• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1840-1846
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• 2014

An experimental outdoor optical wireless data communication system with an optical filter in the presence of sunlight or artificial light is presented. For the efficient blocking of light noise outdoors, we employ an optical filter made of microlouver film on the top of the photo diode. This filter is designed to block any light noise incident from an angle higher than $30^{\circ}$ on the assumption that light noise does not face the photo diode horizontally. Outdoor experiments daytime with the optical filtering have been conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the optical filter effectively blocks nearly all light noise incident from the specified angle or higher and more than 90% of the transmitted data packets are successfully received. The proposed outdoor visible light data communication can thus facilitate a practical free space outdoor optical wireless data transmission.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 1987

The concept of ‘Open Space’ is conceived to be very valuable subject of interest in developing modern settlement system. In Korea, many new and old residential sites have been developed or renewed to fulfil the housing demands. And such trends seem to continue for the time being. What is more, the requirments for more comfortable residential environments, that is deeply concerned with ‘Open Space’, inorease gradually. As a basis for designing more efficent residential environments to fit Korean morden life style, self - grown, traditional and agricultural villages are studied. This study is concenturated on the Open Space System with its socio - cultural and physical backgrounds. For this, data and materials are some widely collected and are analysed focused on the systems and structures of ‘Open Spaee’. Some results from this study are summarized as follow ; 1. It is assumed that the number of houses per village is around 60, and that its area reaches to the radious of 3-4km. 2. ‘POONGSU’is a generally adopted theory based on natural elements like mountians, waters, and orientations when locating villages and composing their spatial structures. As a result of this, the basic structures of villages and Open Space are defined. 3. Circulation system is integrated to the hierachyal order system ; that is, Passing Road \longrightarrowEntry Road\longrightarrowCentral Read\longrightarrowDisperse and Access Road. 4. The natural and agricultural land uses are overlapped with diverse outdoor activities - religious services, play and recreation, relaxation, etc - without any physical modification. 5. At each villages, several artificial and spot - like green facilities are found. And distinctive functions, meanings, and locationalities are given to each of them. On that, they become a visual and psychological centers of each village. 6. In addition to its basic function of circulation, Central Road takes the sence of place for outdoor activities. Because of this charactor, it plays an important role of activating the village life and binding the various Open Space elements.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.441-453
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• 2008

With the rapid progress of location based services, GIS, and ubiquitous computing technologies, the space that we are dealing with is no longer limited to outdoor space but being extended to indoor space. Indoor space has some differences from outdoor space, therefore to provide integrated spaces and seamless services, it is required to establish new theories, data models, and systems. For this reason, ambitious project has been launched last year to establish a theoretical background, develop a core technologies and systems, and provide services of indoor spatial awareness. In this paper, we present an overall sketch on the project and major research topics. First, we present the ISA (indoor spatial awareness) project with its goal and research topics. Second, a simplified 3D spatial model, called prism model, is proposed as a basic data types and operators of indoor spatial DBMS. Third, a indoor feature data model, developed T. Kolbe et al. who is a member of this project team, is introduced in this paper. This model provides a basis for the integration of different spaces.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.151-159
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• 2002

This research is to analyze the characteristics of housing remodeling behaviors within detached houses that located at three small cities in the central part of Korea. The characteristics indicate similar aspects of maintenance and improvement behaviors in the occurrence time and space, while space alteration shows different aspects. In the frequency of occurrences, maintenance behaviors occurring in the point of building maintenance and preservation is performed most actively, the next is improvement behaviors, and space alteration behaviors is the lowest frequency. Type of remodeling behaviors shows the characteristics that maintenance behaviors are active in served spaces(bed room space, family living space) while alteration and improvement behaviors occur more in servant spaces.(household working space, outdoor space and sanitary space)

