• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2009

Purpose: The stability of periodontal condition and marginal bone level were important to achieve long-term success of dental implant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal conditions and marginal bone loss around 67 GSII(OSSTEM, Seoul, Korea) dental implants with dual-microthread at the neck portion, 1 year after prosthetic loading. Materials and methods: Sixty-seven GS II dental implants in 27 patients(mean age; $47.4{\pm}14.0$ years) who received implant treatments at Pusan National University Hospital, were included in this study. Thirteen US II(OSSTEM, Seoul, Korea) implants with smooth neck design were selected for the control group. Periodontal and radiographic evaluations were carried out at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after prosthetic loading. Results: In the GS II group, plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI) and probing depth(PD) increased as time passed. In the US II group, GI and PD increased. Although marginal bone level was lower in the US II group in all evaluation periods, the changes between the periods were not statistically significant(p>0.05). In each period, periodontal parameters were not statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: One year after prosthetic loading, GS II and US II dental implants showed similar periodontal conditions and marginal bone response, and were within the criteria of success.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of surface treatment of the cervical area of implant on bone regeneration in fresh extraction socket following implant installation. Materials and methods: The four minipigs, 18 months old and 30 kg weighted, were used. Four premolars of the left side of both the mandible and maxilla were extracted. ${\phi}$3.3 mm and 11.5 mm long US II plus implants (Osstem Implant co., Korea) with resorbable blasting media (RBM) treated surface and US II implants (Osstem Implant co., Korea) with machined surface at the top and RBM surface at lower portion were installed in the socket. Stability of the implant was measured with $Osstell^{TM}$ (Model 6 Resonance Frequency Analyser: Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Sweden). After 2 months of healing, the procedures and measurement of implant stability were repeated in the right side by same method of left side. At four months after first experiment, the animals were sacrificed after measurement of stability of all implants, and biopsies were obtained. Results: Well healed soft tissue and no mobility of the implants were observed in both groups. Histologically satisfactory osseointegration of implants was observed with RBM surface, and no foreign body reaction as well as inflammatory infiltration around implant were found. Furthermore, substantial bone formation and high degree of osseointegration were exhibited at the marginal defects around the cervical area of US II plus implants. However, healing of US II implants was characterized by the incomplete bone substitution and the presence of the connective tissue zone between the implant and newly formed bone. The distance between the implant platform (P) and the most coronal level of bone-to-implant contact (B) after 2 months of healing was $2.66{\pm}0.11$ mm at US II implants group and $1.80{\pm}0.13$mm at US II plus implant group. The P-B distance after 4 months of healing was $2.29{\pm}0.13$mm at US II implants group and $1.25{\pm}0.10$mm at US II plus implants group. The difference between both groups regarding the length of P-B distance was statistically significant(p<0.05). Concerning the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) value, the stability of US II plus implants group showed relatively higher RFA value than US II implants group. Conclusion: The current results suggest that implants with rough surface at the cervical area have an advantage in process of bone regeneration on defect around implant placed in a fresh extraction socket.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study is compare the rate of marginal bone resorption around hydroxyapatite-coated implants given different loading times in order to evaluate their stability. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively for one year, targeting 41 patients whose treatment areas were the posterior maxilla and the mandible. Osstem TS III HA (Osstem Implant Co., Busan, Korea) and Zimmer TSV-HA (Zimmer Dental, Carlsbad, CA, USA), which employ the new hydroxyapatite coating technique, were used. The patients were divided into two groups - immediate and delayed loading - and the bone level at the time of loading commencement and after one year of loading was measured using periapical radiography. Differences between the groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney (${\alpha}$=0.05). Results: For all patients as a single group, the survival rate of the implants was 100%, and the mean marginal bone loss was $0.26{\pm}0.59mm$. In comparison of the differences by loading, mean marginal bone loss of $0.32{\pm}0.69mm$ was recorded for the immediate loading group whereas the delayed loading group had mean marginal bone loss of $0.16{\pm}0.42mm$. However, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limited observation period of one year, predictable survival rates can be expected when using immediately loaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the $Osstem^{(R)}$ implants (US II/SS II implants) through the retrospective study for the clinical success rate during the installation of the $Osstem^{(R)}$ implants (US II/SS II implants) by using of the procedures of maxillary sinus floor elevation. Materials and methods: The current study was researched in the 6 medical institutions: Chonnam National University, Chosun University, Pusan DaeDong Hospital, Bundang Seoul National University Hospital, Ap-Seon Clinic, and All Clinic. Based on the total number of 116 patients whose treatment was the installation of the US II/SS II implants with the procedures of the maxillary sinus floor elevation, they were conferred on the dental records of the patients under the joint consultation of the 6 medical institutions. On the dental recording charts, there were included in as the following; the name of the institutions, gender, age, with or without smoking or drinking, with or without the generalized diseases, the height of the alveolar bone on the operational sites, elapsed edentulous state period, the state of the opposed or adjacent teeth, the methods of the maxillary sinus floor elevation, secondary time period for surgery, the lengths, types, and diameters of implants, with or without bone transplantation or the types of bone, postoperative current bone height, current adjacent soft tissue state of the implants, with or without the success of the installations of the implants. We have done our survey with the clinical and radiolographical examinations and dental questionaries. The success and survival rate of the implants was evaluated. Results 1. Total number of the patients with the installation of the US II implants were 62. The 252 numbers of US II implants were installed on the 89 maxillary sinuses. The patient's mean age was 54.1 years old and there were 36 men and 27 women. 2. Total number of patients with the installation of SS II implant were 57. The 165 numbers of SS II implants were planted on the 80 maxillary sinuses. Their mean age was 48.7 years old and there were 37 men and 20 women. 3. The follow-up period was 30.7 months(21-49 mon) on average. The vertical bone loss of installed implants after the procedures of the maxillary sinus elevation was 1.1 mm on average in SS II and 1.3 mm on average in US II. There existed no statistical significance on each group. The mean enlarged bone height after the maxillary sinus floor elevation was 8.2 mm. 4. For the procedures of the maxillary sinus elevation, the Lateral approach technique occupied 87.1%, which was the most used one. In addition, the most frequently used transplanted bone was autogenous bone only which was 72.7% during the maxillary sinus floor elevation. 5. The complication of maxillary sinus floor elevation were perforation of sinus membrane, disesthesia on doner site, exposure of cover screw and exposure of maxillar bone. 6. The survival rate of US II and SS II after maxillary sinus floor elevation was 99.2% and 95.8%, respectively. And the success rate of US II and SS II after maxillary sinus floor elevation was 97.6% and 89.7%, respectively. Conclusion : On the evaluation of the analysis of our study, both US II and SS II implants showed the excellent clinical results by use of the procedures of maxillary sinus floor elevation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2008

