• 제목/요약/키워드: Out-of-Home Care Service

검색결과 156건 처리시간 0.028초

한국 호스피스.완화의료 기관 현황 및 과제 (Current Status and Challenge of Hospice.Palliative Care in Korea)

  • 이건세;주지수;김정회;김건엽
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.196-205
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    • 2008
  • 목적: 본 연구는 현재 호스피스완화의료 기관의 인력 및 시설, 제공서비스 등이 말기 암환자 전문의료기관 지정 기준에 부합하는 정도를 조사하고 분석하여 향후 정책수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 방법: 자료는 2007년 10월부터 12월까지 수집되었으며 설문내용으로는 호스피스 완화의료 기관의 일반현황, 인력현황, 시설현황, 장비현황, 호스피스 서비스 운영현황 등을 포함하였다. 총 62개 의료기관이 응답하였다. 결과: 전체 62개 기관 가운데 42개 기관이 종합병원 이상인데 비하여 의원의 경우 9개 기관에서 호스피스를 제공하고 있었다. 호스피스 의료기관은 수도권 지역 위주로 분포하고 있어 지역적인 불균형 공급을 보이고 있다. 의사의 경우 환자 10명당 1인의 의사를 갖추고 있는 기관은 종합병원 이상(80.0%)인데 비하여 의원의 경우 이 기준을 충족하는 비율은 낮았다(42.9%). 간호사의 경우 호스피스 간호를 위해 필요한 조건인 환자 1.5 명당 1인의 기준에 충족하는 기관은 의원급(71.4%)이 종합병원 이상의 기관(65.0%), 병원(50.0%)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 호스피스 지원기관의 기준에 해당하는 1병실 4인 기준을 충족하는 기관은 전체 62개 기관에서 14개 기관으로 22.6%를 차지하고 있었다. 호스피스 환자들을 위한 특수요법의 경우는 의원급(66.7%), 병동 및 독립형(64.9%), 지원 사업 기관(73.9%)일수록 2개 이상의 특수요법을 실시하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 임종 및 사별관리 프로그램에 해당하는 임종관리, 장례준비, 유가족지지모임, 사별가족 관리 프로그램을 실시하는 기관의 비율이 높았으며, 의원급, 병동 및 독립형, 지원 사업 수록 실시율이 높게 나타났다. 팀 인력에 대한 교육은 의원급(55.6%), 병동형 및 독립형(55.8%), 지원기관(65.2%) 이 상대적으로 높은 비율로 시행하고 있었다. 현재 가정 호스피스 서비스를 운영하고 있는 곳은 절반 수준인 32개(51.6%) 기관으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 확인한 것은 호스피스 기관을 양적으로 확대하는 것과 함께 지역적인 분포를 동시에 고려하는 것이 필요하다는 점과 아직도 호스피스 지원 기관의 인력, 시설 수준을 충족하지 못하는 비율이 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 호스피스 기관의 종별 특성에 따라 인력 및 시설 확보 수준, 프로그램 운영에 차이가 있으므로 시설의 특성을 고려한 개선 방안을 고려하여야 할 것이다.

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경기 지역 영유아 보육시설의 급식운영관리 실태 조사 (A Survey on the Foodservice Management Practices at Child Care Centers in Gyeonggi Area)

