• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.458-465
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a strategy to distribute the energy consumption over the network. The proposed strategy is based on geographic routing. We use a smart base station that maintains the residual energy and location information of sensor nodes and selects a head node and an anchor node using this information. A head node gathers and aggregates data from the sensor nodes in a target region that interests the user. An anchor node then transmits the data that was forwarded from the head node back to the smart base station. The smart base station extends network lifetime by selecting an optimal head node and an optimal anchor node. We simulate the proposed protocol and compare it with the LEACH protocol in terms of energy consumption, the number of dead nodes, and a distribution map of dead node locations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.997-1004
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• 2007

A hybrid technique that combines the advantages of binaural reproduction and sound field reproduction technique is proposed. The concept of HRTF-field, which is defined as the set of HRTFs corresponding to the various head dislocations, enables us to realize virtual source imaging over a wide area. Conventional $2{\times}2$ definition is redefined as a MIMO system composed of multiple control sources and multiple head locations, and HRTF variations corresponding to various head movement are quantified. Through the direct control of HRTF-field, reproduction error induced by head dislocation can be minimized in least-square-error sense, and consequential disturbances on the virtual source image can be reduced within a selected area. Simple lateralization examples are investigated, and the reproduction error of the proposed technique is compared to that of Higher-order Ambisonics.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2008

A hybrid technique that combines the advantages of binaural reproduction and sound field reproduction technique is proposed. The concept of HRTF-field, which is defined as the set of HRTFs corresponding to the various head dislocations, enables us to realize virtual source imaging over a wide area. Conventional binaural($2{\times}2$) reproduction system is redefined as a MIMO system composed of multiple control sources and multiple head locations, and HRTF variations corresponding to various head movement are quantified. Through the direct control of HRTF-field, reproduction error induced by head dislocation can be minimized in least-square-error sense, and consequential disturbances on the virtual source image can be reduced within a selected area. Simple lateralization examples are investigated, and the reproduction error of the proposed technique is compared to that of higher-order Ambisonics.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

Despite improved treatment outcomes of locally advanced disease over the last 2 decades, the survival of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains dismal. There is a clear need for development of novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC. Recent advances in understanding tumor immunology have been directly and rapidly translated into clinical success of T cell-directed immunotherapeutic approach in the treatment of several types of solid cancers. Among them, impact of immune checkpoint inhibition using neutralizing antibodies is the most striking. A variety of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting T cells have been also studied in HNSCC, especially in recurrent and/or metastatic setting even with significant survival benefit. The present article reviews the basic concept of T cell-directed immunotherapy and the current status of such approaches in the treatment of HNSCC.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2018

Purpose: To measure the head tilting angle creating initial condylar cut-off and to find the head position inducing the superimposition of the cervical vertebrae over the mandibular ramus on panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods: The panoramic radiographs were taken with Didactic skull on cervical spine model (Scientific GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) using Kodak 8000c Digital Panoramic radiography. For the inherent radiolucency of the plastic skull model, radiopaque 1 mm diameter lead wires were attached along the margin of the mandibular condyle, ramus, mandibular body, cervical vertebrae, and FH plane of the skull model. For measuring the head tilting angle creating the condylar head cutoff, panoramic radiographs were taken by tilting the FH plane downward in 5 degree increments. For finding the distance between transverse process of the third cervical vertebra and gonion inducing superimposition of cervical vertebrae on the mandibular ramus, panoramic radiographs were taken by decreasing the distance in 0.5 cm increments. Result and Conclusion: The condylar cutoff began to appear when the head of skull model was tilted downward by 15o. As the head tilting angle increasing, the condylar cutoff became more prominent. The superimposition of cervical vertebrae over the mandibular ramus began to appear when the distance between the gonion and third cervical vertebra was 1.0 cm. As the distance decreasing, the superimpostion became more prominent.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.138-145
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the audiologic results after cochlear implantation (CI) in older patients and the degree of improvement in their quality of life (QoL). Subjects and Methods: Patients over 65 years old who underwent CI at implant center in Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital were included in this study (n=54; 34 males and 20 females). The control group was patient over 65 years old with normal hearing (n=54; 34 males and 20 females). We administered three questionnaires [World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), World Health Organization Quality of Life-OLD (WHOQOL-OLD)], and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to evaluate the QoL, CIrelated effects on activities of daily life, and social activities in all the subjects. Moreover, correlations between speech recognition and the QoL scores were evaluated. The duration of implant use and comorbidities were also examined as potential factors affecting QoL. Results: The patients had remarkable improvements (the mean score of postoperative speech perception 75.7%) in speech perception after CI. The scores for the WHOQOL-OLD and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire responses were similar in both the study and control groups, except those for a two subdomains (social relations and social participation). The patients with longer-term CI had higher scores than those with short-term CI use. In general, the changes in GDS scores were not significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The treatment of hearing loss with CI conferred significant improvement in patient's QoL (p<0.01). The evaluation of QoL can provide multidimensional insights into a geriatric patient's progress and, therefore, should be considered by audiologists.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.138-145
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the audiologic results after cochlear implantation (CI) in older patients and the degree of improvement in their quality of life (QoL). Subjects and Methods: Patients over 65 years old who underwent CI at implant center in Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital were included in this study (n=54; 34 males and 20 females). The control group was patient over 65 years old with normal hearing (n=54; 34 males and 20 females). We administered three questionnaires [World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), World Health Organization Quality of Life-OLD (WHOQOL-OLD)], and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to evaluate the QoL, CIrelated effects on activities of daily life, and social activities in all the subjects. Moreover, correlations between speech recognition and the QoL scores were evaluated. The duration of implant use and comorbidities were also examined as potential factors affecting QoL. Results: The patients had remarkable improvements (the mean score of postoperative speech perception 75.7%) in speech perception after CI. The scores for the WHOQOL-OLD and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire responses were similar in both the study and control groups, except those for a two subdomains (social relations and social participation). The patients with longer-term CI had higher scores than those with short-term CI use. In general, the changes in GDS scores were not significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The treatment of hearing loss with CI conferred significant improvement in patient's QoL (p<0.01). The evaluation of QoL can provide multidimensional insights into a geriatric patient's progress and, therefore, should be considered by audiologists.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.4
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• pp.39-59
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• 1981

