• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2023

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option for obesity, but its effects on reproductive hormones are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of bariatric surgery on estrogen and progesterone levels in women with obesity. This was a prospective study that included 87 women with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and 87 control women with obesity who did not. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up periods to measure reproductive hormones and Adiponectin as well as medical history and physical examination for endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study found that sleeve gastrectomy significantly increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in the bariatric surgery group compared to the control group at 3 and 6-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of estrogen and progesterone between the two groups at the 3-month follow-up period. Bariatric surgery leads to significant weight loss in women with obesity, but it does not seem to have a significant impact on estrogen and progesterone levels in the short-term. Future studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to investigate the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on reproductive hormones.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the ovarian responses of the ovulation point, ovarian weight and size, the number of ovarian follicles and collected embryos, and to study the effects of the developmental stages (oocytes, 2-4 cell. 8-16 cell and morulae), additional levels of Ficoll (0, 15, 30%) on the survival rate (FDA-test) of rat embryos frozen in vitrification solution (20% glycerol + 10% ethylene glycol + 10% sucrose). Sunanarized results was as follows; 1. The mean ovulation point per head was 7, and the weight of ovaries was 0.03g. The size of ovary was 5.9 mm(L) and 4.6 mm(W), and the number of ovarian follicles over and below 2 mm was 4.7 and 8.7, respectively. The number of the collected embryos per head was 5.5 (79%). 2. 2. The FDA score of embryos frozen in 20 G 10 E 10 S without Ficoll was 2.8 (oocyte), 2.6 (2-4 cell), 3.9 (8-16 cell) and 3.6 (morula), respectively. However, there were no significant differences among treatments. 3. The FDA score of embryos frozen in 20 G 10 E 10 S with 15% Ficoll was 3.4 (oocyte), 4.0 (2-4 cell), 4.7 (8-16 cell) and 4.8 (morulae), respectively (P>0.05). 4. The FDA score of embryos frozen in 20 G 10 E 10 S with 30 % Ficoll was 3.7 (oocyte), 3.2 (2-4 cell), 4.4 (8-16 cell) and 4.4 (morulae), respectively (P>0.05). 5. As shown in the above results, the higher survival rate was obtained in the treatment of 15% Ficoll than that of 30%. And the survival rate (FDA-test)of the oocytes and 2-4 cell stages of the rat embryos was lower than that of 8~16 cell and morulae stages. It was considered that 8-16 cell and morulae could be available for the successful freezing by vitrification of rat embryos with 15% Ficoll except for oocytes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Eyestalk ablation (ESA) is commonly used in aquaculture to stimulate ovarian maturation in crustaceans, and methyl farnesoate (MF) affects crustacean molting and reproduction. To investigate the physiological effects of ESA and MF treatments on the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, we compared the effects of single eyestalk removal and MF injections. The ESA group had the lowest survival rate (50%), and individuals in the $0.1{\mu}g$ and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF-treated groups had survival rates of 80 and 73.3%, respectively. Conversely, molting numbers were highest in the ESA group, and similar to those of the 1.0-${\mu}g$ MF group. To investigate shrimp growth, we measured body weight during the experimental period and found that individuals in the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups showed significant increases in body weight. Furthermore, to investigate the effects of ESA and MF treatments on gonadal maturation, the gonad somatic index (GSI) was calculated after the experiment. All treated groups (ESA and MF) had higher GSI values than the control group, but the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups were not significantly different. Using histological ovary analysis, we determined that all treated groups showed indications of the previtellogenic stage, unlike the control group (immature stage). These results suggest that the high-MF-concentration treatment produced effects similar to those of ESA with respect to molting number, growth, and ovarian maturation.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 1994