  • 손춘영;박희옥
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.577-586
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 경기 지역 보육시설 시설장을 대상으로 급식운영 관리의 전반적인 실태를 시설유형별로 분석하여 영유아 보육시설의 실제적인 급식운영 방안 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시설장은 여성이 97.1%로 대부분이었으며, 학력은 전문대졸 이상이 80.2%로 높은 편이었다. 운영기간은 5년 이하(72.2%)가 가장 많았는데, 특히 가정보육시설이 83.7%로 최근 크게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다(p<0.01). 원아 수는 20명 이하(52.5%)가 가장 많았고 국 공립의 75.0%, 민간시설 84.0%, 가정보육시설 100.0%가 원아 100인 이하 시설이었다. 영양사 고용은 8.8%로 매우 낮았으나, 조리사 56.9%, 조리원은 35.6% 고용하고 있었고 시설별 차이(p<0.001)를 보였다. 2. 급식은 직영이었으며, 급식 횟수는 1회가 77.2%로 가장 많았으며, 간식은 대부분 2회 제공(89.2%)이었고, 1일 평균 급식비는 1,877원으로 유형별 차이는 없었다. 3. 조리실은 97.0%가 갖추었으나, 식당은 4.0%에 불과해, 배식은 88.7%가 교실에서 이루어져 위생관리의 어려움이 있을 것으로 보인다. 식품보관 창고는 29.7%가 있다고 응답했으며, 국 공립 55.0%, 가정보육시설 24.6%, 민간시설 20.8% 였다(p<0.001). 4. 식단은 94.1%가 주기적으로 작성하였으나 보육정보센터 이용이 47.1%로 가장 많았으며, 식단작성시 메뉴에 대한 정보 또한 보육정보센터 이용(86.4%)인 것으로 나타나, 보육정보센터의 활용에 대한 체계적인 관리가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 식단작성시 고려사항으로는 영양적 균형이 86.2%로 높았다. 급식생산에 표준레시피는 38.0%가 사용하고 있었고 국 공립이 68.4%로 가장 많았고 민간시설 37.5%, 가정보육시설 28.1%로 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 5. 식재료 구매는 시설장(86.7%)이 주로 담당하였고 조리사(10.2%), 영양사(3.1%)의 순이었다(p<0.001). 구매 방법은 직접 구매 방식이 85.7%로 대부분이었고, 수의계약은 5.1%에 불과한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 구매 횟수는 매일(36.0%), 주 2~3회(32.0)%, 필요할 때마다(18.0%), 주 1회 (14.0%)의 순으로 매일 구매가 가장 많았다(p<0.05). 6. 조리기구 중 전자레인지(92.2%), 믹서기(83.3%)의 보유율은 높았으나, 오븐(36.3%), 토스터기(27.5%), 튀김기(19.6%)의 보유정도는 낮았다. 위생기구에서는 정수기는 전체의 90.2%대부분의 시설에서 갖추고 있었으나 식기세척기는 37.3%만이 갖추고 있었고 칼도마 소독고와 자외선 식기소독고의 보유율은 시설유형별 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 손전용 세정대는 52.9%가 보유하고 있어 개인위생을 위해 확대 설치가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 적온급식을 위한 보온/보냉고는 37.3%에 불과하였고 특히 보존식 전용 냉동고는 36.3%로 국공립(70.0%), 민간시설(40.0%), 가정보육시설(22.8%) 순으로 유의적인(p<0.001) 차이가 있었는데, 급식위생기기 보유 정도는 낮은 편이었다. 경기 지역의 보육시설은 2010년 현재 11,373개로 전체 보육시설의 29.6%를 차지할 정도로 비중이 크다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 보다 많은 시설을 대상으로 조사가 이루어지지 못해서 결과의 해석에 한계가 있을 것으로 보여지며, 특히 최근 가정보육시설의 급속한 증가에 비해 급식운영에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정으로 앞으로 보육시설의 규모와 특성, 시설유형에 따른 운영방식을 고려한 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

말기암 환자와 가족의 의료 및 간호 서비스 요구 (The Study on the Medical and Nursing Service Needs of the Terminal Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers)

  • 이소우;이은옥;허대석;노국희;김현숙;김선례;김성자;김정희;이경옥
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.958-969
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    • 1998
  • In this study, we attempted to investigate the needs and problems of the terminal cancer patients and their family caregivers to provide them with nursing information to improve their quality of life and prepare for a peaceful death. Data was collected from August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1996 at the internal medicine unit of S hospital in Seoul area with the two groups of participants who were family members of terminal cancer patients seventy four of them were in-patients and 34 were out-patients who were discharged from the same hospital for home care. The research tool used in this study has been developed by selecting the questionnaires from various references, modifying them for our purpose and refining them based on the results of preliminary study. While general background information about the patients was obtained by reviewing their medical records, all other information was collected by interviewing the primary family caregivers of the patients using the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed with the SPSS PC/sup +/ program. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Most frequently complained symptoms of the terminal cancer patients were in the order of pain(87%), weakness(86.1%), anorexia(83.3%) and fatigue (80.6%). 2) Main therapies for the terminal cancer patients were pain control (58.3%), hyperalimentation(47.2%) and antibiotics(21.3%). 3) Special medical devices that terminal cancer patients used most were oxygen device (11.1%), and feeding tube(5.6%). Other devices were used by less than 5% of the patients. 4) The mobility of 70.4% of the patients was worse than ECOG 3 level, they had to stay in bed more than 50% of a day. 5) Patients wanted their medical staffs to help relieve pain(45.4%), various physical symptoms(29.6%), and problems associated with their emotion(11.1%). 6) 16.7% of the family caregivers hoped for full recovery of the patients, refusing to admit the status of the patients. Also, 37% wished for the extension of the patient's life at least for 6 months. 7) Only 38.9% of the family members was preparing for the patient's funeral. 8) 45.4% of family caregivers prefer hospital as the place for the patient's death, 39.8% their own home, and 14.8% undetermined. 9) Caregivers of the patients were mostly close family members, i.e., spouse(62%), and sons and daughters or daughter-in-laws(21.3%). 10) 43.5% of the family caregivers were aware of hospice care. 46.8% of them learned about the hospice care from the mass media, 27.7% from health professionals, and the rest from books and other sources. 11) Caregivers were asked about the most difficult problems they encounter in home care, 41 of them pointed out the lack of health professionals they can contact, counsel and get help from in case of emergency, 17 identified the difficulty of finding appropriate transportation to hospital, and 13 stated the difficulty of admission in hospital as needed. 12) 93.6% of family caregivers demanded 24-hour hot line, 80% the visiting nurses and doctors, and 69.4% the volunteer's help. The above results indicate that terminal patients and their family caregivers demand help from qualified health professionals whenever necessary. Hospice care system led by well-trained medical and nursing staffs is one of the viable answers for such demands.

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일제시대 선교회의 보건간호사업에 대한 역사적 연구 (Missionary Public Health Nursing of Korea during Japanese Colonial Period)

  • 이꽃메;김화중
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.455-466
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    • 1999
  • Western missionary nurses practiced in Korea from 1891. and the first trial to begin missionary public health nursing service in 1909 could not put into practice for short of nursing staff and budget. The main focus of missionary medical practice was not in public health program but in the management of missionary hospitals. A few of missionary western R.N. tried district nursing in 1910s. but their activities were personal and focused on the rescue of poor and sick patients. In 1917 the North American Methodist Church dispatched R.N. Elizabeth S. Roberts to begin district nursing in Korea. Roberts began maternal and child district nursing service. Her service was focused on teaching the method of bringing up children. bathing service, and home visiting for delivery. She could not but stop district-nursing service in 1918 to serve for a hospital in Siberia. The North American Methodist Church dispatched a few of R.N. to Korea in early 1920s and the missionary public health nursing of Korea could be activated. R.N. E. T. Rosenberger began public health nursing program in Seoul with Korean graduate nurse, Shin-gwang Han, and missionary M.D. Hall. Their public health nursing program was focused on maternal and childcare. They did home visiting in the morning, and served at a well baby clinic in the afternoon. The first baby competition began in 1925. and contributed to the teaching the method of bringing up children. They expanded public health nursing activity to school health nursing and milk station. Their public health nursing program was such a success that In 1929 Severance hospital. Eastgate Hospital. Taehwa Social Evangelistic center organized Seoul Child Health Union. Maren P. Bording, another missionary R.N. and midwife dispatched by the North American Methodist Church began public health nursing program at Kongjoo in 1924. Her program was focused on the maternal and childcare and close to that of Seoul. She started the first milk station in Korea in 1926. As she was a midwife and could get M. D. license in Korea, her program was more focused on maternal care than that of Seoul. The first day nursery school in Korea and the first graduate course for public health nursing in Korea began at Kongjoo in 1930. As the city of Choongcheongnam Province moved from Kongjoo to Daejeon in 1932, missionary public health nursing service in Kongjoo extended to Daejeon. There were lots of public health nursing program in Korea in 1920s and 1930s by missionary western nurses and Korean nurses. There were 13 missionary public health-nursing center in Korea in 1932. But in the late 1930s. Japan extended colonial war and drove out western missionaries. The missionary service in Korea was daunted. and the missionary public health nursing service could not but shrink.

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학교보건간호를 통한 금연 교육의 실태에 관한 연구 (A Study on Non-smoking Education status through School Health Care Services)

