 현저히 떨어졌다. 3. 본 시험에서 습해에 강하였던 품종은 생육초기의 초장이 짧고 경수는 많았으며 초형은 포복형이었으나 습해에 약한 품종은 이와 반대적인 경향이었다. 또 수확기의 수수는 품종간에 대차없었으나 습구와 건구는 표준구보다 적었는데 습구가 가장 적었다. 4. 성숙기의 토양 심도별 발근량은 습해에 강한 품종은 심근성으로 근수는 많았고 총 근장도 길었으나 습해에 약한 품종은 천근성으로 근수도 적고 총근장도 짧았으며 대부분의 뿌리가 표토 부근에서 사면으로 분포하고 있었다. 또 표준구보다 습구와 건구에서는 근수도 적고 근장도 짧았는데 특히 건구 뿌리의 대부분은 표토 부근에서 사면으로 분포하고 있었다. 또 표준구보다 습구와 건구에서는 근수도 적고 근장도 짧았는데 특히 건구 뿌리의 대부분은 표토 부근에 분포되어 있었다. 그리고 근태는 습해에 강한 품종이 약한 품종보다 굵고 표준구보다 건구의 뿌리가 가는 경향이었다. 본 시험에서 초형이 포복형인 뿌리는 심근으로 습해에는 강하였고 직립형인 뿌리는 천근성으로 습해에는 약한 경향이었다. 5. 근의 생리적 활력은 어느 시기에서나 습해에 강한 품종이 약한 품종보다 높았고 처리별로는 표준구가 높고 과습 과건순으로 낮았으며 유수형성기에 생리적 활력이 높은 품종은 초장이 짧은 반면 경수는 많았고 절간신장기 및 수잉기에 습구와 건구는 표준구보다 근의 생리적 활력이 낮아 간장은 짧고 경수는 적었다. 6. 유수형성기와 수잉기에 있어서 습해에 강한 품종은 약한 품종보다 생리적 활력이 높아 총근수는 많고 근장은 길었다. 또 어느 시기에서나 표준구보다 습구와 건구가 생리적 활력의 저하로 근수는 적고 근장은 짧았다. 7. 수량은 수수 수당입수 천립중등 수량구성요소의 감소로 표준구보다 습구와 건구가 감수되었으며 습구에서는 담수회수가 많을수록 감수율은 현저하였는데 그 피해정도는 습해에 약한 품종일수록 강한 품종보다 더욱 심하였다. 또 습구와 건구간의 수량 감수율은 정의 상관관계를 보여 습구에서 수량감수율이 적은 품종은 건구에서도 적은 경향이였다. 한편 표준구에 비하여 습구의 수량감수가 심한 시기는 절간신장기였고 건구의 수량감수가 심한 시기는 수잉기였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.764-775
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• 2020

Lifespans are increasing and many consumers are interested in health issues in these busy modern days, developing functional clothing that can be worn everyday is one of the competitive solutions in the oversaturated clothing market. When developing a new item with a fresh idea, it is important to look into prior art beforehand to avoid unnecessary intellectual property right-related disputes. This study investigates Korean domestic patents and utility models about functional clothing in terms of human body performance and health promotion in order to suggest essential data to relevant developers. We selected 324 patents and utility models and made an analysis according to the year, functions, applied technologies, frequency of claims, target wearers and item types. We found problems in current functional clothing patent application trends and suggested new aspects when developing innovative functional clothing items. Data was limited to Korean domestic patents; however, this study is still meaningful giving references to technology roadmaps and encouraging new intellectual property development.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1983

