• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2022

To determine the effect of Korean medicine treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) this study reviewed both single ingredients and bioactive compounds in the treatment of ANFH in a rat model. Literature was retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords "femur head necrosis," "natural extract," and "rat." The data from studies analyzed included: rats' characteristics, development methods of ANFH, natural extracts administration, observation methods, and outcome indicators. Two independent researchers screened all articles retrieved and 26 studies were chosen. The most used rat species was the Sprague Dawley rat (76.9%). To induce ANFH, steroid injections (46.2%), and oral gavage (53.8%) were typically used. Studies focused mainly on factors affecting bone formation (65.3%), and apoptosis (53.8%). Research on ANFH focused on using traditional natural substances mentioned in classical literature to confirm its effectiveness against anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, and cell death. ANFH has a diverse etiology, therefore research models such as genetic analysis of human-derived samples from ANFH patients may shed more light on the condition. Moreover, research into herbal medicines and pharmacoacupuncture treatment of ANFH should precede.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose - The main purpose of the paper is to examine the variables affecting carbon emissions in different nations around the world. Research design, data, and methodology - To measure its impact on carbon emissions, secondary data has data of the top 50 Countries have been taken. The stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model have been used to quantify the factors that affect carbon emissions. A modified version using Industry 4.0 and region in fundamental STIRPAT model has been applied with the ordinary least square approach. The outcome has been measured using both the basic and extended STIRPAT models. Result - Technology found a positive determinant as well as statistically significant at the alpha level of 0.001models indicating that technological innovation helps reduce carbon emissions. In total, 4 models have been derived to test the best fit and find the highest explaining capacity of variance. Model 3 is found best fit in explanatory power with the highest adjusted R2 (97.95%). Conclusion - It can be concluded that the selected explanatory variables population and Industry 4.0 are found important indicators and causal factors for carbon emission and found constant with all four models for total CO2 and Co2 per capita.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the degree of coincidence between the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS) in the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes of Class I malocclusion cases. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 26 Class I patients. The PAR index was used for evaluation of pre-(T0) and posttreatment (T1) casts, and the ABO-OGS for assessment of T1 casts. If there was a reduction in PAR scores from T0 to T1 of more than 30%, the label 'PAR+' was given to the case, and if not, it was labeled 'PAR-'. If the ABO-OGS was less than 27, the label 'OGS+' was given to the case and if not, it was labeled 'OGS-'. 'A PAR-only qualified group' (PAR+), 'ABO-OGS-only qualified group' (OGS+), 'both indices qualified group' (PAR+/OGS+), and 'both indices disqualified group' (PAR-/OGS-) were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, sensitivity/specifi city test and Spearman's correlation test. Result: PAR scores for T0, T1, and percentage reduction were 21.1, 6.4, and 65.9%, respectively, and 35.4 for ABOOGS. The distribution of the 'PAR+/OGS+', 'PAR+', and 'PAR-/OGS-' group was 19.3%, 76.9%, and 3.8%, respectively. The T0-PAR, T1-PAR and PAR point reductions for the 'PAR+' group were significantly higher than those of 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (23.1 vs. 15.6; 6.7 vs. 4.6; and 16.5 vs. 11.0; all P<0.05). However, the PAR-percentage reduction and treatment duration between the two groups were not statistically different (70.0% vs. 67.0%, P=0.4325; 24.1 months vs. 25.0 months, P=0.4057). The T1-ABO-OGS score for 'PAR+' group was significantly higher than that of the 'PAR+/OGS+' groups (38.2 vs. 24.0, P<0.001). Conclusion: Since the fraction of the 'PAR+/OGS+' group was less than 20% and there was no significant correlation between PAR-percentage reduction and T1-ABO-OGS, development of a new index system for the accurate evaluation of treatment outcome is needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.337-352
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse research trends related to the evaluation of quality of nursing, thereby obtaining basic data relating to the identification of current situation of instrument development of quality of nursing, and of future research orientation and to the development of performance index of nursing organization. Method: The data were collected from June to December, 2002 through the review of total of 32 research papers which had evaluated quality of nursing among published papers in Korea from 1976 to August 2002. The analysis was done in terms of research period, the periodicals in which research papers were published, domains and the approaches of evaluation of nursing quality. The content analysis of lowest-level items amounting was performed using NIC developed by McCloskey & Bulecheck(1998) and consequential indices of quality of nursing developed by Chi(1995). Results: Twenty-three of 32 papers(71.8%) turned out to be published after 1995, indicating surging interest in the evaluation of quality of nursing from the mid 1990s. Also, ten of 12 research papers dealing with subjects' diseases were published after 1995. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the process-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, the highest nursing intervention was patient education about procedure and treatment; followed in descending order by patient education about disease process, strengthening of communication, managing environment, infection control, admission care, defecation and urination care. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the outcome-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, items of physical and psychological state, of patient and family satisfaction, of knowledge and home care, of change of patients' state, of addressing nursing issues, and of patient recovery were the outcome indicators in more than 60 percent research papers. Conclusion: The findings provided the foundation for their effective use in nursing practice with comparing and presenting various core evaluation items representing process and outcome domains.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.23-42
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of 133 studies related to patient compliance published between 1980 and 2001 and to assess the effectiveness of intervention on compliance by using meta-analysis. We collected the existing literatures by using web and manual search 'patient compliance', 'sick role behavior', 'major clinical disease', and 'intervention' as key words and by reviewing content of journals related to medicine, nursing and public health. The compliance interventions were classified by theoretical focus into educational, behavioral, and affective categories within which specific intervention strategies were further distinguished. The compliance indicators broadly represent five classes of compliance-related assessments: (1) health outcomes (eg, blood pressure and hospitalization), (2) direct indicators (eg, urine and blood tracers and weight change), (3) indirect indicators (eg, pill count and refill records), (4) subjective report (eg, patients' or others' reports), (5) utilization (appointment making and keeping, use of preventive services). Quantitative meta-analysis was performed by MetaKorea program which was developed for meta-analysis in Korea. Among the 133 articles, 10 studies were selected through the qualitative meta-analysis process, and then only 6 studies were selected for the quantitative meta-analysis finally. The interventions produced significant effects for all the compliance indicators with the magnitude of common effect size (4.1192) than the non-intervention group in a random effect model. The largest effects were each study for patient of hypertension using health outcome such as blood pressure (0.4679) and diabetes mellitus using direct indicator such as glucose level in blood and urine (0.7753). These results suggest that strategic interventions showed clear advantage for improvement of patient compliance compared with non-intervention group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.338-348
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• 1995

