• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2021

Background: This study was carried out to provide environmental transfer parameter values to estimate activity concentrations of these radionuclides in agricultural crops when direct contamination occurred. Materials and Methods: Mass interception fractions (F_Bs) and weathering half-lives (T_ws) of ¹³¹I and radiocesium were calculated using openly available monitoring data obtained after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. F_B is the ratio between the initial radioactivity concentration of a radionuclide retained by the edible part of the plant (Bq·kg^-1 fresh weight [FW]) and the amount of deposited radionuclide in that area (Bq·m^-2). T_w values can be calculated using activity concentrations of crops decreased with time after the initial contamination. Results and Discussion: Calculated F_B and T_w values for ¹³¹I and radiocesium were mostly obtained for leafy vegetables. The analytical results showed that there was no difference of F_Bs between ¹³¹I and radiocesium by t-test; geometric mean values for leafy vegetables cultivated under outdoor conditions were 0.058 and 0.12 m²·kg^-1 FW, respectively. Geometric mean T_w value of ¹³¹I in leafy vegetables grown under outdoor conditions was 8.6 days, and that of radiocesium was 6.6 days; there was no significant difference between T_w values of these radionuclides by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Conclusion: There was no difference between ¹³¹I and radiocesium for F_Bs and T_ws. By using these factors, we would be able to carry out a rough estimation of the activity concentrations of ¹³¹I and radiocesium in the edible part of leafy crops when a nuclear accident occurred.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2021

The characteristics of time changes in air temperature, DI (discomfort index) and WBGT (wet-bulb globe temperature) were investigated for inland city (daegu) and coastal city (pohang) of Gyeongbuk Province during the 2018 consecutive heat wave season. The time when the temperature dropped below 33℃ was around 19h in both regions. As such, the two regions were similar with respect to the time up to which the heatwave warning levels continued. However, the discomfort index (DI) was higher than 27 in Pohang. Most people feel unpleasant when an discomfort index of 27 or higher appears. The results indicated that Korea's night-time thermal environment during the summers is particularly poor in the southern coastal areas. WBGT began at 09:00 and lasted until 21:00, with a score of 31 or higher; this score, in principle, corresponded with the duration of outdoor activity in both regions. Therefore, it was found that outdoor work was at a level where all day long had to be stopped in both areas during the heat wave. Although time changes in temperature and WBGT were similar in both regions, Discomfort Index (DI) differed significantly. The difference refers to the fact that Pohang is strongly affected by the high heat capacity effect and the supply of water vapor from the sea.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.495-506
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study conducted a conjoint analysis on early childhood teachers to find out their preferences in horticultural activities that are used as a means of education in early childhood education. Methods: For the conjoint analysis, five attributes of horticultural activities were selected. Attribute 1 was method of horticultural activities, divided into two levels: exclusive and integrated horticultural activities. Attribute 2 was object of horticultural activities, divided into three levels: fruit crops, vegetable crops, and floricultural crops. Attribute 3 was activity type, divided into three levels: big and small group, free choice, and outdoor play. Attribute 4 was place for horticultural activities, and divided into two levels: indoors and outdoors. Attribute 5 was time for horticultural activities, divided into two levels: 30 minutes and 30-60 minutes. The orthogonal design was used to extract 20 profiles, after which we conducted a survey on 320 early childhood teachers and analyzed the valid responses from 257 teachers. Results: The preference of early childhood teachers showed highest importance in object (29.1%), followed by activity type (23.2%), activity method (17.4%), time (16.1%), and place (14.2%) (Pearson's R = .591, p = .008). By level of each attribute, the importance was high in exclusive horticultural activities for activity method, big and small group for activity type, vegetable and floricultural crops for object, indoors for place, and 30 minutes for time. Conclusion: The horticultural program preferred by early childhood teachers is comprised of big and small group activities using vegetable and floricultural crops, carried out indoors for 30 minutes as an exclusive class.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for air pollutant exposure modelling and understanding the contribution of respective microenvironments by assessing the time-activity patterns of Korean students according to variables such as grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. Methods: In this study, we compared the residential time of 521 (both weekday and weekend) lower elementary students, 1,735 (1,054 on weekdays, 681 on weekends) upper elementary students, 2,210 (1,294 on weekdays, 916 on weekends) middle school students, and 2,366 (1,387 on weekdays, 979 on weekends) high school students in different microenvironments according to grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. We used data from the 2014 Time-Use Survey by the Korean National Statistical Office for upper elementary students through high school students, and surveyed time-activity patterns of 521 lower elementary students aged 7-9 years. Each microenvironment was divided into indoor, outdoor, and transport. Indoor environments were divided into home, school, and other places. In addition, the results of previous studies were compared to this study. Results: Weekday time-activity patterns of Korean students indicated that lower elementary students spent $16.02{\pm}2.53hr$ in the home and $5.37{\pm}2.32hr$ in school. Upper elementary students spent $14.11{\pm}1.79hr$ in the home and $6.27{\pm}1.37hr$ in school. Middle school students spent $12.83{\pm}2.22hr$ in the home and $7.48{\pm}1.88hr$ in school. High school students spent $10.65{\pm}2.86hr$ in the home and $10.23{\pm}2.86hr$ in school on weekdays. High school students spent the least amount of time in the home and the most time in school compared to other grades Conclusions: Students spent most of their time indoors, including in the home, school, and other indoors. On weekdays, as the grade increases, home residential times were decreased and school residential times were increased. Differences in time-activity patterns according to sex were not found for either weekdays or weekends. It is estimated that Korean students could be affected by school indoor air quality. High school students could be most affected by school indoor air quality since they spent the most time at school.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2015

