• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2014

Recently supporting policy of government for agricultural is changing from individual to workplace. For this reason, the number of industrial injury is increasing due to increase workplace in the agriculture. However, because the studies on the characteristics and causes of injury have not been performed, the effective measure for the prevention of industrial injury is difficult to establish. The aim of this study is to analyze the industrial injury characteristic and prepare the effective counterplan to prevent industrial injury of the workplace in the agriculture. This study analyzed 2,970 cases of industrial injury during the last five years (2008-2012) in the agriculture sector. The data was offered by Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The results of analysis the industrial injury characteristic of the workplace in the agriculture, number of industrial injury for source of industrial injury was 12.3% in the outdoor floor and injury type was 23.1% in the fall. This study analyzed industrial injury characteristic which size and type of workplace, injury type and source of industrial injury through the case of industrial injury in agriculture. The result of this study will be helpful to identify the industrial injury characteristic in the agriculture and prepares the effective industrial injury prevention method.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1987

There are many factors such as airtighteness and high density of merchandises or passengers that contaminate indoor air in underground commercial floor. So it is very important to know air quality and quantity of contamination in underground market increasing in number lately. It was from these viewpoints that gaseous pollutants, dusts and mutagenicity of organic compounds extracted from dusts in an underground market were investigatd. Organic ompounds (tar) were extracted by Soxhlet extractor with benzene as a solvent. Mutagenicities of these extracts were evaluated by the preincubation method using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 strains with and without S9mix. The results obtained were as follows: It seemed to be under the influence of outdoor air that the concentrations of $CO, CO_2, NO, NO_2$ and dusts were higher in winter than summer. The concentration of $CO_2$ was higher in indoor than outdoor, but the concentration of NOx was similar in both sampling areas. Metal contents in dusts attached to the ventilation ducts were as follows showing in order of high concentration : Fe (9000-22000ppm), Zn(1200-2300ppm) and Pb (280-590ppm). The contents of tar were 6-33% of dusts, and higher than those from dusts collected by high volume air sampler. The extracts from dusts attached to the inlet duct exhibited lower mutagenicity than those from dusts attached to the outlet duct. This finding seemed to suggest that mutagenic substances were in creasing in underground. There was no seasonal difference of mutagenicity toward TA 98. Toward TA 100 in the presence of S9mix, the mutagenicity was about 3 fold higher in winter than summer. The mutagenicities of tar extracted from dusts collected by high volume air sampler were different from those attached to the ventilation ducts. The former showed 2-3 fold higher mutagenicity than the latter toward TA 100. However no difference showed between the former and the latter toward TA 98 in the absence of S9mix, but the former was 4-5 fold higher than the latter in the presence of S9mix.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of area and spatial elements according to the building size and provide the guidelines for space planning of the child care center. This study used the content analysis method and analysis was made on the floor plans for 51 cases and the floor plans were converted to Autocad drawings to analyze the area. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Child care centers over 70% were single-attached building types which made it possible for creating outdoor environments for children. However, most small-size centers which had under 50 children did not have the facilities for outdoor activities. 2) In terms of spatial elements, the basic spaces of the small-size center were the classroom, bathroom, kitchen, office and reference room. The medium or large size centers had extra rooms for special activities and service spaces in addition to the basic spaces. 3) Classroom area per child was 2.65 m2 on average. Space composition ratio on average for care, staff, and service was programmed by 57%, 9%, 34% respectively. Small-size center had relatively more care space when compared to the others. In the case of large-size centers, there was a tendency that service space was increased, but care space was decreased.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2014

Objective:This study aims to devise industrial injury prevention measures by analyzing industrial injury characteristics including the status of industrial injuries, source of industrial injury and accident type in order to prevent aging workers' industrial injuries that account for more than half in the workplaces in agriculture. Background: Continuous migration from farm to city takes place among young people in rural areas in Korea, a traditionally agricultural country due to rapid industrialization and economic development. The aging rate in rural areas in 2013 was 37.3%, about three times higher than the total aging rate of 12.2% in Korea. According to industrial injury statistics of the Ministry of Employment and Labor, the number of industrial injuries in agriculture shows an uptrend and the industrial injuries of aging workers account for more than 50% each year. Method: Of the 2,970 industrial injury cases occurred in the workplaces in agriculture for five years during 2008 and 2012 offered by a national agency related to health and safety, this study analyzed 1,767 industrial injury cases of aging workers. Results: As a result of an analysis on aging workers' industrial injuries by company size in agriculture, 89.8% of the total number of industrial injuries were analyzed to occur in small scale company. According to aging workers' industrial injuries by source of industrial injury and accident type, the outdoor floor and a fall were analyzed to be the highest at 16.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Conclusion: This study analyzed aging workers' industrial injuries by company size, age, job duration, accident severity, gender, nationality, the source of industrial injury and accident type in order to identify industrial injury characteristics in agriculture. Application: The identification of industrial injury characteristics of aging workers in agriculture is judged to be helpful to devising effective measures to prevent industrial injuries.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제34권
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• pp.138-171
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• 2001