We need to continuously evaluate for nursing quality and the outcome to reflect nursing, to repair and improve of nursing. The first problem for nursing quality improvement is development of evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care. We need a system for quality assurance evaluation that is, development and framework of evaluation tool for nursing care quality. The purpose of this study was attempted to develop an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in musculoskeletal disorder patients. The approach method of nursing quality for the development of the tool in this study was process evaluation framework. The study were devided dvelopment process and reliability, validity verification process. The subjects of development process of this tool are three nursing export groups, and the subject of reliability, validity verification process are 20 samples of two university hospital in seoul, who were within discharge 3 months after admission treatment in musculo-skeletal disorder. Data for this study was collected from March 10 to April 13, 1995. The development process of the tool were as follows : 1. Make preliminary list of the tool by focal group were constituted 12 clinical nurses. 2. Modify and add preliminary list by 4 nursing expert panel. 3. Calculate content validity of the tool by 25 nursing expert panel of judge. 4. Verify reliability and validity of the tool. 5. Finalize an evaluation tool for the quality of the nursing care in musculo-skeletal disorder. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Development an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in musculo-skeletal disorder. (1) The evalution tool of this study was developed 5 standards, 33 criterias and 133 indicators. (2) 5 standards were divided according to Nursing Process. from standard 1 to standard 5, involved criterias were each 6(18%), 3(9%), 3(9%), 15(46%), 6(18%). 2) Verify reliability and validity of the tool. (1) Score of adequate degree for content validity of 33 criterias and 133 indicators were every average 2.82. (2) Inter-rater reliabilities(consentaneity score) of the tool by pearson correlation coefficient between three raters were : r=.7506, r=.8934, r=.6695. and Inter-rater reliabilities by single-facet crossed design were : r=.7464. (3) The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .8524 over all 30 items of 33 criterias of developed tool. (4) Score of the quality of nursing care following to generaal characteristics of this study subjects were stastically significant differences according to educational level (F=2.93, p=.029)and diagnosing classification (F=2.50, p=.042). Through this study, I'm sure that the developed tool for the quality of patient care in musculo-skeletal disorder will show the way of more improvement of the quality of nursing care and effective nursing interventions.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.145-162
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• 2020

