• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.403-414
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of the modified distraction osteogenesis (DO) method with the concept of overdistraction and compression stimulation which have been previously suggested by the authors in 2002 and to explore the optimal distraction-compression ratio and appropriate latency period for the compression force application during consolidation. The experimental specimens were assessed with radiography, histologic findings, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) after the conventional DO method and the modified DO technique had been applied on rat mandibles. Total 60 rats were used for the study. In experimental group of 54 adult rats, mandibular osteotomies between the first and second molar areas were performed and customized external distractors were applied. The surgeries on 6 rats of control group also were done with same osteotomy technique and DO device application. Final amount of distraction was set-up as 2 mm on both groups. But, in a experimental group of 54 rats, distraction osteogenesis with a compression force were performed with the different distraction-compression ratio and variant latency periods for compression. The three ratio-subgroups were made as distraction 4 mm group with compression 2 mm, distraction 3 mm group with compression 1 mm, and distraction 2.5 mm group with compression 0.5 mm. In addition, The three subgroups with 3, 7, 11 days latency period prior compression were allocated on each ratio-subgroups. Total 9 subgroups consisted of 6 rats on each subgroup. In control group of 6 rats, conventional distraction technique were routinely performed. The rats of control groups were sacrificed on postoperative 3, 6 weeks after 2 mm distraction. The rats in the experimental groups also were sacrificed on the same euthanasia days of control groups to compare the wound healing. Final available specimens were 55 rats except 5 due to osteomyelitis, device dislodgement. Distraction-compression combined group on 6 weeks generally had showed increased bone mineral density than the same period group of conventional distraction technique on the DEXA study. More matured lamellar bone state and extended trabecular pattern in the combined group than those of control group were also observed in the histologic findings on 6 weeks. In the distraction-compression combined groups, the bone density of 2.5 mm distraction subgroups with 0.5 mm compression showed the highest value on the DEXA study among various force ratio groups. In the distraction-compression combined groups, the bone density of 3 day latency period subgroups showed the highest value on the DEXA study among various latency period groups for the compression application. From this study, we could deduce that 1/5 force ratio for the compression versus distraction, 3 day latency period prior compression application would be the most effective condition if modified distraction osteogenesis technique might be applicable. The modified DO method with a compression force may improve the quality of bone regenerate and shorten total treatment period in comparison with conventional DO technique clinically.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 1995

Purpose : The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness, survival rate and complication of radiation in nasopharyngeal cancer. Materials and Methods : From January 1980 to May 1989. Fifty patients who had nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with curative radiation therapy at Kosin Medical Center were retrospectively studied. Thirty seven patients($74{\%}$) were treated with radiation therapy alone(Group I) and 13 patients ($26{\%}$) treated with combination of chemotherapy and radiation (Group II). Age distribution was 16-75 years(median : 45.8 years). In histologic type, squamous cell carcinoma was in 30 patients($60{\%}$), undifferentiated carcinoma in 17 patients($34{\%}$), and lymphoepithelioma in 3 patients($6{\%}$). According t AJCC staging system. 4 patients($8{\%}$) were in $T_1$, 13 patients($26{\%}$) in $T_2$. 20 patients($40{\%}$) in $T_3$, 13 patients($26{\%}$) in $T_4$ and 7 patients($14{\%}$) in $N_0$, 6 patients($12{\%}$) $N_1$, 23 patients($46{\%}$) in $N_2$, 14 patients($28{\%}$) in $N_3$. Total radiation dose ranges were 5250-9200cGy(median : 7355 cGy) in Group I and 5360-8400cGy(median : 6758cGy) in Group II Radiotherapy on 4-6MV linear accelerator and/or 6-12MeV electron in boost radiation was given with conventional technique to 26 patients($52{\%}$), with hyperfractionation(115-120cGy/fr., 2times/day) to 16 patients($32{\%}$), with accelerated fractionation(160cGy/fr., 2 times/day) to 8 patients($16{\%}$). In chemotherapy, 5 FU 1000mg daily for 5 consecutive days, pepleomycin 10mg on days 1 and 3, and cisplatin 100mg on day 1 were administered with 3weeks interval, total 1 to 3 cycles(average 1.8cycles) prior to radiation therapy. Follow up duration was 6-140 months(mean : 58 months). Statistics was calculated with Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results : Complete local control rates in Group I and II were $75.7{\%},\;69.2{\%} Overall 5 year survival rates in Group I and II were $56.8{\%},\;30.8{\%}$. Five year survival rates by histologic type in Group I and II were $52.2{\%},\;14.3{\%}$ is squamous cell carcinoma and $54.5{\%},\;50{\%}$ in undifferentiated carcinoma. Survival rates in Group I were superior to those of Group II though there were not statistically significant. In both group, survival rates seem to be increased according to increasing total dose of radiation up to 7500cGy, but not increased beyond it. There were not statistically significant differences in survival rates by age, stage, and radiation techniques in both group. Twenty four patients($48{\%}$) experienced treatment failures. Complications were found in 12 patients($24{\%}$). The most common one was osteomyelitis(4 patients, $33.3{\%}$) involving mandible (3 patients) and maxilla(1 patient). Conclusion : Chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy was found to be not effective to nasopharyngeal cancer and the survival rate was also inferior to that of radiation alone group though it was statistically not significant due to small population in chemotherapy combined group.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

전신 뼈검사는 골수염과 골절 및 원발성 암의 조기 발견 등골 병변에 대해 높은 민감도와 해상도를 가진 검사이며, 핵의학 검사 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 그러나 최저 계수치를 제외한 평가 기준이 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 전신 뼈검사에서 정량적인 평가 지표를 나타낼 수 있는 방법을 분석해보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2014년 4월부터 2014년 9월까지 본원을 내원한 특이 골병변소견이 없는 환자 30명을 대상으로 GE INFINIA 장비에서 진행하였다. 환자의 전신계수와 허리뼈를 관심영역으로 하여, 계수치를 측정하였으며, 허리뼈 각각의 신호평균 값과 표준편차를 구하여, 대조도 대 잡음비(Contrast to Noise Ratio, CNR), 신호 대 잡음비(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)를 산출하였고, 팬텀 실험을 통해 검사 속도 변화에 따른 각각의 수치와 조직등가물질을 이용하여 복부 두께에 따른 수치를 비교 하였다. 그리고, 판독의 2명과 5년 이상의 경력을 가진 숙련된 방사선사 5명이 각각 10점 척도로 하여, Blind test로 육안적인 분석치와 정량적인 산출치 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 환자의 전신 계수치와 관심영역의 계수치는 Blind test를 통한 육안적인 분석치와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 대조도 대 잡음비와 신호 대 잡음비는 육안적인 분석치와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(P<0.05). 팬텀 실험에서는 검사 속도가 느릴수록, 조직등가물질의 두께가 얇을수록 각 수치는 향상되는 것을 보였으며, 지연검사에서 영상의 질이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 현재 전신 뼈검사에서 최저 계수치를 제외한 평가 기준이 마련되어있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대조도 대 잡음비 및 신호 대 잡음비를 이용하여 Blind test와의 유의한 상관관계를 확인 할 수 있었으며, 검사 속도가 영상의 질을 좌우하는 인자라는 것을 수치를 통해 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 동일한 주입량, 동일한 검사 속도 등 동등한 조건에서의 평가를 진행하였지만, 환자의 생리적 기능과 수분 섭취량 등에 따라 모든 특성을 고려하는 것에 한계가 존재한다. 그러나 객관적으로 정량적 수치를 제시하여, 유의한 평가 지표를 입증하였다는 데에 학술적 의미가 있을 것으로 사료된다.