Intersection control has dual-purposes; increasing capacity and reducing delay. The primary concern of efficient intersection control under oversaturated condition as in Korea is to increase capacity. Prevailing intersection operation technique permits thru traffic to utilize left turn lane, because the intersection without left turn pocket has left turn signal interval. In this situation, it seems not to be valid to calculate capacity, delay, and signal timings by conventional methods. By critical lane technique, capacity increases as cycle length increases. However, when thru traffic utilize LT lane, the capacity varies according to LT volume, LT interval as well as cycle length, which implies that specific cycle length and LT interval exist to maximize capacity for given LT volume. The study is designed is designed to calculate utilization factors of LT lane for thru traffic and capacities, and identify signal timings to yield maximum capacity. The experimental design involved has 3 variables; 1)LT volumes at each approach(20-300 vph), 2)cycle lengths (60-220 sec), and 3)LT intervals(2.6-42 sec) for one scenario of isolated intersection crossing two 6-lanes streets. For LT volume of 50-150 vph, capacity calculated by using the utilization factor is about 25% higher than that by critical lane method. The range of optimum cycle length to yield maximum capapcity for LT volume less than 120 vph is 140-180 sec, and increases as LT volume increases. The optimum LT interval to yield maximum capacity is longer than the intrval necessary to accommodate LT volume at saturation flow rate.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1729-1740
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• 2017

This paper describes a vision-based method that effectively recognize a traffic light. The method consists of two steps of traffic light detection and discrimination. Many related studies have used color information to detect traffic light, but color information is not robust to the varying illumination environment. This paper proposes a new method of traffic light detection based on intensity and saturation. When a traffic light is turned on, the light region usually shows values with high saturation and high intensity. However, when the light region is oversaturated, the region shows values of low saturation and high intensity. So this study proposes a method to be able to detect a traffic light under these conditions. After detecting a traffic light, it estimates the size of the body region including the traffic light and extracts the body region. The body region is compared with five models which represent specific traffic signals, then the region is discriminated as one of the five models or rejected as none of them. Experimental results show the performance of traffic light detection reporting the precision of 97.2%, the recall of 95.8%, and correct recognition rate of 94.3%. These results shows that the proposed method is effective.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 용암석상의 무기물인 퍼라이트의 팽창에 관한 비등온 상태 전산 모사를 수행하여 실험 결과와 비교하여 모델의 유효성을 검증하고자 하였다. 기존의 연구를 기반으로 에너지 수지식을 적용하였고 이에 따른 물성값의 온도에 따른 변화를 적용하였다. 비등온 팽창에서 버블 부피의 변화, 수분 증발에 의한 변화 그리고 열 플럭스의 버블내로의 유입에 따라 버블의 온도 변화를 고려하였으며 이에 따른 용융 퍼라이트의 온도 분포 형성 또한 고려되었다. 이의 결과로 1100 K 이하에서 5% 이내의 정확성을 가지는 예측 모델 및 동특성 해석 코드를 개발하였고 1100~1400 K 범위에서도 7% 이내의 오차를 가지고 팽창도를 예측할 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1999

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted at all seasons from July 1996 to April 1999 for the purpose of describing the characteristics of seasonal variations of water quality in Mokpo harbour, Korea. Vertical stratification started to be formed in water column in spring, developed in summer and disappeared in fall. In summer, vertical density distribution of water column was found to be in stable structure with lower temperature and higher salinity of bottom water, and the vertical mixing of water between surface and bottom layers was restricted. In winter, however, surface water was found to be similar to bottom water in temperature and salinity, and water column was in unstable structure and in well-mixed condition between surface and bottom waters. The saturation percentage of dissolved oxygen(DO) in bottom water of inner part of Mokpo harbour at all seasons was shown to be decreased to the third grade or under the third grade of Korean standards of seawater quality. In particular, dissolved oxygen was oversaturated in surface water and undersaturated in bottom water in summer, due to stratification and organic pollution. The difference of DO concentration between surface and bottom waters was found to be greater in spring and summer than in fall and winter, due to stratification and photosynthesis of phytoplankton. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD) over the entire waters of Mokpo harbour were found to fluctuate from below the third grade to the first grade of Korean standards through all seasons and COD concentrations of same seasons were shown to be different year after year. In particular, in view of COD, the annual average seawater quality of Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be in third grade of Korean standards, due to organic pollution. The average COD of surface water was greater than that of bottom water in spring and summer, due to the autochthonous COD caused by production of phytoplankton in surface waters, while the average COD of surface water was similar to that of bottom water in fall and winter, due to the vertical mixing of water between surface and bottom layers.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.327-340
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• 1997

