• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2016

Objectives This study aimed at proposing a hypothetical principle to add or abstract herbs for modifying Taeeumjowi-tang.Method Based on Jema Lee's literatures such as Dongyisusebowon and Dongyisasangsipyeon, we analyzed contents related to Taeeumjowi-tang and its modification. Moreover, we reviewed physiological and pathological pecularities of Taeeumin symptomatology and applied the theory to induce the principle of the modified Taeeumjowi-tang in Sasang medicine.Results and Conclusions 1) We have found 10 modified Taeeumjowi-tang from Dongyisasangsipyeon. 2) Mahwangjowi-tang (麻黃調胃湯), Gogijowi-tang (固氣調胃湯), Shingijowi-tang (腎氣調胃湯), Euiyiinjowi-tang (薏苡仁調胃湯), Gamijowi-tang (加味調胃湯), and Gyeongheomjowi-tang (經驗調胃湯) are modified for Taeeumin who have original symptoms of more severe cold tendency. Especially, Gogijowi-tang helps to circulate energy-fluid from esophagus to skin, while Shingijowi-tang directly aids the function of esophagus. 3) Seungjijowi-tang (升芷調胃湯), Seunggeumjowi-tang (升芩調胃湯), Seunggijowi-tang (承氣調胃湯), and Jowisokmyung-tang (調胃續命湯) are modified for Taeeumin who have originally cold symtoms, accompanied by heat tendencies. Especially, Seungjijowi-tang helps to eliminate mild heat existing throughout skin and flesh, while Seunggeumjowi-tang gets rid of severe heat swarming in the flesh parts. Seunggijowi-tang can take away the most severe heat symptoms in the whole body

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.73-79
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide Korean version of mild traumatic brain injury assessment tool. Methods The original version of acute concussion evaluation (ACE) was translated into Korean, and it was then back-translated into English without any prior knowledge of ACE. Finally, the pre-final version of Korean version of acute concussion evaluation (K-ACE) was derived. 49 Korean patients who had been diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury participated in the study and completed K-ACE. Overall, 44 data were used to analyze findings. Validity of the study was assessed based on Concurrent validity. Reliability was also evaluated using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value for each item presented a proper level of internal consistency with results of 0.711 to 0.893 in two evaluations, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the retest reliability was marked as 0.892 (95% CI 0.840~0.933). Concurrent validity demonstrated positive correlations between K-ACE and Korean version of postconcussional syndrome questionnaire. Conclusions The K-ACE is concluded as a valid and reliable tool for measuring mild traumatic brain injury and post-concussion symptoms. Upon completion of the follow-up study, the K-ACE will be well-utilized by both clinicians and researchers.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Objective : The Hoarding Rating Scale-Self-Report (HRS-SR) is a five-item scale that simply assesses the hoarding symptoms. We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the HRS-SR (HRS-SR-K). Methods : A total of 144 individuals completed the self-administered questionnaires including HRS-SR-K, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean version (OCI-R-K), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Psychometric properties of the HRS-SR-K were analyzed. Results : The Cronbach's α value for internal consistency of the HRS-SR-K was excellent (Cronbach's α=0.84). The construct validity was analyzed on the basis of principal component analysis and one-factor structure of the original scale was maintained. The HRS-SR-K total score and each item scores were more strongly correlated with the hoarding subscale score in OCI-R-K (convergent validity, r=0.71, p<0.01) than the corresponding scores of nonspecific depression or anxiety measures (discriminant validity). Conclusion : The HRS-SR-K is a simple and reliable self-report scale for examining the severity of hoarding symptoms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.88-107
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• 2023

