• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.195-212
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• 2017

Small group learning is an educational approach to allow students to solve the problems and to achieve a common goal. Especially, small group learning in science education is one of the most important educational approaches and effective to ensure understanding of a topic. Small group learning consisting of three students in science education maximize student understanding and learning efficiency. However, It is reported that the effects of small group learning on achievement show different results, corresponding to different grouping methods(homogeneous/heterogeneous). This study investigated the effects of grouping method on difference of ecological niche of photosynthesis concepts. To achieve this, 1107 7th students were composed of homogeneous and heterogeneous groups classified into top, middle, and bottom levels. The photosynthesis units were divided into four categories: the photosynthesizing place, the substances of photosynthesis, required materials for the photosynthesizing, and environmental factors affecting photosynthesis. A questionnaire was composed by selecting concepts having a frequency of 4% or more based on prior studies on the change of the ecological status of photosynthesis. The questionnaire was scored in terms of relativity and understanding on each of the proposed concepts in the four categories. The result of this study is as set forth below. 1) There was an enhancement of learning the concept of science in small group classes consisting of 3 students. 2) To enhance the average upon composing of a group, it is proposed that the group should be formed homogeneously, and to reduce the deviation between the members, it is proposed that the group should be formed heterogeneously. Through this study, it is expected that specific studies verifying the difference or effect on the duplicity of results are conducted based on the composition of groups.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.223-249
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• 2011

In modern society, citizens' quality of life aspects of safety and crime prevention activities are actively considering the incidence of crime prevention in advance. It also can be quite important elicit the interest of who community members through effective crime prevention strategies. For crime prevention policies and techniques over time as more scientific and advanced methods are made. Today, A typical crime prevention strategies is private security zones and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a corresponding to the new strategy. CPTED is a diversification can be called a crime prevention approach that emphasizes the principle of natural surveillance, access control, territoriality, activity support, maintenance and management. The defensible space of the space area related to crime prevention setting the activities of private security and CPTED determine. Also, the reality of crime prevention and protection should be considered space. The emphasis on proactive prevention of crime in modern society for the prevention of crime how to approach differing perspectives and disparate aspects of private security and CPTED. Technical and professional areas that overlap to some extent in a homogeneous aspect. Ultimately, CPTED is a crime prevention through space and environmental approach for crime. In addition, Ultimate goal of convergence, crime prevention, with the same or higher is required to study for the area after looking for the characteristics and limitations of private security and CPTED.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2003

The study uses agricultural knowledge system theory to explore how traditional knowledge applies to the linkage system of agricultural research and extension in rural Korea. By agricultural knowledge system we emphasize the dynamic networks of actors, processes of negotiation, and the diverse ways in which knowledge is constructed and performed. The knowledge systems reflect the idea that the boundaries between knowledge groups are not closed and that there could be considerable overlap between knowledge system. The results of this study are the following : First, we should know that some extension agents clearly value farmer knowledge and try to facilitate farmer-to-farmer communication. Extension plays a significant role in the knowledge-creation process and shaping communities because knowledge processes are embedded in social processes that involve aspects of power, authority, and legitimization. Third, the constructions of agricultural knowledge systems thus include social interactions, communication, and the diverse processes individuals employ create, use, and evaluate multiple types and sources of information through the linkage between agricultural colleges and Rural Development Administration (RDA), establishing the research institution of research and extension linkage, exchange research agent with extension agent, and bottom-up approach. Second, we should know that the focus of traditional knowledge development is rural community development as a community process. Nowadays the sessions of the Intergovernmental Committee of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) cover two lines of inquiry, which are the use of existing standards of intellectual property for the protection of traditional knowledge and that of new legal standards, eventually in the from of sui generis mechanisms of protection.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-34
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• 2016

This introduction is both a statement of a research problem and an account of the first research results for its solution. As more historical databases come online and overlap in coverage, we need to discuss the two main issues that prevent 'big' results from emerging so far. Firstly, historical data are seen by computer science people as unstructured, that is, historical records cannot be easily decomposed into unambiguous fields, like in population (birth and death records) and taxation data. Secondly, machine-learning tools developed for structured data cannot be applied as they are for historical research. We propose a complex network, narrative-driven approach to mining historical databases. In such a time-integrated network obtained by overlaying records from historical databases, the nodes are actors, while thelinks are actions. In the case study that we present (the world as seen from Venice, 1205-1533), the actors are governments, while the actions are limited to war, trade, and treaty to keep the case study tractable. We then identify key periods, key events, and hence key actors, key locations through a time-resolved examination of the actions. This tool allows historians to deal with historical data issues (e.g., source provenance identification, event validation, trade-conflict-diplomacy relationships, etc.). On a higher level, this automatic extraction of key narratives from a historical database allows historians to formulate hypotheses on the courses of history, and also allow them to test these hypotheses in other actions or in additional data sets. Our vision is that this narrative-driven analysis of historical data can lead to the development of multiple scale agent-based models, which can be simulated on a computer to generate ensembles of counterfactual histories that would deepen our understanding of how our actual history developed the way it did. The generation of such narratives, automatically and in a scalable way, will revolutionize the practice of history as a discipline, because historical knowledge, that is the treasure of human experiences (i.e. the heritage of the world), will become what might be inherited by machine learning algorithms and used in smart cities to highlight and explain present ties and illustrate potential future scenarios and visionarios.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-84
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• 2018

