• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.449-451
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• 2011

An 1.28 kg, male, thirteen years of age, red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) was presented with one month history of anorexia, decreased mobility, and swelling and erythema of forelimbs. Hyperuricemia and tophaceous gout such as osteolysis at the digit, carpal and metacarpal bones with radiopaque densities around the lesion were detected. Allopurinol (20 mg/kg, PO, once a day) and u/d (Hill's diet) were selected for treatment and other antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs were not administered. One month after initial presentation, clinical signs and radiographic findings were improved. According to the medical response, the turtle was presumptively diagnosed as articular gout and allopurinol revealed effective response to the articular gout in turtles.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2013

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is known as one of the diseases related to excessive proliferation of normal monocytes and has the variety of clinical courses and treatment. Especially, in cases with the spine, it shows a feature of single or multiple osteolysis. According to the location, disease progression and concomitant symptom, variety of treatments (observation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, etc.) have been attempted, however, appropriate treatment has not been established yet. The authors introduce the case of single system Langerhans cell histiocytosis which involves cervical and lumbar vertebrae simultaneously with bone marrow destruction and pathologic fracture.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 2012

We report here two cases of primary intraosseous meningioma with aggressive behavior. A 68-year-old man presented with a one year history of a soft, enlarging mass in the right parietal region. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed a 6 cm sized, heterogeneously-enhancing, bony expansi1e mass in the right parietal bone, and computed tomograph (CT) showed a bony, destructive lesion. The tumor, including the surrounding normal bone, was totally resected. Dural invasion was not apparent Diagnosis was atypical meningioma, which extensively metastasized within the skull one year later. A 74-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of a soft mass on the left frontal area. MRI revealed a 4 cm sized, multilobulated, strongly-enhancing lesion on the left frontal bone, and CT showed a destructive lesion. The mass was adhered tightly to the scalp and dura mater. The lesion was totally removed. Biopsy showed a papillary meningioma. The patient refused adjuvant radiation therapy and later underwent two reoperations for recurred lesions, at 19 and at 45 months postoperative. The patient experienced back pain 5 years later, and MRI showed an osteolytic lesion on the 11th thoracic vertebra. After her operation, a metastatic papillary meningioma was diagnosed. These osteolytic intraosseous meningiomas had atypical/malignant pathologies, which metastasized to whole skull and the spine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.929-936
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• 2003

Methanol extract (MeOH), n-hexane (Hx), chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous ($H_2O$) fractions of Eucommiae Cortex including geniposidic acid (GA), geniposide (GP) and aucubin (AU) were tested for their therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis. The contents of GA, GP and AU in the cortex and leaf of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were quantified by HPLC. The effect of Eucommiae Cortex on the induction of growth hormone (GH) release was studied by using rat pituitary cells. The proliferation of osteoblast-like cells increased by herbal extracts was assayed using a tetrazolium (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and [$^3H$]-proline incorporation assays. The inhibition of osteoclast was studied by using the coculture of mouse bone marrow cells and ST-2 cells. As a result, the GA, GP and AU were present in the cortex more than in the leaf of E. ulmoides Oliver. The MeOH (1mg/mL), Hx, $CHCl_3$ and EA fractions (each 20 $\mu$ g/mL) had potent induction of GH release. The $CHCl_3$ exhibited the potent proliferation of osteoblasts. The AU, GP and GA were increased proliferation of osteoblasts. In addition, GA ($IC_{50}: 4.43{\times}10^{-7}$M), AU and GP were significantly inhibited proliferation of osteoclast. In summary, it is thought that the components in a part of the fractions of Eucommiae Cortex participate in each step of mechanism for activating osteoblast to facilitate osteogenesis, and suppress osteoclast activity to inhibit osteolysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2018

Long-term complications such as loosening, wear, osteolytic lesion and granulomatous reaction by foreign bodies can occur, after total hip arthroplasty. The implantation alignment effects dislocation and wear, according to its amount and direction. Wear particles in total hip arthroplasty brings about biochemical complications such as osteolysis or send wear. In this sense, it is important to regularly check wear and alignment of total hip replacement. Because the wear in followup of 10 years may remain in a small amount, like a 1 or 2 mm generally, somewhat precise measurement tool has to be established. The wear and alignment measurement softwares commercially available currently lack in project saving or reproducibility. This study suggests a reliable method for the measurement using an X-ray image and a CAD software. The proposed method can be executed only if having a CAD software under most of current general clinical radiographical environment. The proposed was revealed through tests for the method to have accuracy of 0.06 mm with precision of 0.05 mm for wear measurement, and precision of 0.27 degrees for tilt measurement.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2008

