• 인지과학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2011

사람들은 이사, 투표, 시험, 부상, 차 구입과 같은 미래의 사건에 대한 자신의 정서 반응을 과도하게 예측한다. 충격 편향(impact bias)란 자신의 정서 반응이 강하게 오래 계속될 것으로 예상하는 것이다. 본 연구는 원자력 발전소, 유전자조작식품, 그리고 휴대폰과 같은 위험 대상에 대해 충격 편향이 관찰되는지, 그리고 관찰된다면 이 편향을 감소시키는 조작의 효과가 있는지를 검토하였다. 참여자들은 위험 대상에 대해서 현재보다 가까운 미래인 1주일 후 충격 편향을 가장 크게 보였다. 적응 과제와 탈초점 과제를 사용한 결과, 탈초점 조작이 위험 대상들에 대한 충격 편향을 감소시켰다. 본 연구의 결과들을 선행 연구들과 관련해서 논하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2022

우리는 제 16차 청소년건강행태조사 자료를 이용하여 청소년의 일반적 특성, 외모스트레스, 불안이 청소년의 신체 이미지 왜곡에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 시도하였다. 우리는 대상자의 38.2%에서 신체이미지 왜곡을 확인하였고 19.9%에서 신체 이미지에 대한 과소평가(underestimate), 18.3%에서 과대평가(overestimate)하는 결과를 확인하였다. 과소평가(underestimate)와 과대평가(overestimate) 집단 모두에서 외모스트레스, 불안이 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 우리는 성별, 경제적 수준, 학업수준등의 인구학적 특성이 과소평가와 과대평가 집단에서 각각 다른 양상으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 우리는 청소년의 체중에 대한 주관적인 인식을 과대평가와 과소평가의 경우로 세분화하여 포괄적인 평가를 하는 것이 추후 정신건강과 체중 조절 행동을 결정하는 중요한 요소가 될 것으로 제언한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 1986

The elastic-plastic fracture toughness J_{Ic}$ of submerged arc welded structural steel $SB_{41}$ which has the properties of low strength and high ductility was discussed, especially paying attention to a comparison between two methods recommended by ASTM and JSME. $J_{IC}$ tests were carried out with compact specimens by means of R-curve, SZW, ultrasonic and electric potential methods. Based on the investigations in this study, the results obtained are as follows; (1) The JSME R-curve method gave the smallest $J_{IC}$ values which were physically closest to the crack initiation and seemed to be more practical and stable procedure between the two R-curve methods. (2) The JSME SZW method tended to slightly overestimate the $J_{IC}$ values at initiation of ductile tearing. (3) The ultrasonic and electric potential methods which also had a tendency to overestimate these $J_{IC}$ values were confirmed to be applicable and useful in determining these values. (4) The $J_{IC}$ values by the JSME R-curve method were 18.06 kgf/mm and 17.25kgf/ mm for the smooths and the side grooved CT specimen respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2007

Objectives : Little is known about the physician-related factors that are associated with the management of Hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the physician-related factors associated with blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Methods : We surveyed 154 physicians at 117 public health (subhealth) centers in Gyeonggi-do, Forty-one physicians completed the survey (response rates : 26.6%) and 31 physicians were finally included as the study subjects. Using the information obtained from the self-reported survey, we measured the physician-related factors associated with hypertension control, including their perception of hypertension, prescription patterns (combination prescription rates, specific antihypertensives prescription rates among patients with diabetes mellitus), and sociodemographic factors. We then collected data on blood pressure and medication use in patients seen by these physicians from the health center#s information system. We compared the physicians# perceived hypertension control rates with the actual rates, and then evaluated the rate of high overestimation (overestimation by more than 25% of the median degree of hypertension control rate overestimation) among the physicians. The physicians# antihypertensive prescription patterns were also evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association between hypertension control and physician-related factors. Results : The physicians tended to overestimate the proportion of their patients with controlled blood pressure (79.5% perceived vs. 57.8% actual). The percentage of physicians with high overestimation was 35.5% (11 physicians). The physicians with lower control rates were more likely to highly overestimate their patients# control rates. Physicians with below-median actual control rates tended to prescribe fewer combination treatments for patients with uncontrolled blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or fewer angiotensin receptor blockers for patients with diabetes mellitus. The rate of high overestimation by physicians was 1.31 times higher in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure than in patients with other conditions (OR=1.31, 95% CI : 1.17-1.48). Conclusions : Physicians have a tendency to overestimate the rates of hypertension control in their patients. Because physicians have a direct role in treatment outcomes, physicians# overestimation about hypertension management contributes to inadequate blood pressure control. Thus, interventions for improving physician# awareness regarding the management of patients with hypertension are needed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.117-122
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• 2002

