• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2014

Creatinine is a general marker as a screening test for renal disease. This study was conducted to provide basic data about pediatric concentration for serum and urine creatinine. The data from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Analysis was done on 488 Children and Adolescents (boys 278, girls 210) aged 10 to 19, the Jaffe reaction method was used to gather the data. The highest serum creatinine levels were found in boys aged 19 to 20 years, the mean being 0.97 mg/dL (min 0.81 mg/dL, max 1.14 mg/dL). The levels showed increase over those in the 10 year old group. The highest urine creatinine levels were found aged 19 to 20 years, and the mean was 222.68 mg/dL (min 133 mg/dL, max 324 mg/dL). In the case of girls, the highest serum creatinine levels were found with those aged between 18 and 19, the mean being 0.71 mg/dL (min 0.49 mg/dL, max 0.84 mg/dL). The levels showed increase over the 11 to 18 year old group. The highest urine creatinine levels were found aged 14 to 15 years, and the mean was 218.44 mg/dL (min 131 mg/dL, max 321 mg/dL). The mean difference in serum creatinine in all age groups was statistically significant except for those aged 10 to 14, that of urine creatinine in all age groups was not significant statistically except for those aged 12 to 13, 17 to 18. Therefore, it is suggested that reference values for children and adolescents should be divided into different groups according to gender, further studies are needed using complementing data of the pediatrics.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1989

1982년(年)부터 1984년도(年度)까지 3년간(年間)에 걸처, 일본내(日本內) 중부(中部) Saitama현(縣)의 우(牛) 1,306두(頭)와 남부(南部)의 Kagoshima현(縣)의 우(牛) 536두(頭)를 대상(對象)으로 하여 일본뇌염(日本腦炎)바이라스 (JEV)의 적혈구응집억제(赤血球凝集抑制) (HI) 항체양성율(抗體陽性率)을 검사(檢査)한 바, Kagoshima현(縣)에선 68.8% 그리고 Saitama 현(縣)에서는 65.5%가 양성(陽性)이었다. 계절별(季節別)로는 양지역(兩地域)이 공(供)히 하절(夏節)에 항체양성율(抗體陽性率)이 높았고, 연령별(年齡別) 양성율(陽性率)은 Saitama 현(縣)의 경우 64.0%부터 82.8%까지 분포(分布)하고, Kagoshima현(縣)의 우(牛)는 1세군(歲群)에서 29.4%, 2세군(歲群)에선 50.0%, 3세군(歲群)에선 47.4% 그리고 4세군(歲群)에선 74.5%의 양성율(陽性率)을 나타내었다. 그리고 양지역(兩地域)의 연령(年齡)과 항체력가간(抗體力價間)에는 상관성(相關性)이 없었고, Saitama현(縣) 우(牛)의 역가(力價)는 연령(年齡)에 따라 15.3~22.5, Kagoshima 현우(縣牛)은 20.0~32.3이었다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1528-1528
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• 2001

Ginseng cultivated in different country or growing condition has generally different components such as saponin and protein, and it relates to efficacy and action. Protein content assumes by nitrogen content in ginseng radix. Nitrogen content could be determined by chemical analysis such as kjeldahl or extraction methods. However, these methods require long analysis time and result environmental pollution and sample damage. In this work we investigated possibility of non-destructive determination of nitrogen content in ginseng radix using near-infrared spectroscopy. Ginseng radix, root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, was studied. Total 120 samples were used in this study and it was consisted of 6 sample sets, 4, 5 and 6-year-old Korea ginseng and 7, 8 and 9-year-old China ginseng, respectively. Each sample set has 20 sample. Nigrogen content was measured by electronic analysis. NIR reflectance spectra were collected over the 1100 to 2500 nm spectral region with a InfraAlyzer 500C (Bran+Luebbe, Germany) equipped with a halogen lapmp and PbS detector and data were collected every 2 nm data point intervals. The calibration models were carried out by multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis using IDAS and SESAME software. Result of electronic analysis, Korean ginseng were different mean value in nitrogen content of China ginseng. Ginseng tend to generally decrease the nitrogen content according as cultivation year is over 6 years. The MLR calibration model with 8 wavelengths using IDAS software accurately predicted nitrogen contents with correlation coefficient (R) and standard error of prediction of 0.985 and 0.855%, respectively. In case of SESAME software, the MLR calibration with 9 wavelength was selected the best calibration, R and SEP were 0.972 and 0.596%, respectively. The PLSR calibration model result in 0.969 of R and 0.630 of RMSEP. This study shows the NIR spectroscopy could be applied to determine the nitrogen content in ginseng radix with high accuracy.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

The current study presents an instrumental phonetic analysis of Korean monophthong vowels in the early twentieth century Seoul Korean, based on audio recordings of elementary school textbooks Botonghakgyo Joseoneodokbon (Korean Reading Textbook for Elementary School). The data examined in this study were a list of the Korean mono syllables (Banjeol), and a short passage, recorded by one 41-year-old male speaker in 1935, as well as a short passage recorded by one 11-year-old male speaker in 1935. The Korean monophthongs were examined in terms of acoustic analysis of the vowel formants (F1, F2) and compared to those recorded by 18 male speakers of Seoul Korean in 2013. The results show that in 1935, 1) /e/ and /ɛ/ were clearly separated in the vowel space; 2) /o/ and /u/ were also clearly separated without any overlapping values; 3) some tokens of /y/ and /ø/ were produced as monophthongs, not as diphthongs. Based on the results, we can observe the historical change of the Korean vowels over 80-90 years such as 1) /e/ and /ɛ/ have been merged; and 2) /o/ has been raised and overlapped with /u/.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2007

Bovine leukosis is one of the important diseases in Korea because of economic losses, and this study was conducted to provide basic information for the control of the disease. A total of 2,104 sera were obtained from 491 farms and examined by commercial kit. In the seroprevalence of farms and heads, 71 farms out of 491 were seropositive (14.5%) and 119 heads were positive (5.7%) out of 2,104. In the areal distribution of seropositiveness, Soseong-myeon showed the highest rate (39.5%, 15/38 farms)and Yeongwon-myeon was the lowest (2.6%, 1/38 farms). By age, positive rate in the below of 1 year old cattle was much less than that in the over of 1 year old, namely, the former was 1.9% (3/161 farms) and the latter 20.6% (68/330 farms). According to the farm size, there was no significant difference among the size. However, the highest rate was shown in the farms having 50-99 heads, 23.2% (13/56 farms).

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2023

Empty nose syndrome is an uncommon complication of turbinoplasty and other nasal operations. It presents with various manifestations, with the most common symptom being paradoxical nasal obstruction. Here, we report the case of a 67-year-old male patient diagnosed with empty nose syndrome 20 years after turbinoplasty. Autologous auricular conchal cartilage was harvested and implanted into the lateral wall of the inferior turbinate to reduce nasal volume. The patient experienced significant relief from subjective nasal obstruction symptoms immediately after surgery. Over a 23-month follow-up period, no side effects or symptom recurrence was reported.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence rate, surgery tendency, and risk factors of cataracts among the elderly in Korea. The subjects were 40-95 years old men and women using the National Health Services' surgical statistics. Among the 33 major surgeries, which increased by 1.1% per year for the last 20years (1.6 million), the most operated surgery in 2020 was cataract surgery (454,000), the number of which was 858.8 per 100,000 people. Among the surgical patients, cataract patients (7.9% increased) was the third largest among the top (2016-2020) constantly with annually 2.2% increasing for 20 years (19.95 million). The medical expenses of major surgeries (excluding non-benefit) increased by an average rate of 9.3% per year over the 20 years (7,204 billion won) out of a total medical expenses of 7.2 trillion won, and the cataract surgery (813.2 billion won) was the second largest among the medical expenses in 2020 (top 3). This study showed that there was a high correlation between cataract and smoking, low income, and low-educated, whereas being no concentration of cataract patient in tertiary hospitals.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated 5-year-old children's developmental levels for creative and social personalities according to gender, and whether participation in STEAM-based unplugged robotic activities can improve their creative and social personalities. Methods: Participants were 5-year-old children (N=125) from 11 child care centers. The experimental group included 29 boys and 24 girls enrolled in classrooms that implemented an unplugged activities curriculum over five weeks. The control group consisted of 38 boys and 34 girls. Data were analyzed using a t-test and analysis of covariance, and Hedges' g was used to measure effect size. Results: First, the participating children's mean scores on creative and social personalities were 3.20 and 3.53 on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively. Girls scored higher than boys in sensitivity-various interests and imagination-playfulness domains of creative personality and all three domains of social personality. Second, children in the experimental group showed improvement in all domains of social personality and the effect size was large. They also improved in three domains (openness-humor, imagination-playfulness, independency-immersion) of creative personality, although the effect size was small. Conclusion/Implications: The results imply that implementing a robotics curriculum with unplugged play activities in early childhood classrooms contributes to 5-year-old children's development of creative and social personalities.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.292-303
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• 2021