In recent years, leisure time has received increasing attention in Korean society. Despite the growing interest, however, there are very few studies that explored shared leisure time, especially among married couples. In this light, the present study examined variations in shared leisure time by demographic characteristics and associations between shared leisure time and quality of marital relationship. We used the third wave of the national data KLoWF (Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, 9,997 19-64 years old women). The study sample included 5,965 married women with no prior history of divorce. Results showed that Korean wives reported very little shared leisure time with their husbands. Given that the mean of the shared leisure time reported by employed women was significantly lower than that of the un-employed, we speculated that the time constraint may be one of the major barriers to having leisure time with one's spouse among Korean married couples. Married women in their 30's had the most frequent couple leisure time. The younger wives in their 20s had more cultural leisure time with their husbands, but sharing outdoor leisure time was not related to their age. The higher level of education for women was associated with greater shared active leisure time. However, visiting a husband's family often took place regardless of the wives' education level. After controlling for age, years of education, job status and annual family income, shared active leisure time (i.e., cultural activity and exercise) was positively related to marital satisfaction. Visiting one's own family, however, was not considered a leisure activity for Korean wives. Rather, frequent family visits were related to lower marital satisfaction. Findings shed light on how leisure life of married women with spouses are intertwined with not only their socioeconomic status and but also marital relationship in culturally unique ways.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2020

Moving sport tourism refers to travel that combines sport activity and tours to a particular destination. Although moving sport tourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the sport tourism industry, it is still lack of related-knowledge and academic studies. Hence, this study is conducted to explore the characteristics of moving sport tourism and to provide implications for sport tourism industry and future research. For this, ten participants who regularly participated in bicycle tours for the last 10 years were recruited for this study. The sample consisted of 9 males and 1 female. The average age of the participants was 44.6 years of which all but 2 had a full-time job. The average period of participating in bicycle tour was 7.9 years. For analysing data, content analysis approach was used. Interviews were tape recoded and data were multiple reviewed to identify the similar themes and to categorize them into conceptual constructs. Results suggest two requirements of moving sport tourism(moving and concurrent), three characteristics of moving sport tourism(self-directed, exploring, non-linear, purposive-riding, partial competitive, cultural touring) and two categories of moving sport tourism(full moving sport tourism and partial moving sport tourism). Implications for sport tourism industry and future studies were discussed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 1987

농촌의 일차보건의료사업의 중심적인 역할을 수행하고 있는 보건진료원의 업무활동을 분석함으로 활동내용의 개선방향과 그들의 관리에 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위하여 경상북도내의 26명의 보건진료원을 대상으로 1987년 11월 16일부터 12월 5일사이의 통상적인 활동기간을 택하여 월요일에서 토요일까지 6일간 출근에서 퇴근까지의 활동상황을 자가기록방법(work diary method)에 의해 조사한 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 주당 평균 활동시간은 2,918분이었다. 연령과 보건진료원 경력이 많을수록 더 많은 시간을 활동하는 것으로 나타났고 미혼자보다는 기혼자가 더 많은 시간을 활동하였다. 총 활동시간 중 보건진료소내 근무가 79.8%였고 보건진료소외가 20.2%를 차지하였다. 보건진료소외 근무에 있어서 연령과 경력이 적을수록 그리고 미혼자가 기혼자보다 더 많이 활동한 것으로 나타났다. 활동영역별 시간 배분은 기술업무수행이 46.3%로 제일 많았고 행정업무는 18.7%를 차지하였다. 기술 업무에 있어 미혼자가 기혼자보다 연령과 경력이 적을수록 더 많이 활동하였다. slack time은 연령과 경력이 많을수록 그리고 기혼자가 미혼자보다 더 길었다. 기술업무는 보건진료소내 근무중 45.3%를 차지하였고 보건진료소외 근무중 50.2%를 차지하였다. 기타업무에 소요된 시간과 slack time은 보건진료소내 근무에서보다 보건진료소외 근무에서 현저히 적었다. 기술업무 중 환자치료활동은 63.1%이었고, 기타 서비스는 36.9%을 차지하였다. 기혼자가 미혼자보다 그리고 경력이 많을수록 환자치료활동에 소비한 시간이 많았고 지역사회 주민의 건강증진을 위한 공중보건활동에 소비한 시간이 적었다. 행정업무 중 각종 기록 및 대장정리에 61.6%를 소비하였고 마을건강원회의에 소비된 시간은 4.2%에 불과하였다. 마을건강원회의에 소요된 시간은 연령과 경력이 많을수록 기혼자가 미혼자보다 더 많았다. 총 근무시간을 활동내용별로 분석하면 환자치료활동이 29.2%로 제일 많았고, 기타활동, 각종기록 및 대장정리의 순이었다. 보건진료소내 활동은 환자치료활동이 33.9%, 공중보건활동이 11.4% 이었고, 보건진료소외 활동은 각각 10.9% 및 39.1%이었다. 보건진료원의 직무영역별 활동상황을 분석하면 통상질환관리에 소요된 시간이 49.7%로 제일 많았고 지역사회접근은 2.4%로 제일 적었다. 이상을 종합하면 보건진료원은 보건진료소내에서 주로 활동하며 예방보건활동보다는 진료활동에 더 치중하고 있다. 농촌의 일차보건의료사업의 정착을 위해서는 보건진료원 보수교육을 통하여 그리고 도, 군단위의 기술지도체계의 확립과 운영으로 건강증진업무의 강화와 지역사회개발사업에 관련된 활동에 적극 참여토록 유도해야겠다고 생각한다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1233-1242
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• 2017