Gonadal developmint, age and growth of Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated using samples from the intertidal zone of Simpo on the coast of Kimje, Korea, which were collected onthly for one year from Februaty 1993 to January 1994.Ruditapes philippinarum is diecious in sex. The gonads are located between the subregion of the midintestinal glands and reticular connective tissue of the foot. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis is composed of numerous seminiferous tubules. The clam spawns once a year from early June to darly October, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when the water temperature went above 23$^{\circ}C$. Ripe oocytes are about 65-70${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter. Gonadal phases of this species can be divided into five successive stages; multiplicative(February to March), growing (April to May), mature(Aprilto Septimber), spent(June to October), and degenerative and resting(july to March). Spawning is closely related to the sea water temperature. Based on the monthly variations of marginal index (MI')of the shell, it was suggested that the annual ring mark formation occurred in March once a year and took approximately 8 months (0.67 year) for first ring to be formed on the shell. The relationship between the shell length(SL) and the total weight (TW) was represented by nonlinear equation; TW=1.208 x 10/ sup -4/ S $L^{3.158}$, and also in the relationship be-tweenthe shell length (SL) and the shell height(SH), the shell length and the shell width (SW) were represented by the linear equations; SH=0.726 SL-0.483, SW=0.542 SL-0.803.Growth curves for shell length and total weight fitted to von Bertalanffs equation were expressed as: S $L_{t}$ =68.34(1- $e^{0.221}$(t+0.418)) T $W_{t}$ =75.16(1- $e^{0.221}$(t=0.418))$^{3.158/3.158}$

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.957-966
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• 2004

본 연구는 내분비 장애물질 중 관찰물질로 지정된 BPA의 투여가 생쥐의 번식특성과 생리기능에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 웅성 생쥐에 BPA를 체중 kg당 무처리구, 대조구, 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA을 투여한 구에서 실험개시시와 실험종료시의 체중, 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며, 정소의 무게는 5.0mg 투여구가 다소 낮은 무게를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 없었다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 생존율과 유효정자수는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으나 정자농도는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 정자농도를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 기형율은 5.0mg 투여구가 무처리구, 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 기형율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 웅성의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향에서 RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, BUN 및 total protein은 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 번식기관 무게에 미치는 영향은 실험개시시 체중, 실험종료시 체중 및 자궁의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었지만, 오른쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 왼쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구가 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 무게를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 자성 생쥐의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향은 RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin 및 total protein은 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며, PLT는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 혈중 BUN의 함량은 BPA 투여구가 대조구 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 함량을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직검사에서는 모든 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제5_6권
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• pp.39-46
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• 1968

본시험은 5개 기주식물(뽕나무$\cdot$버즘나무$\cdot$미류나무$\cdot$네군도나무 및 사과나무)의 Nitrogen$\cdot$Phosphorus$\cdot$Potassium 및 Sugar함량이 흰불나방의(Hyphantria cunea DRURY) 유충기간$\cdot$용기간$\cdot$용체중$\cdot$자아의 포난수 및 $\gamma-BHC$에 대한 감응도에 미치는 영향을 조사연구하기 위해 시행되었다. 그 시험결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 공시 기주식물엽의 Nitrogen$\cdot$Phosphorus$\cdot$Potassiuln 및 Sugar함양은 기주의 종류와 화기(1화기와 2화기)에 따라 각각 상이한 차가 있었다(표 1). (2) 1, 2화기 유충기간과 용기간은 비교적 N의 함량이 많은 뽕나무에서 짧았고 그렇지 않은 사과나무에서 가장 긴 경향이었으며, 1화기보다 2화기에서 더 짧아졌다. 이들은 기주의 N함량과 유의성은 인정할 수 없었으나(1화기 유충기간은 제외), 비교적 높은 부의 상관을 나타낸 것으로 보아 P·K 및 Sugar에 비하여 크게 관여한 것 같았다. (3) 용체중과 포난수에 있어서도 (2)의 경우와 마찬가지로 기주의 종류, 자웅의 성 및 화기에 따라 현저한 차이가 있었다(표 3). 용체중은 N의 함량이 많은 뽕나무에서 역시 가장 높았고 그렇지 않은 사과나무에서 가장 낮았으며, 자아당 평균 포란수에 있어서도 용체중의 경향과 비슷하였다. 용체중이나 포난수의 경우나 영양과의 관계는 유의한 상관을 인정할 수 없었으나 크게 관여한 것은 N의 함량으로 생각되었다. (4) $\gamma-BHC$에 대한 천불나방유충의 내약력은 기주의 종류에 따라 현저한 차가 있었으며, 그 감응도는 네군도나무$\cdot$미류나무$\cdot$버즘나무$\cdot$사과나무$\cdot$뽕나무 순으로 강하였다(표 6). 역시 유의한 상관을 인정할 수는 없었으나 N·P 및 Sugar보다 K의 함량이 많은 기주 일수록 $\gamma-BHC$에 대한 유충의 내약력이 강한 경향을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of cage type (CT) and cage density (CD) on physiological variables in growing rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n=108) weighing an average of 46 g were housed in metallic cage with woodchip bedding (MCWB), metallic cage with wire mesh (MCWM), and plastic shoebox with woodchip bedding (PCWB) separately by sex at normal ($160-cm^2/rat$, ND) and high ($80-cm^2/rat$, HD) CD from 3 to 10 wks of age. All cages were in dimension of $24{\times}40{\times}20$ cm ($W{\times}D{\times}H$). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and 6 rats from each cage were sacrificed. No death was observed among rats at ND, whereas mortality rate at HD was 22.3% for males and 13.9% for females. Heart weight was affected by CT. Doubling CD caused 23, 11.8, 17.9, 8.6, 6.9, and 16.4% decreases in BW and weights of heart, liver, kidney, testis, and ovary, respectively. Except for adrenal gland, other organs for males were heavier than for females. Liver weight of males and females responded differently to CT and CD. Comparing with females, males had 7.3 and 5.2% heavier and 9.9% lighter liver weights in MCWB, MCWM, and PCWB, respectively. As CD doubled, liver weight for males and females decreased by 22.4 and 13.1%, respectively. Mean adrenal gland weight increased by 8.4% and decreased by 9.7% for males and females, respectively, with doubling CD. CT affected glucose, TG, Ca, and ALP levels. However, CD did not alter blood chemistry. Rats housed in metallic cages had greater neutrophil count and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio than rats housed in plastic cages. Doubling CD caused a 24.2% increase in lymphocyte count. There were CT by CD, CT by sex, and CD by sex interaction effects on lymphocyte count. Doubling CD caused 0.1% decrease and 49.8 and 26.7% increases in lymphocyte count for rats housed in MCWB, MCWM, and PCWB, respectively. Comparing with females, lymphocyte count for males housed in MCWB, MCWM, and PCWB had 8.9 and 12.9% greater and 30.3% less lymphocyte counts, respectively. Lymphocyte count decreased by 4.12% for males, whereas it increased by 61.0% for females as CD doubled. Doubling CD resulted in 2.5 and 2.3% increases in erythrocyte count and hematocrit value. These data suggest that animals perform better in metallic cages than in plastic cages and that cage density had pronounceable effects on physiological parameters in a cage type and sex dependent-manner.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 1993