The authors performed the clinical and radiographic evaluation in the 29 patients with sinus bone graft and $Osstem^{(R)}$ implant placement between Sep 2003 and Jan 2006 and got the following results. 1. Fifteen complications developed in the 13 patients. Intraoperative sinus membrane perforation and postoperative maxillary sinusitis developed frequently. 2. The mean preoperative residual alveolar bone height was 4.5 mm, postoperative height 18.5 mm, height 1 year after operation 16.9 mm. 3. Three primary osseointegration failures(3.7%) developed in 3 patients. 4. The survival rate of prosthodontics was 100% at the final follow up. The mean marginal bone resorption around the implants was 0.69 mm 1 year after prosthodontic loading. Marginal bone resorption more than 1.5 mm developed in nine implants and the success rate was 88%.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2007

Purpose This study was planned to compare and evaluate the stability of implant using $Osstell^{TM}$ and Osstell $Mentor^{TM}$. Material and methods Artificial bone and RBM(resorbable blasting media) surface blasted implants(Osstem US II, SS II implants - diameter: 4mm, length: 13mm) were used. To measure the stability of installed implants, $Osstell^{TM}$ and Osstell $Mentor^{TM}$ were used. In the first experiment, five implants were installed in D1(external type implants) and D3(internal type implants). In the second experiment, 4 internal type implants were divided in two groups and installed in D1 artificial bone with different depth. In the third experiment, two external implants were installed in D1 and D3 artificial bone each and two internal implants were installed in D1 and D3 artificial bone. In all groups, their stability were measured by $Osstell^{TM}$ and Osstell $Mentor^{TM}$. Results In all groups, $Osstell^{TM}$ and Osstell $Mentor^{TM}$ both showed reliable measurement values. The value difference between $Osstell^{TM}$ and Osstell $Mentor^{TM}$ was observed but the difference was small and clinically acceptable. Conclusion These results suggest that the use of Osstell $Mentor^{TM}$ has clinical relevance in the assessment of implant stability.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

