• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.643-647
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the correlationship between lip canting change and occlusal canting change after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and the ratio of lip canting change and occlusal canting change after the surgery. Patients and methods: The subjects for this study was obtained from a group of 25 patients who took bimaxillary orthognathic surgery for occlusal canting correction at the Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea between January 2000 and December 2005 and a patient's chart had to contain a resting frontal facial photograph in natural head position and a corresponding PA cephalogram in occlusion on the same day before the surgery and post-op 6 months later. The lip canting change was assessed with the angle each labial commissure and the bipupilary reference line. And, the occlusal caning change in the frontal plane was assessed with the angle between the each maxillary first molar occulasal surface and the bi-frontozygomatic suture reference line. Results: In angular measurement, average occlusal canting change was $3.09^{\circ}$ and standard deviation was $1.05^{\circ}$, average lip canting change was $1.56^{\circ}$ and standard deviation was $1.05^{\circ}$. In linear measurement, average occlusal canting change was 2.41mm and standard deviation was 2.75mm, average lip canting change was 1.18mm and standard deviation was 0.43mm. Lip canting correction ration to occlusal canting correction was 51.5(${\pm}8.4$)% in angular measurement and 48.8(${\pm}9.1$)% in linear measurement. Under Pearson's correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.869 in angular measurement and 0.887 in linear measurement(p-value < 0.01). High correlationship was shown between occlusal canting change and lip canting change. Conclusion: First, Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery can correct lip canting as well as occlusal canting. Second, The average amount of lip canting correction is $51.5{\pm}8.4%,\;48.8{\pm}9.1%$ of occlusal canting correction in the study.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 1982

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to achieve normal occlusion and good facial esthetics for individual patients. To produce harmonized facial balance, treatment planning for patient who require orthodontic treatment should include both a hard tissue and soft tissue cephalometric analysis. Author studied to derive the normal standards of soft tissue profile in Koreans by roentgenocephalometric analysis. For this study 12 soft tissue profile landmarks were plotted and 23 linear length, 9 soft tissue thickness, 8 vertical height length, 12 angles of soft tissue profile, and 3 vertical proportion were measured. The subjects consisted of 166 males and 209 females from 7 to 19 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profiles, and were divided into five groups according to age. The obtained results were as follows; 1. From the basis of N-Pog (Nasion-Pogonion) plane, the growth of facial soft tissue in the middle region especially nose area was greater than others facial region. 2. From the basis of G-Pog' (Glabella-soft tissue Pogonion) plane, the values of linear measurement of soft tissue Nasion and Inferior labial sulcus decreased and nose tip grew forward as growing older. 3. The growth of the facial soft tissue thickness was greatest in superior labial sulcus and the thickness of soft tissue nasion gradually became thinner as growing old. 4. The thickness of upper and lower lip was 14.47mm, 14.57mm in adulr male, 12.76mm, 13.78mm in adult female. 5. The soft tissue thickness of the lower lip was thicker than that of upper lip in all age groups and both sexes, 6. The vertical length of the upper and lower lips were 25.04mm, 49.97mm in adult male and 23.50mm, 48.39mm in adult female. 7. By the significant test, there were significant difference between male and female in fifth adult group on all vertical length measurements of lower face. 8. In fifth adult group, the perpendicular distance from LS, LI to Steiner's line and Ricketts' esthetic line were as follow; Steiner line to LS, LI were 7.98mm, 5.84mm in male. Steiner line to LS, LI were 6.71mm, 5.08mm in female. Ricketts' esthetic line to LS, LI were -0.40mm, 1.72mm in male. Ricketts' esthetic line to Ls, LI were -1.38mm 0.65mm in female. 9. In fifth adult group, the facial convexity angle and lower facial component angle were $171.17^{\circ}142.94^{\circ}$ in male and $172.5^{\circ}$, $144.41^{\circ}$ in female.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

Purpose: At present, information regarding periodontal disease in geriatric patients is scarce. The purpose of this study was to quantify the periodontal pathogens present in the saliva of Korean geriatric patients and assess the relationship between the bacterial levels and the periodontal condition. Methods: Six putative periodontal pathogens were quantified by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in geriatric patient groups (>60 years) with mild chronic periodontitis (MCP), moderate chronic periodontitis (MoCP), and severe chronic periodontitis (SCP). The copy numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia were measured. Results: It was found that the bacterial copy numbers increased as the severity of the disease increased from MCP to SCP, except for P. intermedia. For P. intermedia, it was found that samples in the MCP group yielded the largest amount. It was also found that the quantities of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola, the so-called "red complex" bacteria, were lower than those of F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia in all of the samples. Conclusions: Collectively, the results of this study suggest that the levels of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola present in saliva are associated with the severity of periodontal disease in geriatric patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2000