This article briefly researched the Picture of Welcoming the Governor of Pyongan Province painted by Kim Hong-do, penname Danwon(1745-1818?). The Picture was composed of three parts and its historical and pictorial back-ground were reviewed firstly. And later the dress and its ornament appearing on the Picture were studied. In the historical viewpoint of dress and its ornament, the Picture shown all sorts of dress from lower class maids and servants to higher officials-dignatories and governor, and dealt with nearly all dresses. In order to support and to make better understand the dresses of that age, some Korean literary works of the same period depicting the dress and its ornament were also selected. This article dealt with the dress and its ornament. especially that of 18th century of the Yi Dynasty, and comparatively studied for our folk painting with literary works. Also the picture enabled to make this study was an important data of our old dress and its ornament. This painting was considered as one of our cultural treasures. Several conclusions drawn out from this study as followings: 1) In male and female dress of lower class people; male dress was consist of trouser and coat, and coat, and over the coat SOCHANGYI were used. Female dress was basically consist of skirt and these were white color of their favourite. Mainly simple color was used for clothing and its dress style were CHAKSOO-HYONG (narrow sleeve style) which convenient for a work. 2) Yangban's dress was consist of trouser, coat and over the coat, usually DOPO(over-coat) were used and some case JICKRYONGPO (a sort of over-coat) or CHANGYI were also used. These were GWANGSOO-HYONG (wide sleeve style) of inconvenient for a work. 3) In head-gear, there was no difference of the higher and the lower. They usually used HEUC-KRIP (black Korean hat). The OCKJUNGJA, GONJAKMI (peacock tail), HOSOO (tiger beard), and YOUNGJA (chin strip) were used according to officials ranks as head-gear's oraments. 4) Local petty officials used ordinary dress and CHUPRI (warn-dress) were also used by them, and military officials used war-dress of tight sleeve. 5) The belting of over-coat are different in color according to official grade. The higher grade wore red-wide belt, but generally black narrow belt for ordinary officials. 6) All KISAING girl wore SAMHYEOIJANG upper coat. And their head ornament were black KARIMA for grown KISAING. SAYANG hair for DONGKI or maiden KISAING and BINYEO (an ornamental rod of women's hair) were inserted into the hair of rear down part of head. The water carring maid wore BANHYEOIJANG upper coat and no KARIMA were on head and their coat were gloomy color. Above mentioned are several conclusions, and there migh be a false or erroneous explanations of 18th century dress and its ornament, however I considered they were data for blank period of quite unknown.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-47
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• 2020

Tuberculosis of parotid gland is extremely rare, even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. It can occur by systemic dissemination from a distant focus or as primary involvement. Because of the clinical and radiological similarity, parotid tumor and parotid inflammatory disease take priority over the tuberculosis of parotid when it comes to differential diagnosis. As a result, clinicians often fail to make a timely diagnosis of tuberculosis of parotid gland in patient with a slowly growing parotid mass. However, its treatment is primarily medical if the positive diagnosis is well established. We have recently experienced a case of tuberculosis of parotid gland that was considered as the benign tumor preoperatively, but which was confirmed as tuberculosis of parotid gland after extracapsular dissection. We report it with a review of literature.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2008

Caveolin proteins are mediators of cell death or the survival of injured cells, and they are inhibitors of various signaling pathways. The expression of caveolin-, which is involved in the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, was examined in the differentiated mouse vestibular cell line UB/UE-1 after gentamicin ototoxicity. Caveolae in the vestibular hair cell of healthy guinea pigs were observed through an electron microscope. UB/UE-1 cells were cultured at 95% $CO_2$ with 5% $O_2$ at $33^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours and at 95% $CO_2$ with 5% $O_2$ at $39^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours for differentiation. Cells were treated with 1 mM gentamicin, 0.02 mM H89 (PKA inhibitor), and then incubated for 24 hours. Caveolin-1 expression was examined by western blotting and PKA activity by a $PepTag^{(R)}$ assay. Caveolae were observed in the vestibular hair cells of healthy guinea pigs by electron microscopy. Caveolin-1 was expressed spontaneously in differentiated UB/UE-1 cells and increased after gentamicin treatment. PKA was also over-activated by gentamicin treatment. Both gentamicin-induced caveolin-1 expression and PKA over-activation were inhibited by H89. These results indicate that gentamicin-induced caveolin-1 expression is mediated by the PKA signaling pathway. We conclude that caveolae/ caveolin activity, induced via a PKA signaling pathway, may be one of the mechanisms of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity.