• International Journal of Safety
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2002

Kullback Discrimination Information (KDI) is one of the pattern recognition methods. KDI defined as a measure of the mutual dissimilarity computed between two time series was studied for detection and classification of bearing flaking on outer-race and inner-races. To model the damages, the bearings in normal condition, outer-race flaking condition and inner-races flaking condition were provided. The vibration sensor was attached by the bearing housing. This produced the total 25 pieces of data each condition, and we chose the standard data and measure of distance between standard and tested data. It is difficult to detect the flaking because similar pulses come out when balls pass the defection point. The detection and classification method for inner and outer races are defected by KDI and nearest neighbor classification rule is proposed and its high performance is also shown.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 제7회 단조 심포지엄
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.260-263
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• 2004

Since Outerrace is one of the components of driving shaft for power train of automobile and transmits high torque, high strength and high toughness are necessary so forging process is adopted to manufacture such parts. Therefore, in order to improve strength and toughness, heat treatment is accomplished after plastic deformation(forging). Because Each component of driving shaft is mounted to automobile after a series of forging, machining and heat treatment, in order to evaluate mechanical properties of such components in use, plastic deformation and heat treatment must be considered. So, in this paper, tensile tests are performed with tensile specimens which have passed through a series of upsetting, machining and heat treatment to evaluate mechanical properties of such components.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.36-45
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• 1994

This paper describes how to identify standard numbers and to diagnose defects of the ball bearings. The first stage of the networks is a procedures for identifying standard numbers of the bearings, and the next stage carries out the diagnosis of defects on the outer race and the inner race of bearings. The identification and the diagnosis of bearings were carried out by simulations and experiments.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1125-1130
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• 2017

$170^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 작동하는 자동변속기 토크컨버터의 리액터와 끝단 레이스 두 부품간 이빨이 서로 맞닿는 부분의 응력을 분산시키고, 수명을 증가시키기 위하여 치(이빨), 스플라인 두 형태의 리액터의 치형상을 FEM 최적화하였다. 최적화에 선행하여 서로 다른 재료로 된 두 부품의 열팽창에 의한 간격을 해석하였으며, 그 결과 열팽창 후에 치형 리액터는 약 0.1 mm, 스플라인형 리액터는 약 0.08 mm의 추가 간격이 발생한다는 것을 확인하였다. 형상최적화 결과 두 가지 형태의 리액터 치가 모두 비대칭 사다리꼴 형상으로 최적화 되었다. 이로 인해 치형 리액터의 경우 기존 비최적화 모델 대비, 최대등가응력이 24.5 % 감소하였으며, 스플라인형 리액터는 기존 비최적화 모델 대비 최대등가응력은 9.3 % 감소하였으며, 축 방향 두께는 13 % 감소하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2023

This study deals with residual stress prediction and hardness evaluation within cross ball grooved inner race fabricated by cold upsetting process consisted of upsetting and ejection steps. A raw workpiece material of AISI 5120H (SCr420H) is first spheroidized and annealed, then phosphophyllite coated to form solid lubricant layer on its outer surface. To investigate influences of the heat treatment, uni-axial compression tests and Vickers micro-hardness measurements are conducted. Three-dimensional elasto-plastic FE simulations on the upsetting step and the ejection one are performed to visualize the residual stress and the ductile (plastic deformation) damage. External feature of the fabricated inner race is fully captured by using an optical 3D scanner, and the micro-hardness is measured on internal cross-sections. Consequently, the dimensional compatibility between the simulated inner race and the fabricated one is ensured with a difference of under 0.243mm that satisfied permissible error range of ±0.50mm on the grooved surface, and the predicted residual stress is verified to have similar distribution tendency with the measured Vickers micro-hardness.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1021-1022
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• 2010

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 제35회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.143-149
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• 2002

Ball reducer with waved grooves has many advantages over other reducers for the high-reduction ratios, low noise and low energy loss, etc. The mechanism of force transmission is very similar to that of cam and follower in automobile valve train system especially in the contact geometry. In this study, we have investigated the traces of contact between ball and outer race and the working behaviors with a certain reduction ratio. In order to verify the contact behaviors between ball and outer race, which determines the critical endurance life the contact velocity and load are computed for a cycle. During some period of a cycle, the contact velocity reverses its direction very suddenly, which causes undesirable endurance performance of this machinery. From the computational investigation in this work, we hope to predict similar contact damages in other machinery due to this kind of contact behaviors, which is very common in many contact phenomena.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.211-214
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• 2006

The outer race of the constant velocity(CV) joint is an important load-supporting automotive part, which transmits torque between the transmission and the wheel. The outer race is difficult to forge, because its shape is very complex and the required dimensional tolerances are very stringent. Therefore, the internet based shape inspection system is developed in this study to provide quick and accurate data through the easy control from users. Proposed system uses mechanical displacement sensors to measure the shape of CV joint that has six inner ball grooves, and commercially available Lab-View program is used to process measured data into the dimensional shape. Developed program provides a simple user interface that enables users real-time access of data measured from industrial production lines. Furthermore, it can exchange measured data via the internet between users and forging system operators. A java applet helped the system connection via internet. A data, IP access, is transmitted to the packet by TCP/IP. Our proposed system has many advantages over current measuring systems including fast and efficient data processing by real-time control, and system flexibility.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2012

In this paper, a manufacturing process for a ball bearing outer race is studied by experiments and predictions, which is composed of four hot forging stages and the final hot or warm profile ring rolling stage. An analysis model and some assumption to simulate the profile ring rolling process is introduced. The entire process including the forging stages and ring rolling stage is simulated using a rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method and the predictions are compared with the experiments in terms of major dimensions, showing that they are quantitatively very close to each other.