This paper aims to examine the philosophical significance of neuroethics and its unique position within the cognitive paradigm, and to discuss major issues of neuroethics. Recent advances in neuroscience enable more direct access and intervention to human mind, which reduces the distinction between matter and mind and brings up new philosophical questions on human nature. Neuroethics takes interdisciplinary and integrative approach, in order to deal with the ethical issues related to new findings and technology of neuroscience that cannot be covered by the traditional legal and social systems. Some of the ethical issues of neuroscience overlap with the classical bioethics problems but majority of major issues are unique to neuroethics. These issues are mainly related to mind reading through the observation and decoding of brain activities and to cognitive enhancement through directly manipulating brain functions. Considering the current status and trends of Korean neuroscientific research, it is necessary to begin in-depth discussion of neuroethical issues with the collaboration among experts in related fields.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.4 s.107
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• pp.401-408
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new class of segmentation technique for feature extraction based on the statistical and regional classification at each vertical or horizontal line of digital image data. Data is processed and clustered at each line, different from the point or space process. They are designed to segment gray-scale sectional images using a horizontal and vertical line process due to their statistical and property differences, and to extract the feature. The techniques presented here show efficient results in case of the gray level overlap and not having threshold image. Such images are also not easy to be segmented by the global or local threshold methods. Line pixels inform us the sectionable data, and can be set according to cluster quality due to the differences of histogram and statistical data. The total segmentation on line clusters can be obtained by adaptive extension onto the horizontal axis. Each processed region has its own pixel value, resulting in feature extraction. The advantage and effectiveness of the line-cluster approach are both shown theoretically and demonstrated through the region-segmental carotid artery medical image processing.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 2001

This paper presents an efficient approach to build an image mosaics from image sequences. Unlike general panoramic stitching methods, which usually require some geometrical feature points or solve the iterative nonlinear equations, our algorithm can directly recover the 8-parameter planar perspective transforms. We use four quasi-feature points in order to compute the projective transform between two images. This feature is based on the graylevel distribution and defined in the overlap area between two images. Therefore the proposed algorithm can reduce the total amount of the computation. We also present an algorithm lot efficiently matching the correspondence of the extracted feature. The proposed algorithm is applied to various images to estimate its performance and. the simulation results present that our algorithm can find the correct correspondence and build an image mosaics.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.534-542
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• 2014

Multiscale modeling is a new simulation approach which can manage different spatial and temporal scales of system. In this study, as part of multiscale modeling research, we propose the way of combining two different simulation methods, molecular dynamics(MD) and stochastic rotation dynamics(SRD). Our conceptual implementations are based on LAMMPS, one of the well-known molecular dynamics programs. Our prototype of multiscale modeling follows the form of the third party implementation of LAMMPS. It added MD to SRD in order to simulate the boundary area of the simulation box. Because it is important to guarantee the seamless simulation, we also designed the overlap zones and communication zones. The preliminary experimental results showed that our proposed scheme is properly worked out and the execution time is also reduced.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.5 s.102
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• pp.429-434
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• 2006

A CCTV system reduces some number of cameras if we use convex-mirror. In this case, convex-mirror Image distorted, we need transformation to flat images. In the center of mirror images, a transformed image has no distortion, but at near boundary image has plentiful distortion. This distortion is caused by occlusion of angled ray and diffraction. We know that the linear filtering approach cannot separate noise from signal where their Fourier spectra overlap. But using a non-linear discretization method, we shall reduce blurred noise. In this paper, we introduce the backward solution of nonlinear wave equation for reducing blurred noise and biased expansion of equilibrium contour. We propose, after applying the introduced method, and calculate with discretization method. To analysis the experimental result, we investigate to PSNR and get about 4dB better than current method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1881-1900
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• 2014

Since 802.11 wireless LANs are so widely used, it has become common for numerous access points (APs) to overlap in a region, where most of those APs are managed individually without any coordinated control. This pattern of wireless LAN usage is called the private OBSS (Overlapping Basic Service Set) environment in this paper. Due to frame collisions across BSSs, each BSS in the private OBSS environment suffers severe performance degradation. This study approaches the problem from the perspective of congestion control rather than noise or collision resolution. The retry limit, one of the 802.11 attributes, could be used for traffic control in conjunction with TCP. Reducing the retry limit causes early discard of a frame, and it has a similar effect of random early drops at a router, well known in the research area of congestion control. It makes the shared link less crowded with frames, and then the benefit of fewer collisions surpasses the penalty of less strict error recovery. As a result, the network-wide performance improves and so does the performance of each BSS eventually. Reducing the retry limit also has positive effects of merging TCP ACKs and reducing HOL-like blocking time at the AP. Extensive experiments have validated the idea that in the OBSS environment, reducing the retry limit provides better performance, which is contrary to the common wisdom. Since our strategy is basically to sacrifice error recovery for congestion control, it could yield side-effects in an environment where the cost of error recovery is high. Therefore, to be useful in general network and traffic environments, adaptability is required. To prove the feasibility of the adaptive scheme, a simple method to dynamically adjust the value of the retry limit has been proposed. Experiments have shown that this approach could provide comparable performance in unfriendly environments.