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is examine the characteristics of public open space in the office buildings located in urban commercial strip, in terms of its relationships to street, to building, and to order surrounding facilities. Theoretical basis of this research is that public outdoor spaces are to be the intermediate territory set between streets and a buildings. 5 commercial buildings in Seoul are selected as sample cases and they were closely analyzed in a comparative manner. Based on this comparison, several planning guidelines are suggested for the activation of the space, mainly in terms of the location of public open space in relation to street, the design techniques and devises reflecting the purpose of the space, and territorial arrangement and furniture layout, and the patterns of relationship to surrounding space and facilities.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

This study suggested the environmental components for open space in a healing environment based on the social support approach for integrating and enhancing users' activities and interactions. The physical environments of the open space in healing facilities should be suggested by social support design and support the interactions of various users. Particularly architectural environment conditions should reinforce the contribution to the revitalization of medical facilities based on improving the healing effect of patients through mutual exchange of users. The open space environment conditions influence users' healing process with physical design factors and users' interactions, and the flexible environments based on the social support that is crucial for circulation and mutual exchange of users. The open space transformation, integration of technology, and wayfinding system with color and signage also allow users to improve the space experience and easy access. The environmental components of open space design should include easy access for user inflow, flexible layout for comfort, access to outdoor spaces, integration of warm color schemes for relaxation, personalization of spaces with artwork, and visual interest through the use of textures and materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

In terms of quality of life, leisure and health have become important issues with increasing incomes and decreasing working hours in Korea. This study empirically investigates the effects of urban open space on outdoor leisure activities, emphasizing that parks, river banks, and physical activity sites can provide opportunities such as walking, jogging, stretching, and cycling, free of charge to all residents. Based on 2010 sample survey data on leisure activities, multiple regression model as well as hierarchical linear model are estimated, taking account of both individual characteristics on demand and environmental/areal factors on supply side, including open space. Major findings include: first, urban open space significantly increases residents' outdoor leisure activities, second, the effect is more significant for the elderly and third, the effect is more valid for those with relatively low incomes and less education. These results imply that urban open space could be available as a local public good to cope with population aging and to realize health city and social welfare, since this space is not only a leisure place but also public health and welfare facilities.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

This study aimed at exploring the cultural ways to develope the under-space of overpass in the downtown area which has been considered as a dead, unhealthy place. The study process consists of 4 methodological stages. literature review, case study on environmental design of under-space of overpass, questionnaire and statistical analysis and specific study on regional context were conducted to understand the problems of the space and the needs of the community and visitors. The final suggestion based on the research are the natural rest settings including pocket parks with trees and fountain as well as cultural settings with small sized outdoor gallery and open performance stage which can be managed by the community members. The findings of this study would help the dead space in the center of the city regenerate the community in terms of physical, cultural and social environments. Also, this study will show the importance and the methodological approach of the research for the development of the hidden potential space of the city.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of area and spatial elements according to the building size and provide the guidelines for space planning of the child care center. This study used the content analysis method and analysis was made on the floor plans for 51 cases and the floor plans were converted to Autocad drawings to analyze the area. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Child care centers over 70% were single-attached building types which made it possible for creating outdoor environments for children. However, most small-size centers which had under 50 children did not have the facilities for outdoor activities. 2) In terms of spatial elements, the basic spaces of the small-size center were the classroom, bathroom, kitchen, office and reference room. The medium or large size centers had extra rooms for special activities and service spaces in addition to the basic spaces. 3) Classroom area per child was 2.65 m2 on average. Space composition ratio on average for care, staff, and service was programmed by 57%, 9%, 34% respectively. Small-size center had relatively more care space when compared to the others. In the case of large-size centers, there was a tendency that service space was increased, but care space was decreased.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.527-532
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• 2009

Recently, the size of Large Space has been gradually enlarged, according to the development of technology, and because they're used not only for indoor events, but also for various outdoor sports, for example, baseball or soccer. Therefore, there are more demands for developing indoor environment control technology to establish indoor thermal-environment which is proper for different events held in Large Space. This study aims at offering some basic data which can be referred to as the construction guide for the full-scaled construction of Large Space in Korea by arranging the matters to be attended to in designing, and controlling technologies for efficient Large Space design.