  • 정연강;장영미
    • 한국학교보건학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.135-143
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    • 1994
  • This study is aimed at providing basic information necessary to set up education program and strategies to prevent high school students from smoking by school health care service. The main groups of study are 814 third-grade male students, 557 parents and 362 teachers, who were randomly chosen at 8 high schools in Seoul. Date analysis consisted of Chi-square test and percentage. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. The less interesting family life is, the more increasing current smoking rate is, (ex-smoking rate 53.5%, re-smoking rate 40.3%, current smoking rate 24.3%) 2. According th the results of $x^2$-test for the school life and the smoking, the students above ranking 41 showed th increase as 48.7% for continuous smoking, 18.9% for re-smoking, 67.6% for the present smoker. But it turned out that the students belonged to ranking 10 were not experienced the smoking. So it showed that there was a correlation between score and smoking. 3. It is noted that 93.3% of students, 93.3% of parents and 96.1% of teachers recognize harmful effect of smoking. But less than 70% those have recognized only half of all smoking knowledge. 4. There is a significant difference in the contends and types of education between parents and teachers. 5. For the time of home education and school health education to prevent the smoking, it turned out that 44.9% of students, 42.4% of parents, and 47.4% of teachers considered the optimal time as a high school' days. In addition it appeared that 40.5% of students, 33.4% of parents, and 54.6% of teachers recognized the necessity of the early education before the elementart school. For the optimal time to begin school health education, it showed that the middle school days were indicated from 56.6% of students, 52.7% of parents, the elementary school days were 54.6% of parents, the elementary school days were 54.6% of teachers.

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조리실습에 대한 인식 조사를 기반으로 한 조리교육 활성화 방안 연구 (Identifying the Best Approach to Revitalize High School Culinary Education Curriculum in Korea)

  • 강경심
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.137-161
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    • 2010
  • The aim of this study was to identify the most effective methods with which to revitalize Korean high school culinary education. To achieve this aim, a culinary recognition questionnaire survey of 616 students from 9 culinary high schools was carried out. The 9 surveyed schools represented the following of 7 regions: Chungnam, Busan, Incheon, Daegue, Jeonbuk, Gyeongbuk, and Gwangju. Collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis, $x^2$-test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA using SPSS(version 14.0). The results of this study are as follows. Culinary practice interest and learning demand of most students were high. 6.8% of students indicated that initial theory learning, followed by video education, and finally live demonstration is an effective teaching methodology. They preferred practicing on actual ingredients as the primary teaching and learning method, nominating technician cooking as the most favorite. As for areas needing improvement in culinary practice education, difficulties with material preparation and insufficient learning hours were identified as prominent factors by 66.8% of respondents. There was unanimous agreement that culinary practice education can be enhanced by highly skilled teachers, while interest for the discipline itself can be fostered by initiating and encouraging cooking participation in the home. Freshmen and special high school students suggested that a cooking related website is necessary to expand the current information interface, which is currently limited to colleagues and employers. In relation to culinary education revitalization, consistent promotion of departments, or high schools that have proven student satisfaction rates and effective culinary curriculum are required. Furthermore, teachers can also aid this process by more effective student pastoral care in order to improve school life satisfaction. However, teacher job satisfaction is an important component of this process, and better employment conditions and remuneration packages reflecting extra work must be considered as part of an attractive teacher-incentive employment policy.

호스피스의료와 간호윤리 (Hospice Medicine and Nursing Ethics)

  • 문성제
    • 의료법학
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.385-411
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    • 2008
  • The goal of medicine is to contribute to promoting national health by preventing diseases and providing treatment. The scope of modern medicine isn't merely confined to disease testing, treatment and prevention in accordance to that, and making experiments by using the human body is widespread. The advance in modern medicine has made a great contribution to valuing human dignity and actualizing a manly life, but there is a problem that has still nagged modern medicine: treatment and healing for terminal patients including cancer patients. In advanced countries, pain care and hospice medicine are already universal. Offering a helping hand for terminal patients to lead a less painful and more manly life from diverse angles instead of merely focusing on treatment is called the very hospice medicine. That is a comprehensive package of medical services to take care of death-facing terminal patients and their families with affection. That is providing physical, mental and social support for the patients to pass away in peace after living a dignified and decent life, and that is comforting their bereaved families. The National Hospice Organization of the United States provides terminal patients and their families with sustained hospital care and home care in a move to lend assistance to them. In our country, however, tertiary medical institutions simply provide medical care for terminal patients to extend their lives, and there are few institutional efforts to help them. Hospice medicine is offered mostly in our country by non- professionals including doctors, nurses, social workers, pastors or physical therapists. Terminal patients' needs cannot be satisfied in the same manner as those of other patients, and it's needed to take a different approach to their treatment as well. Nevertheless, the focus of medical care is still placed on treatment only, which should be taken seriously. Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service held a public hearing on May 21, 2008, on the cost of hospice care, quality control and demonstration project to gather extensive opinions from the academic community, experts and consumer groups to draw up plans about manpower supply, facilities and demonstration project, but the institutions are not going to work on hospice education, securement of facilities and relevant legislation. In 2002, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs made an official announcement to introduce a hospice nurse system to nurture nurse specialists in this area. That ministry legislated for the qualifications of advanced nurse practitioner and a hospice nurse system(Article 24 and 2 in Enforcement Regulations for the Medical Law), but few specific plans are under way to carry out the regulations. It's well known that the medical law defines a nurse as a professional health care worker, and there is a move to draw a line between the responsibilities of doctors and those of nurses in association with medical errors. Specifically, the roles of professional hospice are increasingly expected to be accentuated in conjunction with treatment for terminal patients, and it seems that delving into possible problems with the job performance of nurses and coming up with workable countermeasures are what scholars of conscience should do in an effort to contribute to the development of medicine and the realization of a dignified and manly life.