In the present investigation, bacterial isolates from infected apple trees causing apple canker during winter were studied in the northern Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The pathogen was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) through various physiological and biochemical characterization assays such as BIOLOG, gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters, and 16S rRNA. Bioassays for the production of phytotoxins were positive for syringopeptin and syringomycin against Bacillus megaterium and Geotrichum candidum, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method enabled the detection of toxin-producing genes, syrB1, and sypB in Pss. The differentiation of strains was performed using LOPAT and GATTa tests. Pss further exhibited ice nucleation activity (INA) at a temperature of -0.7℃, indicating an INA⁺ bacterium. The ice-nucleating temperature was -4.7℃ for a non-treated control (sterilized distilled water), whereas it was -9.6℃ for an INA^- bacterium Escherichia coli TOP10. These methods detected pathogenic strains from apple orchards. Pss might exist in an apple tree during ice injury, and it secretes a toxin that makes leaves yellow and cause canker symptoms. Until now, Korea has not developed antibiotics targeting Pss. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective disease control to combat Pss in apple orchards. Pathogenicity test on apple leaves and stems showed canker symptoms. The pathogenic bacterium was re-isolated from symptomatic plant tissue and confirmed as original isolates by 16S rRNA. Repetitive element sequence-based PCR and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR primers revealed different genetic profiles within P. syringae pathovars. High antibiotic susceptibility results showed the misreading of mRNA caused by streptomycin and oxytetracycline.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2024

Introduction This case series report an attempt to treat Sasang constitutional medicine on Soyangin patients with unspecified hot flush. Methods The patients in this case were diagnosed as Soyangin cold pattern and treated with herb medicine Dojeokgangi-tang. Treatment outcome was monitored retrospectively. Results Persistent hot flush significantly improved to normal levels in all 3 Soyangin patients, and 2 out of 3 showed the effect within 4 weeks, those with more chronic symptoms required more time. Discussion This study suggests the significance of Sasang constitutional medicine treatment in Soyangin patients with Hot flush. Additionally, the characteristics of patients with hot flush presented in this study were verified as meaningful diagnostics indicator of Soyangin lesser yang wind damage. Furthermore, it emphasizes the value of original symptoms as a standard for evaluating treatment effectiveness.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a direction for future studies based on the analysis of the articles published in the Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care from 1998 to 2012. A total of 240 articles (51 reviews, 189 original) were examined in three five-year groups. Categories of analysis include authors' background (profession, region) and general characteristics and qualitative aspects of the original paper (participants, topic, study design, data analysis, ethical consideration, multidisciplinary approach, research funds and sample size estimation). While the journal publishes more of articles than before, it is mainly due to the increase in the number of review articles, not original articles. As for study topics, healthcare industry and physical symptoms were most frequently studied. The disparity in authors' regional background is fading, and more articles are published by nurses than before. Moreover, more studies are funded while fewer papers tend to adopt a multidisciplinary approach or focus on care givers. Also, in terms of a study design, the number of experimental and methodological studies has slightly increased. In the qualitative aspect, studies considered ethical issues and collected participation consent, and fewer studies reported an estimated sample size. In data analysis, post-adjustment comparison decreased, and new analytical methods are increasingly used. Our results indicate the need to conduct research with more extensive scientific data in various fields of hospice and palliative care.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.8-27
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• 2001

1. Purpose This paper was written in order to understand the concept of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ (東武遣稿 藥性歌) which was descending as the material of Sasang pharmacology. So we are planning to make use of the fundamental material of the study on the Sasang Medications and Prescriptions. 2. Methods Through comparing each clause of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ on all the sasang -records, we understood that concept. 3 Result 1) ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ of a literary work of DongMu(東武) which contain special elucidative-method of herb-nature has 18 type of YakSungGa which explain each 27 herbs for the Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. The period of authoship is supposed to the time just before ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon Gabobon${\lrcorner}$ (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)(1894, DongMu 58 years old) or middle of fifties(53-57 years old). 2) YakSungGa of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ which is published by the BoGunsung(保健省) of North Korea is supposed to close to original type. The main meaning of that is the herb-nature which works on the weakst point of each Sasangin. And then the herbs were classfied by the diseases and symptoms possessing Bomyungjiju(保命之主), the herb's efficacy is explained at the each constitution. 3) The meaning of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ is exposure of the opinion of DongMu's early stage that proposed herb-nature which is applied to the principle of Jang(臟) of Sasangin, reason and purpose to enact newly created prescriptios by the constitutional diseases and symptoms, and the compositional principle of newly created prescription. 4) The selection of herbs or cogution of herb-nature of DongMu's pharmacological opinion of his early stage was changed by accumulating clinical experience. So all the newly created prescriptios of ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$ could not be explained by only the herb and the herd-nature on ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$. Therefore the purpose of DongMu's YaksungGa is not explaining the symptoms in charge of each herb or classifying the herb by constitution, but offering the principle of composition of prescription of Sasang, from the necessary herb which possess and expand Bomyungjiju to nature of herb which is applied to the constitution for treating all the diseases and sypmtoms by the heavy or light and slow or speedy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.961-967
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• 2011

This study is about 'Ji-Qi-Shang-Chong(其氣上衝)' in Shang-han-lun("傷寒論")'s 15th text. Shang-han-lun is a basic text about pathology of Traditional Korean Medicine written by Zhang-Zhong-Jing(張仲景). In that text, there are so many cases of people having some symptoms, how to treat them, and which herb medicine to give them, and the side effects of wrong treatments. In those cases, there is symptom said 'Ji-Qi-Shang-Chong(其氣上衝)' in the 15th text. But there is no detailed description about that. So this study is aimed at studying exactly meaning of the 15th text's 'Ji-Qi-Shang-Chong(其氣上衝)' by comparing historical medical practitioners and analyzing with the bibliography, pathology, herb pharmacology, herbal medicine, pharmacology part. In the bibliographical analysis, this sentence has been transmitted from original Shan-han-lun written by Zhang-Zhong-Jing(張仲景). Former part of this sentence "太陽病, 下之後, 其氣上衝者, 可與桂枝湯". is most correspondent part with Zhong-Jing(仲景)'s. And there is correctional possibility about latter part.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2014

Use of an apical plug in management of cases with open apices has gained popularity in recent years. Biodentine, a new calcium silicate-based material has recently been introduced as a dentine substitute, whenever original dentine is damaged. This case report describes single visit apexification in a maxillary central incisor with necrotic pulp and open apex using Biodentine as an apical barrier, and a synthetic collagen material as an internal matrix. Following canal cleaning and shaping, calcium hydroxide was placed as an intracanal medicament for 1 mon. This was followed by placement of small piece of absorbable collagen membrane beyond the root apex to serve as matrix. An apical plug of Biodentine of 5 mm thickness was placed against the matrix using pre-fitted hand pluggers. The remainder of canal was back-filled with thermoplasticized gutta-percha and access cavity was restored with composite resin followed by all-ceramic crown. One year follow-up revealed restored aesthetics and function, absence of clinical signs and symptoms, resolution of periapical rarefaction, and a thin layer of calcific tissue formed apical to the Biodentine barrier. The positive clinical outcome in this case is encouraging for the use of Biodentine as an apical plug in single visit apexification procedures.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 1999

Each life has its own properties that distinguish one another. With this property, Oriental medicine suggests original diagnosis and treament. Our process of aging shows typical outline of cycle, i. e. from one's birth to death. Understanding the life cycle of men gives us very good hint to predict one's state of health, possible diseases, characteristics of disease in each term of his/her life cycle. It's because body and mode of diseases change according to age. Aging starts when $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精)-the essence one receive from parents-dries up or when Deficient Fire(虛火) soars. Parts that compose our body-bones, muscles, flesh, etc.-gradually weaken and worn out as they no longer get support from Yang-Ki(陽氣), In "Yellow Emperor's Classic", aging starts around one's forties when $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精) is reduced to less than half. However, what is usually accepted is that women start aging from 49 and men 64, regarding significant geriatric disease. As it is mentioned, aging starts with exhaustion of $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精) which results in soaring Deficient Fire. Main symptoms are weak mental state due to Sin(神) disorder, and weak physical state due to Spleen and Stomacn(脾胃) disorder. Main principle in treating and preventing diseases related to aging is preserving $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精), as well as fortifying Ki and Blood(氣血). To do this, Lung(肺)-which collects $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精), and Kidney(腎) stores-which stores $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精).