Flat Plate structures subjected to lateral load are susceptible to the brittle failure, therefore deformability of plate-column connections should be ensured to resist against earthquake. However, according to previous study, existing experiments overestimate the deformability of connections and current design provision do not accurately explains them. In the present study, parametric study using nonlinear finite element analysis was performed. Based on the numerical results, seismic design method considering the deformability of connections was developed.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 1998

Balanced half sample method is a simple variance estimation method for complex sampling designs. Since it is simple and flexible, it has been widely used in large scale sample surveys. However, the usual BHS method overestimate the true variance in without replacement sampling and two-stage cluster sampling. Focusing on this point , we proposed an unbiased BHS variance estimator in a stratified two-stage cluster sampling and then described an implementation method of the proposed estimator. Finally, partially BHS design is explained as a tool of reducing the number of replications of the proposed estimator.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2015

Despite the increasing use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and stereotactic radiation surgery (SRS) in recent years, the biological base of these high-dose hypo-fractionated radiotherapy modalities has been elusive. Given that most human tumors contain radioresistant hypoxic tumor cells, the radiobiological principles for the conventional multiple-fractionated radiotherapy cannot account for the high efficacy of SBRT and SRS. Recent emerging evidence strongly indicates that SBRT and SRS not only directly kill tumor cells, but also destroy the tumor vascular beds, thereby deteriorating intratumor microenvironment leading to indirect tumor cell death. Furthermore, indications are that the massive release of tumor antigens from the tumor cells directly and indirectly killed by SBRT and SRS stimulate anti-tumor immunity, thereby suppressing recurrence and metastatic tumor growth. The reoxygenation, repair, repopulation, and redistribution, which are important components in the response of tumors to conventional fractionated radiotherapy, play relatively little role in SBRT and SRS. The linear-quadratic model, which accounts for only direct cell death has been suggested to overestimate the cell death by high dose per fraction irradiation. However, the model may in some clinical cases incidentally do not overestimate total cell death because high-dose irradiation causes additional cell death through indirect mechanisms. For the improvement of the efficacy of SBRT and SRS, further investigation is warranted to gain detailed insights into the mechanisms underlying the SBRT and SRS.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.403-417
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• 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with low-strength RC columns are rampant in several countries, especially those constructed during the early 1960s and 1970s. The weakness of these structures due to overloading or some natural disasters such as earthquakes and building age effects are some of the main reasons to collapse, particularly with the scarcity of data on the impact of aspect ratio and corner radius on the confinement effectiveness. Hence, it is crucial to investigate if these columns (with different aspect ratios) can be made safe by strengthening them with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets. Therefore, experimental and numerical studies of CFRP-strengthened low-strength reinforced concrete short rectangular, square, and circular columns were studied. In this investigation, a total of 6 columns divided into three sets were evaluated. The first set had two circular cross-sectional columns, the second set had two square cross-section columns, and the third set has two rectangular cross-section columns. Furthermore, FEM validation has been conducted for some of the experimental results obtained from the literature. The experimental results revealed that the confinement equations for RC columns as per both CSA and ACI codes could give incorrect results for low-strength concrete. The control specimen (unstrengthened ones) displayed that both ACI and CSA equations overestimate the ultimate strength of low-strength RC columns by order of extent. For strengthened columns with CFRP, the code equations of CSA and ACI code overestimate the maximum strength by around 6 to 13% and 23 to 29%, respectively, depending on the cross-section of the column (i.e., square, rectangular, or circular). Results of finite element models (FEMs) showed that increasing the layer number of new commonly CFRP type (B) from one to 3 for circular columns can increase the column's ultimate loads by around eight times compared to unjacketed columns. However, in the case of strengthened square and rectangular columns with CFRP, the increase of the ultimate loads of columns can reach up to six times and two times, respectively.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1715-1721
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• 2011

For an efficient railroad operations the demand forecasting is required. Time series models can quickly forecast the future demand with fewer data. As well as the accuracy of forecasting is excellent compared to other methods. In this study is proposed the intervention ARIMA model for forecasting methods of KTX passenger demand. The intervention ARIMA model may reflect the intervention such as the Kyongbu high-speed rail project second phase. The simple seasonal ARIMA model is predicted to overestimate the KTX passenger demand. However, intervention ARIMA model is predicted the reasonable results. The KTX passenger demands were predicted to be a week units separated by the weekday and weekend.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2012

Hydrodynamic performance of a movable submerged breakwater was analyzed using energy dissipation model. Based on two-dimensional boundary element method the equation of motion including a viscous dissipation term proportional to velocity squared was solved by Newton-Raphson method. Energy dissipation coefficients as well as reflection and transmission coefficients of a submerged flat plate were calculated with various plate lengths and thickness. Both real and imaginary components of body displacement and forces were used to solve the motion of breakwater accurately. The effect of the magnitude of dissipation coefficient on the body displacement was evaluated. The results from the potential theory with no dissipation term were found to be an overestimate in resonance frequency.