Objectives: To investigate the airway narrowing patterns by multi-level airway pressure(MAP) monitoring during sleep and to evaluate the value of CT scan taken during waking and sleep apneic periods to identify the level of airway narrowing(LAN) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). Methods: Eleven patients with OSAS underwent a night polysomnography with continuous MAP monitoring by 4-sensor(placed at nasopharynx, caudal-uvula, hypopharynx, esophagus) or 2-sensor(placed at caudal-uvula and esophagus) catheter. All patients had cine CT at five levels of high retro and alatal, low retropalatal, retroglossal, epiglottis and hypopharynx during awake and sleep periods. In each patient, LAN determined by CT scan($LAN_{CT}$) during sleep apnea was compared with LAN by MAP monitoring($LAN_{MAP}$). Results: MAP monitoring showed that four patients(36%) had a single pattern of LAN while the other seven patients(64%) showed two or more different LANs in different apneic episodes. Velopharynx was the most common level of frequently observed airway narrowing during sleep apnea(63.6%). However, a single pattern of airway narrowing was more frequent(72.7%) in airway CT during sleep apnea. Velopharynx was the most common narrowest level also in apneic CT(66%). In comparing $LAN_{CT}$ with $LAN_{MAP}$, the $LAN_{CT}$ of five patients(45.5%) were high-concordant, those of another five(45.5%) low-concordant, and that of one(9%) discordant with $LAN_{MAP}$. Conclusions: Cine CT scan during the awake state or sleep apnea may not reflect the LAN correctly in OSAS because most patients showed two or more different airway narrowing patterns during different episodes of sleep apnea in each patient.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2008

Statement of problem : Today's market economy has been changed more and more to consumer concerned. It is owing to not only consumers ' rising standard of living and education, but also purchasers' easy accessibilities to products through various mass media. The consumer centered market system, where customer can choose items with diverse alternatives to satisfy their self esteem, is also applied to the field of medical business, and accelerated by an increasing income level of shoppers and introducing the whole nations' medical insurance system. Today, the medical industry has become competitive due to increasing number of medical institutions and medical personnel, and this offers wide choices to consumers in the medical market place. At this point of time, it is essential to survey on the primary factor of gratification for the patient in the Dental clinic, as well as on the problems and suggestions in medical service. Purpose : The analysis in this study shows essential factors and expected influential elements in satisfaction of the patient in the Dental Hopsital, and strategic suggestions for the provider of dental service, which can be of benefit to the prospective customer as well as can make improvement in the quality of dental treatment service. Material and method : This study had been researched by collecting and analyzing the organized questionnaires, which were filled in directly from 784 patients, who visit Dental Hospital, Yonsei University in Seoul, from January 23rd to April 15th. Result : It can be summarized like the followings. 1. The social and demographical peculiarities of respondents are as follows. Samples of gender and marital status are adequately extracted, but data on occupation and treatment are are under a bias toward students, undergraduates and graduate students, and orthodontics. 2. 74% of patients who answer the questionnaire were highly satisfied with the service of dental clinic in the section of overall satisfaction. 3. The survey result about specific service of dental treatment, within sections of independent variables, is like the followings; Patients are highly gratified with service system, kindness, explanation, explanation on expected waiting hours, reservation system, emergency measures, expert treatment, existence of knowledge of dentistry, size of hospital, disinfection, equipment and parking, but lowly satisfied with expense of treatment, preparatory hours for treatment, waiting hours, treatment hours and the period of subscription. 4. The correlation analysis showed that there is no significant linear relationship between the independent variables. 5. The probit regression analysis showed that 8 out of 34 independent variables explained the dependent variables at the level of 0.01. 6. It shows that 8 independent variables, which can affect customers 'satisfaction, are clearing up of inconvenience, service system, kindness, explanation, treatment hours per attendance, reservation system, existence of knowledge of dentistry, and contentment of equipment in the hospital. Conclusion : The consumer's satisfaction totally relies on subjective evaluations of customers. Providing appropriate service, which can meet the criteria for the customer who demands various wares, pursues luxury goods, and expects high quality of medical service, is essential to fulfill patients' satisfaction. Many medical institutions do their best to satisfy their customer, touch their consumer, and offer patience centered services, and it is also applied to the field of dentistry. Establishing brand new strategic managements and elevating the quality of dental service based on this survey are required to improve the satisfaction of patience in the Dental Hospital.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical assessment and cephalometric characteristics in 10s patients with condylar resorption, who visited in the Department of Oral Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2006, by use of panorama, transcranial view and lateral cephalometric radiograph. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical assessment 1) Total number of patients were 59. Female was 47 and male was 12, Females were predominant and patient's age ranged from 12 to 19. 2) Most of the patients had Grade II condyle resorption. 3) The number of who had Class I occlusion was 27, which was the largest group. The number of patients with openbite was 20. Average overjet was 3.58mm and average overbite was 0.97mm. 4) Most of the patients had parafunctional habit. 5) The patients of showing the pain in condylar resortion was 41 and the case of not showing the pain was 18. 6) Treatment duration of 23 patients were less than 1 month, 28 patients were treated with supported therapy. 2. Cephalometric Characteristics 1) A 16-year-old female patients showed smaller SNA, SNB and larger articular angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 2) A 17-year-old female patients showed smaller SN, SAr, TPFH, ramus height and larger SN-GoMe, FMA, articular angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 3) Over 18 years old female patients showed smaller SN, SNB, TPFH, ramus height and larger ANB, FMA, SN-GoMe, LAFH, articular angle, gonial angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 4) Over 18 years old male patients showed smaller SN, TPFH, ramus height and larger FMA, SN-GoMe, LAFH, articular angle, gonial angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 5) There was no significant difference between 10s and normal group in mandibular body length.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical assessment, panorama & MRI findings and cephalometric characteristics in 42 patients with condylar resorption, who visited in the Department of Oral Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2006. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical assessment 1) Female was 34 and male was 8, females were predominant. Distribution of age showed as follows; 10s was 14, 20s was 13, 30s was 7, 40s was 3, 50s was 4 and 60s was 1 patient. 10s and 20s were predominant. 2) Most of the patients had parafunctional habit. 2. Findings of panorama & MRI 1) Most of the patients had degree of Grade II condylar resorption by panorama taking. 2) Most of the patients had disc dislocation and belonged to the degree of stage IV by MRI taking. 3. Cephalometric Characteristics 1) SN, SAr and saddle angle in female patients were significantly smaller and SN in male patients showed only significantly smaller than normal group. 2) SNA showed no difference from the normal group in both patients. SNB was smaller and ANB was lager in female patients than normal group. 3) SN-GoMe and FMA increased in patients. 4) Total posterior facial height & ramus height were significantly smaller. 5) Mandibular body length did not show any significant difference.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 1997