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순회진료사업(巡回診療事業)의 문제점(問題点)과 개선방향(改善方向) (일부(一部) 무의지역에 대(對)한 지역사진단(地域社診斷)을 중심(中心)으로) (A Study on the Mobile Medical Service Program -Based on the Community Diagnosis of a Remote Farm Area-)

  • 박항배;최동욱
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.86-97
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    • 1978
  • The mobile medical service has been operated for many years by a number of medical schools and hospitals as a most convenient means of medical service delivery to the people residing in such area where the geographical and socioeconomic conditions are not good enough to enjoy modern medical care. Despite of official appraisal showing off simply with numbers of outpatients treated and medical persons participated, however, as well recognized, the capability (in respect of budget, equipment and time) of those mobile medical teams is so limitted that it often discourages the recipients as well as medical participants themselves. In the midst of rising need to secure medical service of good quality to all parts of the country, and of developing concept of primary health care system, authors evaluated the effectiveness of and problems associated with mobile medical servies program through the community diagnosis of a village (Opo-myun, Kwangju-gun) to obtain the information which may be halpful for future improvement. 1. Owing to the nationwide Sae-Maul movement powerfully practiced during last several years, living environment of farm villages generally and remarkably improved including houses, water supply and wastes disposal etc. Neverthless, due to limitations in budget time and lack of knowledge (probably the most important), these improvements tend to keep up appearances only and are far from the goal which may being practical benefit in promoting the health of the community. 2. As a result of intensive population policy led by the government since 1962, there has been considerable advances in understanding and the rate of practicing family planning through out the villages and yet, one should see many things, especially education, to be done. Fifty eight per cent of mothers have not received prenatal check and the care for most (72%) delivery was offered by laymen at home. 3. Approximately seven per cent of the population was reported to have chronic illness but since only a few (practically none) of the people has had physical check up by doctors, the actual prevalence of chronic diseases may reach many times of the reported. The same fact was observed also in prevalence of tuberculosis; the patients registered at local health center totaled 31 comprising only 0.51% while the numbers in two neighboring villages (designated as demonstration area of tuberculosis control and mass examination was done recently) were 3.5 and 4.0% respectively. Prevalence rate of all dieseses and injuries expereinced during one month (July, 1977) was 15.8%. Only one tenth of those patients received treatment by physicians and one fifth was not treated at all. The situation was worse as for the chronic patients; 84% of all cases either have never been treated or discontinued therapy, and the main reasons were known to be financial difficulty and ignorance or indifference. 4. Among the patients treated by our mobile clinic, one third was chronic cases and 45% of all patients, by the opinion of doctors attended, were those who may be treated by specially trained nurses or other paramedics (objects of primary care). Besides, 20% of the cases required professional managements of level beyond the mobile team's capability and in this sense one may conclude that the effectiveness (performance) of present mobile medical team is quite limitted. According to above findings, the authors would like to suggest following for mobile medical service and overall medicare program for the people living in remote country side. 1. Establishment of primary health care system secured with effective communication and evacuation (between villages and local medical center) measures. 2. Nationwide enforcement of medical insurance system. 3. Simple outpatient care which now constitutes the main part of the most mobile medical services should largely be yielded up to primary health care unit of the village and the mobile team itself should be assigned on new and more urgent missions such as mass screening health examination of the villagers, health education with modern and effective audiovisual aids, professional training and consultant services for the primary health care organization.