This paper, based on the filed survey conducted from August 14 to 21, 2000, examines the architectural characteristics of traditional dwellings of Sujeonchon(수전촌, 水田村) village. Sujeonchon village is located on the northen slope of Changbaishan Mt., Andohyun(안도현, 安圖縣) of jilin Province(吉林省), a province in the northeastern region of China. The village was established between late 1940's and early 1950's by the Korean-Chinese. Later on, some of the Korean-Chinese residents moved out of the village and presently, the residents are composed of both the Korean-Chinese and the Chinese consisting about fifty-fifty. Since the cultural background and the living custom are different from each other ethnic group, that is, the Korean-Chinese and the Chinese, their dwellings reveal some differences between them. Through the study, the architectural characteristics and distinctions of the Korean-Chinese and Chinese dwellings are found and summarized as follows: 1.The way of building layout is different between them: the Chinese mainly follows the north-south direction of building layout, while the Korean-Chinese considers the surrounding environmental condition. 2.The floor level of kitchen is different between them: that of the Chinese house is same as the outdoor earth level, while that of the Korean-Chinese is lower than the outdoor level. 3.The way of providing the kitchen space is different between them: the kitchen of the Chinese house is consist of one separate room, while that of the Korean-Chinese is open to the living area. 4.The way of heating system is different between them: the Chinese house has kang only at the sleeping area, while the Korean-Chinese install whole under-floor heating of gudeul in the living area. 5.The attitude to the way of building is different between them: the Chinese are easily adapt to the new building materials and construction method, while the Korean-Chinese are showing strong attachment to the traditional way of building. 6.The houses of the Chinese and the Korean-Chinese have their own traditional ornaments and talismans on and in the building.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2008

The aim of this paper is to show the daylight environment of a light pipe system according to sun movement. A light pipe system has been mounted on the roof of the windowless full scale model: the solar spot has diameter of 0.65m and is 1.3m long, giving an aspect ratio of 1:2. The full scale model was installed on the rooftop of the SHINAN apartment in Yongin city that has no obstructions against sunlight. The test room is equipped with sensors for the measurements of the internal illuminance and has an area of 6m(W)$\times$6m(D)$\times$4m(H). The system has been monitored with a data-logger to evaluate the cumulative distribution of illuminance on a floor-plane from 16th, April to 29th, May, 2008 over one month and selected clear sky condition. For the daylight performance of floor area, the totally 49 measuring points has been used to determine the internal illuminance and an HP datalogger(HP34970A) records the measurements for one consecutive month. The horizontal external illuminance has been measured with two outdoor sensors. This paper presents the results of monitoring light pipe system with internal/external illuminance ratio and cumulative frequency distribution of floor-plane illuminance are discussed The results show that lightpipe is proficient device for introducing daylight into the building. However It provided different daylight indoor environment with wide or narrow Interquatile range of illuminance, internal/external illuminance ratio and cumulative frequency distribution according to solar positions under suuny sky condition. For more achieving the improvement of lightpipes also include energy savings, user visual comfort with various indicators; seasonal solar height, room and lightpipes geometries.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2007

One of the most common approaches to achieve better thermal comfort with the radiant floor heating system is supply water temperature control, which is that supply water temperature is varied with outdoor air temperature. But the application of this control method was not easy, because there has been no way to determine the supply water temperature. So in this study, a comprehensive, yet simple calculation method to find out the required supply water temperature is suggested by combining the building heat loss equation and the heat emission model of hydronic radiant floor heating system for single zone. And then using this calculation method, the multizone control method is suggested and confirmed through the thermal simulation. It is shown that indoor air temperature is stably maintained around the set point.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.549-551
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• 2002

A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a flexible data communication system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired LAN with in a building or campus. However, communications in an indoor environment present problems not encountered in outdoor wireless communication systems. Since cellular type systems are interference limited, the indoor environment is more hostile than the outdoor environment due to the lower propagation constant. In this paper, the equation for the signal to interference ratio in a multistory building will be derived. Knowing the S/I ratio, the floor frequency reuse can be determined. Finally, the simulation in this research is designed to study the performance (BER) of WLAN system in the multistory environment by applying the 8-PSK Trellis Coded modulation technique. The procedure allows a quick evaluation of BER in Wireless LAN system due to the co-channel interference.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Korean Traditional houses has been evolved and developed in many years, adopting the natural environment to control exterior conditions. These control method are various passive system of using natural materials, considering micro climate, building lay out, and these system are more natural and ecological to make the comfortable indoor climate than active systems of the present houses. This study aims to analyzed control performance of outdoor environment of five Korean traditional houses during the summer and winter. These houses are varied with lay out and floor plan to reflect the way of control for environmental condition, surveyed the reverberation time and sound level difference between rooms of the main living room and other main floored room, master room and kitchen. Especially air temperature and humidity have been measured simultaneously in each rooms to compare with outdoor condition. As a result, the variation of air temperature and humidity of most rooms are considerably static while condition of outdoors are much varied, it is showed that indoor climate has been controled with traditional soiled walls.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

The study was intended to suggest the design alternatives of rural village community center based on the design directions which were derived from the previous research, and to evaluate the alternatives by rural residents. The previous research was carried out to grasp the conditions and user's needs of rural village community center. The subjects were 100 residents who lived in rural area in Chonlabukdo. The interview was carried out using a questionnaire with model and isometrics of two alternatives, which showed floor plan and building shape. The subjects evaluated positively both of two alternatives, but slightly more preferred alternative | because of a spacious diningroom and an indoor toilet. The size of a livingroom and entrance, indoor toilet space/location, storage space and deck were significant elements in two alternatives according to t-test. They responded that both of indoor and outdoor toilet should be planned in rural village center. Also, each toilet and room for man and woman should be separated. Entrance space should be enough to take on/off their shoes in a sitting position and deck space was planned to intermediate between indoor and outdoor space.