This paper aimed to study what the influences of orthodontic treatment of pronunciation are. We compared the duration and the acoustic wave patterns of Korean consonants pronounced by a control group with those of a patient who had his four premolars extracted and had been given orthodontic treatment The results were as follows : 1. Compared to the control group, the treatment group had a longer duration time of consonant pronunciation for all consonants but "ㅅ(s)" and "ㅌ($(t^h)$" in CV(consonant-vowel) pairs. Especially in the case of "ㅈ(dz)", "ㅆ$({\varphi}^h)$" for CV-pairs, and "ㄷ(d)" in VCV(vowel-consonant-vowel) clusters, the duration of consonant sound showed a sharp contrast between the control group and the treatment group. 2. There were clear differences in the acoustic wave patterns of "ㅉ(ts)", "ㅆ$({\varphi}^h)$" and "ㅊ$(c^h)$", all of which were in VCV-clusters. The acoustic wave pattern of "ㅉ(ts)", when pronounced by the treatment group, was stronger than the control group's. This phenomenon was most remarkable in the transitive section where the "ㅉ(ts)" sound flowed into the following vowel. When a preceding vowel shifted to the consonant "ㅆ$({\varphi}^h)$", the attack property of the appeared clearly in the acoustic waves of the treament group, while in the control group the starting point of consonart was indistinctive. Consonant duration for the treatment group was longer, and the appearance of a zero crossing point in the acoustic wave was more frequent. In the case of "ㅊ$(c^h)$", the treatment group produced a strong acoustic wave, and the property of aspiration was obvious in it. 3. When the treatment group pronounced "ㄷ(d)" and "ㅈ(dz)" in CV-pairs, the acoustic-wave was similar to that of aspirated "ㅌ$(t^h)$" and "ㅊ$(c^h)$". 4. The aspirated "ㅌ$(t^h)$" and "ㅊ$(c^h)$" pronounced by the treatment group showed the stronger airstream and acoustic wave form.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2009

Condylar resorption, or condylysis can be defined as progressive alteration of condylar shape and decrease in mass. Condylar resorption is a poorly understood progressive disease that affects the TMJ and that can result in malocclusion, facial disfigurement, TMJ dysfunction, and pain. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical assessment and cephalometric characteristics in 224 patients with condylar resorption, who visited in the Department of Oral Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2006, by use of panorama, transcranial view and lateral cephalometric radiograph. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical assessment 1) Total number of patients who visited with chief complaints of TMD were 2419 and 224 (9.3%) among them revealed the condylar resorption, Among patients group with condylar resorption, female was 183 and male was 41, females were predominant. 2) Patient's age ranged from 12 to 70 and mean age was 30.6 years old with a strong predominance for 10s and 20s. Distribution of a showed as follows; 10s was 26.3%, 20s was 34,8%, 30s was 13.8%, 40s was 11.2%, 50s was 7.1%, 60s was 6.3% and 70s was 0.4%. 3) Most of the patients had parafunctional habit. 4) The case of showing the pain in condylar resorption was 145, the case of not showing the pain was 79. 5) Treatment duration of the patients was relatively short. 2. Cephalometric Characteristics 1) ANB which means the retruding of the mandible increased significantly than normal group. The ANB of female was lager than male group as the means of ANB were 5.05 in female and 3.57 in male, 2) SN-GoMe and FMA increased in resorption patients, but FH-PP did not show any significant difference. The FMA of female was lager than male group as the means were 31.69 in female and 30.44 in male. 3) Total posterior facial height was significantly smaller and total anterior facial height showed no significant increase as compared with those of the normal group. Condylar resorption was predominant in young female which was caused by more vertical facial pattern in female than male and increase of parafunctional habit in young age. It was thought that the patients who have a risk factor increasing the compressive stress at condyle caused by obliquely inclined masseter and medial pterygoid show high prevalence of condylar resorption.