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농촌보건의료서비스 향상을 위한 제도 개선방안 (Policy Measures for Improving Health Care Services in Rural Areas)

  • 문옥륜;이규식;박재용;고대하;이기효
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.97-119
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    • 1991
  • 본 연구는 농촌지역의 보건의료수준이 의료자원의 양적, 질적 격차와 의료이용과 의료접근도 및 건강수준의 면 등에서 도시지역보다 낙후되어 있다는 사실을 각종 통계지표를 이용하여 논증하였다. 다음으로 이러한 격차를 빚은 농촌보건사업의 문제점을 파악하여 이에 대한 대처방안을 농촌보건사업의 조직, 인력, 시설 및 장비, 재원 및 그리고 관리라는 5가지 부문으로 나누어서 모색해 보았는데 구체적으로는 첫째, 농촌보건 인력의 자질향상과 적정배치방안의 수립, 둘째, 농촌보건인력의 생산성 증대, 셋째, 보건소 및 지소의 운영개선, 넷째, 취약지 민간병원의 운영 개선, 다섯째, 사회, 경제여건의 변화에 따른 새로운 보건사업의 개발, 여섯째, 통합적인 보건의료인력관리 전담기관의 설립 등의 정책대안을 제시하고 있다.

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소양면 지역사회 환경기초조사 (A Basie Community Health Survey in Rural Korea (Soyang-Myun))

  • 최승렬
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.133-160
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    • 1973
  • 1. Introduction Community medicine with the concept of comprehensive medical care and an ideal medical care delivery system not only for an individual or family but for the whole community has emerged. In April 1970, the Presbyterian Medical Center started a hospital based community health service project in order to improve the health of the people in rural areas. Prior to commencing a comprehensive medical care system, a family survey was needed. The major objective of this survey was to obtain information concerning the people and their environment so as to be able to plan and implement a comprehensive medical care program in Soyang-Myun. 2. Survey Method An interview using a family record form was carried out for each household. This family record form was designed to get information about demography, family planning, environmental sanitation and vital statistics. Prior to beginning, the members of the survey team were trained in interviewing techniques for three days. The team consisted of a public health nurse, four nurse-aides, a sanitarian and four health extension workers who are working in our project, The survey was carried out during the period November 1971 to March 1972. 3. Project area 1) Population of Soyang-Myun was 11,668; male, 5,962 and female, 5,706. Sex ratio: 104.5. 2) Households : 1,858 3) Family size: The average household consisted of 6.3 persons. 4) Educational level of householder a. Illiterate 13% b. No schooling but able to read 10% c. Preschool children 19% d. Primary school 47% e. Middle school 7% f. High school 3% g. College or University 1% 5) Occupational distribution of householders a. Farmer 67% b. Laborer 13% c. Office worker 4% d. Merchant 4% e. Industrial worker 2% f. Unemployed 8% g. Miscellaneous 2% 6) Religious affiliation a. No religion 74% b. Buddhist 12% c. Protestant 10% d. Catholic 4% 4. Survey results Living Environment : a. Home ownership 95% b. Kinds of roofing Straw-thatched house 84% Tile-roofed house 10% Slate-roofed house 5% Other 1% c. Floor space Less than 6 pyong 10% 6-10 pyong 53% 11-15 pyong 24% 16-20 pyong 9% More than 20 pyong 4% d. Radio ownership 80% Environmental Sanitation : a. the source of drinking water public well 49% private well 30% drainage water 9% steam water 8% well pump 3% water distribution system 1% b. Distance between well and toilet more than 16meters 38% 6-10 meter 31% 11-15 meters 14% Less than 6 meters 17% c. The status of well management Bad 72% Fair 26% Good 2% d. General sanitary state of house Bad 37% Fair 51% Good 12% e. House drainage system had no house drainage. 77% Family Planning : a. 24% of the people have used contraceptives, but 12% ceased to use them. 76% have never used contraceptives. b. used methods 1oop 68% oral pill 16% vasectomy 4% condom 1% tubal ligation 1% two or more methods 10% Maternal Health : a. The number of conceptions of housewives under 50 years of age. 11 times 26% 6 times 11% 5 times 11% 4 times 9% b. The place of delivery own house 88% hospital 1% others 11% Treatment of general sickness : a. The place of treatment Soyang Health Center 31% Hospital (private or otherwise) 26% Pharmacy 14% Herb medicine 5% Private care 5% No treatment 12% Miscellaneous 7% b. Usual causes of diseases Unknown 46% Tuberculosis 29% Neuralgia 8% CVA 3% Bronchitis 3% Others 11%

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