범죄 위험을 예방하기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 옥외활동 하는 보행자들이 범죄자들의 공격을 받는 경우 중의 하나는 비정상적인 건강상태이다. 술에 만취하여 정상 보행을 지속하지 못하는 심신미약 상태가 노출되었을 때, 범행 대상이 되는 경우가 범죄 사례 분석을 통하여 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 옥외활동에서 감지할 수 있는 개인의 상태 추정 방안을 제안한다. 센서와 센서의 이벤트 정보전송을 위하여 별도의 단말기를 장착하는 불편을 피하기 위하여 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 3축 가속도 센서를 이용하여 비정상적인 상태를 추정할 수 있는데, 3축 가속도를 통하여 측정한 각 축으로의 운동량을 산출하고 시간의 흐름에 따라 분석함으로써 사용자의 상태를 추정할 수 있다. 시간의 흐름을 일정한 간격으로 구분하고 각 시간대역에서의 활동 패턴을 인지하고 정상과 비정상을 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비정상 상태를 구분하기 위하여 가속도 센서의 각 방향으로의 운동량과 운동에너지 총량을 계산한 것과 에너지 총량을 푸리에 변환한 값을 비교하여 평가하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2012

People are exposed to air pollution from a range of indoor and outdoor sources. Concentration of nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$, which is hazardous to health, can be significant in both types of environment. This paper reports on the measurement and analysis of indoor and outdoor $NO_2$ concentrations and their comparison with measured personal exposure in house and workplace indoors with 28 office workers during winter and summer seasons. Time activity patterns were used to determine the effects of these factors on personal exposure. The residential indoor and office indoor times were $12.29{\pm}1.58,$ $7.86{\pm}1.97$ hours in winter and $11.04{\pm}2.18,$ $8.26{\pm}2.04$ hours in summer, respectively. Measured residential indoor, outdoor and office indoor, personal exposure $NO_2$ concentrations were $23.10{\pm}8.46$ ppb, $23.97{\pm}6.86$ ppb, $21.91{\pm}11.50$ ppb, $22.08{\pm}8.64$ ppb in winter, and $19.94{\pm}6.04$ ppb, $21.21{\pm}6.84{\pm}$ ppb, $22.55{\pm}9.54$ ppb, $27.45{\pm}8.96$ ppb in summer, respectively. Contributions of residential and office indoor $NO_2$ concentration on personal exposure were estimated by 57.98%, 35.62% in winter and 37.38%, 28.97% in summer, respectively.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2006

다양화 개성화로 확산되고 있는 21세기 고도화된 산업사회에 진입하면서 소득수준의 향상과 토요일 휴무제에 따른 여가활용 시간의 증대에 수반하여 수상레저활동의 인구가 증가한 동시에 그 내용은 매우 활동적이다. 종래 여가활동이라고 하면 정적인 옥내활동이 주류였으나, 현시점의 여가활동은 사회발전과 더불어 옥외활동, 나아가서는 스스로 활동하고 경험하는 쪽으로 전개되고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 수상 레저는 안전한 수상활동으로 성취될 수 있는데, 수상레저활동의 급성장으로 인하여 수상안전사고가 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 수상 레저기구 활동자의 체계적인 안전관리를 위하여 종합적인 육성과 관리대책 마련하고자한 결론은 안전사고를 예방하기위해서는 소양교육을 실시하여야 하며 안전검사 및 등록을 의무화하여 제도권에서 활동하도록 하여야하며 수상레저활동 안전사고에 대한 피해보전을 위해서 보험에 가입할 수 있도록 강력한 제도적 보완장치가 필요하다.