The spawning and growth of eightspine stickleback,Pungitius sinensis kaiborae (Tanaka, 19151, were investigated in the Chavang Stream from March 1990 to february 1991 as a part of study on its life history. Nest building, spavming and parental behaviors were similar to those known on the sticklebacks of Europe, North America and Japan. Bht f sinensis kaibarae in the Chayang Stream, peculiarly, showed only superficial gluing behavior in nest building phase and made two nurseries iust behind the nest in Parental Phase. The individuals with fully mature eggs were found from late February to late June. The fecundity of an adult female was about 21 to 110 (mean 47.07) eggs and the diameter of kllv matured ovarian eggs ranged 1.3 to 1.5 mm. The smallest female with fully mature eggs was 25.8 mm in body length and had 21 eggs. The relationship between the number of mature eggs in ovary and body length was No. of eggs = 2.857BL -55.134 (r = 0.890). The number of deposited eggs in a nest was 27 to 637 and thew were composed of several clusters of various developmental stages. The distribution pattern of gonadsomatic index (GSl) against the body length shown that in females 1+ year-old fishes mainly participate in spawning but in males 11 and 2+ year-old fishes equally participate. From the fluctuat지n pattern of GSI and the number of mature eggs in ovary, it was assumed that the spawning season was from February to June and the peak of spawning was early March to late April. The newly hatched vouns was found at late April and their body length was about 10 mm. The vouns (O+) grew rapidly until late August. Then their srowth was slowed down and finallY ceased in midautumn. The young reached about 35 mm BL in their first year of life. The halting of growth was lasted to next Sune when the spawning season would be nearly closed. They (1+) began to grow asain from late june, grew rapidly until tate september and reached about 415 mm BL. Then there was no more grouvth until to die as 2+ yearold fish. Therefore it was assumed that the life span of P. sinensis kaibarae in the Chavang Stream would be about ko years. The relationship between the body length and the body weight was logBW = 2.9541ogBL -4.802 (r = 0.998).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.926-936
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• 2003

Overexpression of human Bcl-2 protein in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing humanized antibody (SH2-0.32) considerably suppressed sodium butyrate (NaBu)-induced apoptosis during batch culture by using commercially available serum-free medium, which extended the culture longevity. Due to the extended culture longevity provided by the anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl-2 overexpression, the final antibody concentration of 14C6-bcl-2 culture (Bcl-2 high producer, $23\;\mu\textrm{g}\;ml^{-1}$) was 2 times higher than that of the $SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$ culture (cells transfected with bcl-2-deficient plasmid, $10.5\;\mu\textrm{g}\;ml^{-1}$) in the presence of NaBu. To determine the effect of NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression on the molecular integrity of protein products, antibodies purified from 14C6-bcl-2 and $SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$ cultures in the presence of NaBu were characterized by using various molecular assay systems. For comparison, antibody purified from the parental rCHO cell culture (SH2-0.32) in the absence of NaBu was also characterized. No significant changes in molecular weight of antibodies could be observed by SDS-PAGE. From GlycoSep-N column analysis, it was found that the core oligosaccharide structure ($GlcNAc_2Man_3GlcNAc_2$) was not affected by NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression, while the microheterogeneity of N-linked oligosaccharide structure was slightly affected. Compared with the antibody produced in the absence of NaBu, the proportion of neutral oligosaccharides was increased from 10% (14C6-bcl-2) to 16% ($SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$) in the presence of NaBu, which was accompanied by the reduced proportion of acidic oligosaccharides, especially of monosialylated and disialylated forms. The changes in microheterogeneous oligoformal structures of antibody in turn affected the mobility of antibody isoforms in isoelectric focusing (IEF), resulting in the occurrence of some more basic antibody isoforms produced in the presence of NaBu. However, the antigen-antibody binding properties were not changed by alteration of glycosylation pattern. The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the antibody produced by NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression maintained its antigen-antibody binding properties with binding affinity of about $2.5{\times}10^9{\;}M^{-1}$. Taken together, no significant effects of NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression on the molecular integrity of antibodies, produced by using serum-free medium, could be observed by the molecular assay systems.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 정소로부터 DMRT-1 partial cDNA를 분리하였다. 넙치 DMRT-1은 317개의 염기로 구성되어 있으며, Atlantic halibut, 감성돔 및 무지개 송어와 각각 94%, 85%, 82%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. RT-PCR을 이용하여 DMRT-1 mRNA 발현은 난소보다 정소에서 높게 나타난 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한, 암컷 넙치에 웅성호르몬인 testosterone 처리시 처리 농도에 따라 난소에서 DMRT-1 mRNA 발현이 증가함을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서, DMRT-1은 수컷에서 특이적으로 발현되는 유전자임을 알 수 있으며, 본 연구의 결과는 넙치의 성 전환 및 유도에 대한 기초자료를 제공할 것이다.