The dual system in Korea already plays an important role in quantitative terms in the Korean lifelong vocational competency development system. However, since most of the existing dual system performance management plans in Korea focus on qualification-linked dual system, research on the effective performance management of the four-year university-driven dual system is very insufficient. This paper presents multiple measures for developing a performance management system suitable for the university-driven dual system to achieve qualitative improvement of the contract departments of the dual colleges or universities. As an approach to the end, a performance evaluation system is established by developing the evaluation items and indicators for the dual colloeges' contract departments. Next, it analyzes the needs of various stakeholder groups such as field teachers of the involved companies, students in apprenticeship and OJT professors of KOREATECH through FGI's and polls to diagnose the current operational performance, especially the causes of high drpout rates of the contract departments. From these results, the paper presents firstly the development of measuring methods for the developed performance indicators of the evaluation system and then a systemic performance management system which is based on 'input-transformation-outcome-feedback' structure. In addition, some measures for improving the high dropout rate and performance are presented from the viewpoints of each stakeholder.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-124
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• 1998

Based on King's goal attainment theory, this research deals with applying nursing intervention of mutual goal settings to gastrectomy patients. It tests the effects of nursing intervention, according to the patients' health locus of control, suggested as external boundary criteria for the theory by employing a quasi-experimental design which consists of a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control and experimental groups. The subjects of this research were 62 gastrectomy patients hospitalized at Y medical center and the experimental and control groups consisted of 31 subjects. The experimental group received nursing intervention at the mutual goal setting of 5 times from the day before the surgery to the 5th day after the surgery, while the control group received only routine nursing care. Recovery indicators of both groups were measured and compared. Measurement variables included patients' characteristics, health locus of control, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow, bowel movement recovery, mobility recovery, level of pain, patients' stress and patients' satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package and the hypotheses were tested by ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results of the analyses are summarized as follows : 1) Internal health locus of control had higher effects of the nursing intervention of mutual goal setting than external health locus of control on pulmonary ventilatory functions of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow. 2) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the bowel movement recovery between the internal and external health locus of control. 3) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the mobility recovery between the internal and external health locus of control. 4) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of pain between the internal and external health locus of control. 5) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of stress between the internal and external health locus of control. 6) There was a statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of satisfaction with provision of nursing information between the internal and external health locus of control, and there was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of satisfaction with outcome of nursing between the internal and external locus of control. On the basis of the research results, the following are recommended : 1) Repeated research on responses to health locus of control is necessary. 2) Not only the effectiveness of nursing intervention in acute recovery periods, but also the long term effects are to be investigated. 3) The development of instruments is needed to accurately measure mutual goal setting regarding postoperative deep breath, coughing, early ambulation, etc. so that the relationship among the postoperative recovery indicators may be explored. 4) It is required that an instrument be developed to measure perception which facilitates goal attainment in the interactive setting between patients and nurses.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.74-88
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• 2020

A Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (CITS) provides useful information on upcoming hazards in order to prevent vehicle collisions. In addition, the availability of individual vehicle travel information obtained from the CITS infrastructure allows us to identify the level of road safety in real time and based on analysis of the indicators representing the crash potential. This study proposes a methodology to derive road safety content, and presents evaluation results for its applicability in practice, based on simulation experiments. Both jerk and Stopping Distance Index (SDI) were adopted as safety indicators and were further applied to derive road section safety information. Microscopic simulation results with VISSIM show that 5% and 20% samples of jerk and SDI are sufficient to represent road safety characteristics for all vehicles. It is expected that the outcome of this study will be fundamental to developing a novel and valuable system to monitor the level of road safety in real time.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-92
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• 2010

As the use of trading systems increases recently, many researchers are interested in developing intelligent trading systems using artificial intelligence techniques. However, most prior studies on trading systems have common limitations. First, they just adopted several technical indicators based on stock indices as independent variables although there are a variety of variables that can be used as independent variables for predicting the market. In addition, most of them focus on developing a model that predicts the direction of the stock market indices rather than one that can generate trading signals for maximizing returns. Thus, in this study, we propose a novel intelligent trading system that mitigates these limitations. It is designed to use both the technical indicators and the other non-price variables on the market. Also, it adopts 'two-threshold mechanism' so that it can transform the outcome of the stock market prediction model based on support vector machines to the trading decision signals like buy, sell or hold. To validate the usefulness of the proposed system, we applied it to the real world data-the KOSPI200 index from May 2004 to December 2009. As a result, we found that the proposed system outperformed other comparative models from the perspective of 'rate of return'.