Studies that relate the structure of tropical regrowth vegetation to soil properties are generally lacking in the literature. This study proposes three indices for assessing the structural regeneration of secondary forests. They are: (1) the tree diameter class, (2) the plant life form and (3) the woody/herbaceous plants ratio indices. They were applied to assess the regeneration status of forest regrowth vegetation (aged 1-10 years), derived savanna regrowth vegetation in south western Nigeria, and to secondary forests in different stages of succession in Columbia and Venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico in South and Central America and semi-arid savanna in Ethiopia and seasonal deciduous forest successional stages in India. In all the cases, the indices increased with increasing age of regrowth vegetation and hence, with increasing structural complexity of regenerating vegetation. The tree diameter class index increased from 32.1% in a 9-year secondary forest to 69.0% in an 80-year-old secondary forest in Columbia and Venezuela and from 0.4% in a 1-year fallow to 20.9% in 10-year regrowth vegetation in southwestern Nigeria. In semi-arid savanna in northern Ethiopia, the woody/herbaceous plants ratio index increased from 18.1% in a 5-year protected grazing enclosure to 75.1% in 15-year protected enclosure, relative to the status of 20-year enclosure. The indices generally had correlations of 0.6-0.90 with species richness and Simpson's/Margalef's species diversity, implying that they are appropriate measures of ecosystem development over time. The proposed indices also had strong and positive correlations with soil organic carbon and nutrients. They are therefore, significant indicators of fertility status.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2005

밀어의 개체군생태 연구를 위하여 2003년 5월부터 2005년 6월까지 북한강수계에서 조사, 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사 하천 중 밀어의 밀도가 가장 높은 주된 서식지는 호수 유입부와 인접한 하천의 하류부였으며 돌과 자갈이 많은 여울지역에서 다수 채집되었다. 주된 동서어류는 피라미, 갈겨니, 돌마자, 참종개 등이었다. 암, 수컷 모두 만 1년이면 성적으로 성숙하는 것으로 나타났으며, 산란시기는 5-6월 (수온 $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$), 산란성기는 5월 20일경부터 6월 10일경으로 판단되었고, 평균 포란수는 $989{\pm}511$ (151~2,209)개였다. 성비는 1 : 0.90 (♀:♂)으로 근소하게 암컷이 우세하였다. 연령은 전장 약 40 mm 이하군은 만 1년생, 40~52mm군은 만 2년생, 52~65mm군은 만 3년생 그리고 65 mm 이상군은 만 4년생으로 추정되었으며, 암, 수간 성장의 차이는 없었다. 산란소는, 수심 평균 $13.7{\pm}5.8$ (5~31) cm (N = 80), 유속 평균 $9.6{\pm}4.8$ (10~19) cm/sec (N = 35)의 장소에 형성하였으며, 알을 보호하고 있는 수컷의 보유 난수는 평균 $1,974{\pm}1810$개였다 (egg number = $95.022_{TL}-3507$ ($r^2=0.3591$, N = 33). 유하한 부화자어는 6월말부터 8월까지 소상하였으며 이 때 최소형의 전장은 대부분 20 mm 이상이었다.