A six year-old male Maltese dog was presented to the Konkuk University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (KUVTH) with mass in right scapula region. Physical examination, radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, cytological analysis of fine needle aspiration and histopathological examination were performed. There was no remarkable finding in CBC. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was found to be increased in serum chemistry profile. Osteolysis was seen on radiographs of the scapula. MRI revealed mixed signal intensity in scapula. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirate (FNA) was suggestive of sarcoma. We confirmed that the neoplastic cells were fibrosarcoma by immunohistochemical and Masson's trichrome staining.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.90-95
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• 2002

A 42 year old male patient complained of increasing pain and mass around the right ankle with 4 months duration. Simple Roentgenogram and CT showed ill-defined osteolysis and cortical perforation in the neck of the right talus. The pathologic findings showed high grade osteoblastic osteosarcoma. The tumor mass of the ankle increased and pulmonary metastasis was found in spite of administrating of two cycles of preoperative chemotherapy. Below-knee amputation and open wedge pulmonary resection were performed for primary lesion and multiple pulmoanry metastasis, respectively. However, the patient died with multiple pulmonary metastasis in spite of three cycles of postoperative chemotherapy at ten months after the operation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.300-303
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• 2016

An age-unknown, 4.8 kg, male, wild, domestic short-hair cat was presented for left hindlimb lameness. A physical examination revealed a draining tract which was suspected of bite on left calcaneal bone. The left tarsal joint was markedly swollen and exudates were observed around the draining tract. Sequestrum at left calcaneus bone, and osteolysis were identified by radiography. The sequestrum and its surrounding exudative tissue were debrided during surgery and the tissue was submitted for bacterial culture and sensitivity test. The debridement caused a bone defect ($1.5cm{\times}0.5cm{\times}0.5cm$) on the medial left calcaneal bone. Plate and screw fixation was performed to the calcaneus bone as buttress plate. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) loaded hydroxyapatite was implanted in the bone defect. Furthermore, Amikacin-impregnated collagen sponges were also placed around bone plate to deliver local antibiotics. A systemic antibiotic treatment regimen based on bacterial culture and sensitivity test results was administered for 4 weeks. The wound properly healed without any signs of infection, and the bone healing was confirmed by radiography. The patient showed normal weight bearing ambulation at 18 weeks after surgery. The use of rhBMP-2 and local antibiotic delivery system is a good surgical option for the one-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2022

Many bone diseases such as osteolysis, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis are caused by gram-negative bacterial infection, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial product, plays an essential role in this process. Drugs that inhibit LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis are urgently needed to prevent bone destruction in infective bone diseases. Marein, a major bioactive compound of Coreopsis tinctoria, possesses anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we measured the effect of marein on RAW264.7 cells by CCK-8 assay and used TRAP staining to determine osteoclastogenesis. The levels of osteoclast-related genes and NF-κB-related proteins were then analyzed by western blot, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Our results showed that marein inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation by osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells. The effect of marein was related to its inhibitory function on expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast-related genes containing RANK, TRAF6, MMP-9, CK, and CAII. Additionally, marein leads to markedly inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Concurrently, when the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited, osteoclast formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were decreased. Collectively, marein could inhibit LPS-induced osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 cells via regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that marein might be a potential drug for bacteria-induced bone destruction disease. Our findings provide new insights into LPS-induced bone disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2022

Osteomyelitis typically occurs because of the direct inoculation of bacteria or fungi after penetrating trauma or surgical contamination or, by extension, from soft tissue infection. Osteomyelitis is rarely reported in wildlife animals, though severe chronic osteomyelitis cases do exist in wildlife owing to the scarcity of medical support in the wild environment. This report describes three cases of chronic osteomyelitis in wild raccoon dogs related to trauma. The typical symptoms of three reported cases were ataxia, stiffness, muscle atrophy, and lethargy. All three cases were relevant to traumatic or severe external injury, and skin infestation caused by ectoparasites was apparent on an ocular inspection. In the radiographic examination, diffuse sites of osteolytic lesions and remarkable periosteal responses were demonstrated around the injured limb in all three cases. Apparent neutrophilia with a left shift, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis in hematological examinations generally indicated chronic infection as shown in case 1 and 3. Treatment was attempted with broad-spectrum antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, clindamycin, and meloxicam. These treatment options helped improve the overall prognosis of chronic osteomyelitis, but the outcomes did not meet the treatment goal entirely. Osteomyelitis can be extremely challenging to treat, particularly in wild animals, because of their distinctive traits, such as masking phenomenon and uncontrolled exposure to ectoparasites. Earlier diagnosis with a radiographic examination, hematological examinations, and careful patient monitoring, followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy and restricted exercise, are the key factors leading to a better prognosis.