Objective : This research compared stabilities between two types of dental implant ($SLA^{TM}$, Institut Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland and $SSII^{TM}$, Osstem co, Busan, Korea) using Osstell Mentor (Integration Diagnostics AB, Goteborg, Sweden) considering surgery methods, surgery area, diameter of implant, systemic disease, and smoking for obtaining prognosis information when installing fixture of dental implant. Materials & Methods : 206 implants of 131 patients taken by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) were determined as a final sample. Dental implants were installed as protocol of supplier by a excellent dentist who had 10 years experience about dental implants. Before connecting abutments (3 months after installation of fixture), RFA were measured twice for buccal and lingual direction to obtain average value. Results : Dental implants at mandible showed significantly higher stabilities significantly than at maxilla (p<0.001). Diameter 4.8 implants had also higher stabilities than diameter 4.1 in case of $SLA^{TM}$ implants (p<0.001). $SLA^{TM}$ implants showed more excellent stabilities than $SSII^{TM}$ implants, especially at posterior area of mandible (p=0.045) and premolar area of maxilla (p=0.032). Conclusions : This research revealed higher stabilities of $SLA^{TM}$ implants than $SSII^{TM}$ implant, especially at posterior area of mandible (p=0.045) and premolar area of maxilla (p=0.032).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.325-340
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the artificial dental plaque by Streptococcus mutans on 4 different implant surfaces. In this study, the specimens were divided into 4 groups according to implant surface treatment. Uncoated implant group(n=5) which has an uncoated, smooth surfaced implant(Osstem, Korea), SLA implant group(n=5) which has an sandblasted large grit and acid-etched surface implant(Bicon, USA). Oxidized implant group(n=5) which has an oxidized surfaced implant (Osstem, Korea), and RBM implant group(n=5) which has resorbable blasting media(RBM) surfaced implant(Osstem, Korea). Acquired pellicle by human saliva and dental plaque by Streptococcus mutans were made on each implant surface. To analyze the plaque condition on implants surfaces, cell count and optical density were taken as a microbiologic method, and SEM(Scanning Electronic Microscope) findings was also taken for evaluation of surface condition. The following results were obtained. 1. Cell counting results of artificial dental plaque were Uncoated group($658.0{\pm}102.0$), RBM group($878.0{\pm}170.0$), SLA group ($946.0{\pm}42.0$), Oxidized group($992.0{\pm}40.0$), and there was difference between Oxidized group and Uncoated implant group(p<0.05). In case of modified cell counting results by v/w% were RBM group($197.8{\pm}45.2$), Oxidized group($207.04{\pm}8.34$), Uncoated group($261.6{\pm}40.6$), SLA group($315.4{\pm}14.0$), and there was difference between RBM group and SLA group(p<0.05). 2. Optical density results of artificial dental plaque after ultrasonic treatment was that there was difference among groups, and optical density of RBM group was higher than that of Uncoated group(p<0.05). In case of modified optical density results by v/w%, there was difference among groups, and the modified optical density of Uncoated group and SLA group was higher than those of Oxidized group and RBM group(P>0.05). 3. SEM findings of artificial dental plaque on the surfaces of implant as follows; there were artificial dental plaque on the surfaces of all test implants. Streptococcus mutans and by-product were observed at 10,000 times magnified condition on all test implants. Adhesion area of artificial dental plaque was about 1/2 of total surface after 24 hours incubate at $37^{\circ}C$. These results showed that there were differences among implant surfaces on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, and bacteria and by-product were covered about 1/2 area of total implant surfaces at 24 hours incubate at $37^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2011

Introduction: Hydroxyapatite(HA) coating implant can accelerate osseointegration, however, there are many controversies. Materials and Methods: This study examined the early osseointegration of two types of hydroxyapatite coated implants. Twelve adult male miniature pigs (Medi Kinetics Micropigs, Medi Kinetics Co., Ltd., Busan, Korea) were used in this study. In the implants placed in the mandible, a histomorphometric evaluation was performed to evaluate the bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio. Results: The BIC ratio increased with time. TS III HA and Zimmer HA were not significantly different (P>0.05). At 8 weeks, the BIC of Zimmer HA was higher than TS III HA, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: HA coated implants will accelerate early osseointegration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to compare and evaluate the effect of recipient site depths and diameters of the drills on the primary stability of implant in pig's ribs. Materials and methods: An intact pig's rib larger than 8 mm in width and 20 mm in height; RBM(resorbable blasting media) surface blasted ${\phi}3.75mm$ and 8.0 mm long USII Osstem Implants (Osstem Co., Korea) were used. To measure the primary stability, $Periotest^{(R)}$ (Simens AG, Germany) and $Osstell^{TM}$ (Model 6 Resonance Frequency Analyser: Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Sweden) were used. They were divided into 6 groups according to its recipient site formation method: D3H3, D3H5, D3H7, D3.3H3, D3.3H5, D3.3H7. Each group had, as indicated, 10 implants placed, and total 60 implants were used. The mean value was obtained by 4-time measurements each on mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual side perpendicular to the long axis of the implant using $Periotest^{(R)}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$. For statistical analysis one-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean value of each group, and the correlation between placement depths and the primary stability, and that of measuring instruments was analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Results: The primary stability of the implants increased as the placement depths increased (p<0.05), and showed a proportional relationship (p<0.01). The primary stability increased when the diameter of the recipient site was smaller than that of the implant but with no statistical significance. There was a strong correlation between $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Periotest^{(R)}$ (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that increasing the placement depth of implants enhances the primary stability of implant.