Geochemical characteristics of groundwater, based on chemical analyses of 54 water samples, differ among main rocks of Haman formation, Panyawoel formation, andesite and granite in Daegu area in relation to mineralogical and chemical compositions of the rocks. Concentrations of most solutes are higher in groundwaters of Haman and Panyawoel formations than in those of andesite and granite. High concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ in groundwaters of the sedimentary rocks result mainly from reaction of $CO_2$-charged water with calcite and weathered feldspars. Average groundwaters in the sedimentary rocks are oversaturated with respect to calcite. Major types of groundwaters are hard $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ and $CaSO_2-CaCl_2$ with hardness of 442 mg/l for Haman formation and 275 mg/l for Panyawoel formation whereas they are soft $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ with hardness 35 mg/I for andesite and 39 mg/I for granite. $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ type results mainly from calcite-dissolution and $CaSO_4-CaCl_2$ from pyrite and partly from domestic pollutants. $CaSO_4-CaCl_2$ type may indicate that groundwaters in the sedimentary rocks are more evolved geochemically than those in the igneous rocks, but it is not obvious because the type might be affected by pyrie dissolution and domestic pollutions. Acid rain is buffered by active calcite in the sedimentary rocks. In the igneous rocks acid rain might react with gibbsite and other forms of $Al(OH)_3$ that might have accumulated as weathering products of primary silicates, and is buffered.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.424-432
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 용암석상의 무기물인 퍼라이트의 팽창에 관한 전산 모사 및 실험을 실시하여 모델의 유효성을 검증하고자 하였다. 전산 모사는 등온 상태를 가정하여 실시하였고 초기 온도 및 수분 함량을 변화시켜 보았다. 초기 온도보다는 수분함량이 팽창에 더 큰 영향을 주었고 이는 퍼라이트의 점도 변화에 기인한 것으로 결론지을 수 있었다. 실험 결과와 비교를 위하여 시료의 충전 밀도를 측정하였고 이를 원석의 충전 밀도와 비교하여 내부 동공을 가지는 팽창 퍼라이트의 밀도를 계산하였다. 이의 결과를 전산 모사 결과와 비교하였으며 등온 상태의 전산 모사가 실험 결과와 큰 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 차이는 열의 일로의 변환과 이에 따른 파라미터 값의 변화가 있을 것으로 결론내릴 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.821-836
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• 2000

The Peri-implantitis causes inflammation of periodontal tissue and bone loss. It contaminates surface of implants. Therefore, guided bone regeneration has been used for the treatment of this disease. For the reosseointegration of the exposed surface, various mechanical and chemical methods have been used for cleaning and detoxication of implant surface. Among these methods, air-powder abrasive and oversaturated citrate are known to be most effective. However, these treatments may deform implant surface. In this research, changes of surface roughness they were examined. 10 experimental machined titanium cylinder models were fabricated to be used for control groups. Each of them was air powder abraded for 1 minute and they were named group 1. And then, group 1 were burnished with cotton pellets soaked with citrate for 30 seconds(Group 2), 1 minute(Group 3), 3 minutes(Group 4), and 5 minutes(Group 5) burnishing were applied for grouping respectively. Each group were examined with SPM, and their surface roughness were measured and analyzed. 1. Surface roughness of titanium decreased when it was air-powder abraded for 1 minute. It was statistically significant. 2. When Air-powder abraded titanium were treated with citrate for 3 minutes, Their surface roughness was the lowest. Titanium treated for 1 minute was the second lowest and 30 seconds was the third and titanium burnished for 5 minutes was the highest. 3. Surface roughness of titanium which was treated with citrate was decreased till 3 minutes, which was statistically significant. There was no statistical significance from 30 seconds to 1 minute and from 1 minute to 3 minutes, and there was statistical significance from 30 seconds to 3 minutes. 4. Oxide layer was formed when titanium is exposed to air, and it was removed when air-powder abraded. It was made when treated with citrate. It is thought that citrate treatment is necessary after the air-powder abrasion, and 1 minute is clinically and qualitatively adequate for burnishing time of citrate.