• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2012

Objectives : The early onset of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder has been associated with poor outcomes in many studies. However, aspects of the clinical course of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents are controversial. The goal of this article is to review the clinical characteristics and longitudinal course of children and adolescents with bipolar disorders. Methods : Searches were conducted in MedLine, PsycINFO, KISS, and RISS using the terms phenomenology, clinical course, outcome, BPD, pediatric, children and adolescents. Twenty-one reports were selected : either original articles reporting symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects (ages 5-18 years), or published articles in reviewed journals about bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Results : Approximately 70% of subjects with bipolar disorder recovered from their index episode, and 50% had at least 1 syndromal recurrence, particularly depressive episodes. For 60% of the follow-up time, subjects had syndromal or subsyndromal symptoms with numerous changes in symptoms and shifts of polarity. Approximately 20% of BP-II subjects converted BP-I. Conclusion : Bipolar disorders in children and adolescents are characterized by episodic illness with subsyndromal and syndromal episodes with mainly depressive and mixed symptoms and rapid mood changes. Extensive follow-up time is needed to evaluate the continuity of bipolar disorder symptoms from childhood to adulthood.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.207-228
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• 2009

Objective : To find the main symptoms associated with atopic dermatitis and to get the utmost out of information about cause, treatment are contribute in the treatment of atopic dermatitis rather than looking for ways through how to connect modern atopic dermatitis and a listed symptom of classic literature. Method : In this research, we recorded about the main symptoms of atopic dermatitis such as itch, erythema, edema, pus and furuncle. Also we interpreted original text by extracting a sentence containing the terms like red[赤], pus[膿], flare[發赤], dermatosis[溞], swelling[洋], light red[紅], itch[瀁], worm running[蟲行], juice[汁], rash[癮疹], variegation[疹斑] and summarized cause of symptoms, disease sign, prescription. Results : There are the cause of many symptoms accompanied by atopic dermatitis in the body that recorded unpreparedness[虛], Wind[風], Fever[熱], unpreparedness & interruption of vitality hole[氣穴不通], unpreparedness & Wind, Wind Fever[風熱], Wind Coldness[風寒], Wind Humidity[風濕], Humidity Fever[濕熱], Wind Humidity Fever, Wind of Lungs[肺風], Wind of Lungs and Spleen[脾肺風], the Kidney Wind poison[腎臟風毒], Wind of Lungs Fever, Worm[蟲], miscellaneous vitality[雜氣], unpreparedness and Fever of Heart[心虛熱], old sore of kidney poison[久瘡腎臟風毒].

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.224-252
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate tinnitus of Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ and Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$. Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ containing the tinnitus and analysis of Yang, Ma, Zhang, Wang etc. We drew a parallel between tinnitus from Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$Tong Pyeong Heo Sil Ron <通評虛實論> was similar to the symptoms of diabetes mellitus complication and schizophreniform disorder in western medicine. 2. Liver fire tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ Yuk Won Jeong Gi Dae Ron <六元正紀大論> was similar to the symptoms of psychological distress in western medicine. 3. Phlegm fire tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ Ji Jin Yo Dae Ron <至眞要大論> was similar to the symptoms of meniere's disease and malfunction of autonomic nervous system in western medicine. 4. Blood deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Sa Gi Jang Bu Byeong Hyeong <邪氣藏府病形> was similar to the symptoms of anemia in western medicine. 5. Tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gyeong Geun <經筋> was similar to the myofacial pain syndrome of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the masseter muscle in western medicine. 6. Gallbladder deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gwol Hyeong <厥病> was similar to the symptoms of otitis media and labyrinthitis in western medicine. 7. Kidney deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gyeol Gi <決氣> and Hai Ron <海論> was similar to the symptoms of degenerative auditory organ in western medicine. 8. Tinnitus in Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ showed close relations with the symptoms of the wind character. Conclusion : We analyzed the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ and explanations about tinnitus. Further studies are needed to compare oriental medicine and western medicine diagnoses to develop better treatments for tinnitus.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.107-109
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• 2001

Anthracnose symptoms severely occurred up to 50% on leaves of English ivy growing in greenhouses in Cheongwon area of Korea during disease survey in April, 2000. The symptoms developed as concentric spots with dot-like acervuli on leaves of the plant. A total of 24 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the spotted lesions and identified as Colletotrichum trichellum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. Leaf spots similar to the original anthracnose symptoms were induced on the host leaves by artificial inoculation with the isolates of the fungus. This is the first record of C. trichellum causing anthracnose of English ivy in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-59
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• 2002

Anthracnose symptoms severely occurred up to 100% on leaves of May lily grown in four locations in Korea during a disease survey in 2001. The symptoms appeared as circular to irregular spots with brown to dark brown discoloration on leaves of the plant, and severely infected leaves blighted. A total of 35 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. was obtained from the spotted lesions and identified as Colletotrichum liliacearum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. Leaf spots similar to the original anthracnose symptoms were induced on the host leaves by artificial inoculation with the isolates of the fungus. This is the first report that C. liliacearum causes anthracnose of May lily.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2021

Objective The case report showed that sudden hearing loss and tinnitus after trigeminal schwannoma surgery were improved with Yeoldahansotang-gamibang. Method The patient was diagnosed with Taeeumin interior heat (Ganyeol) disease based on the original symptoms of Taeeumin. He was treated with herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment. Puretone audiometry (PTA), speech audiometry, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and the original symptoms were investigated before and after the treatment. Results Right side PTA score was significantly reduced, speech audiometry was improved in speech reception threshold (SRT), word recognition score (WRS) and most comfortable level (MCL) and THI score decreased from 40 to 0, which showed normalizing hearing function. And the patient revealed improvements in sleeping, digestion, stooling, perspiration and facial sensation after treatment. Conclusion This study suggests that Yeoldahansotang-gamibang is effective on sudden hearing loss and tinnitus after surgery by correcting the imbalanced energy of Taeeumin.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 1999

This paper was written in order to understand each constitutional symptoms and diseases with two aspects. The first was to trace the courses to accomplish constitutional symptoms and diseases from that of oriented medicine through "Dongyi Bogam" and the original writing such as "Shanghanlun". The second was to analyze the constitutional diseases with Lee Je-ma's own recognition on human being and the society which was based on the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". The original concepts of 'The Interior Disease' and 'The Exterior Disease' were based on the Nature and the Emotion, the Environmental Frames and the Human Affairs, the Ears Eyes Nose Mouth and the Lung Spleen Liver Kidney. The exterior disease were caused by the abilities of ears to listen, eyes to see, nose to smell, and mouth to taste on the environmental frames which were related one's recognition to society. The interior diseases were caused by the abilities of lung to study, spleen to ask, liver to think, kidney to judge on human affairs which were related the relationship between me and others. So the titles of constitutional diseases were named by these views on his first writing of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" in 1894. So the titles of Taeyangin diseases, 'The lumbar Vertebae Disease Induced by Exopathogen' and 'The Small Intestine Disease Induced by Endopathogen' were still remained as the first writing. But the titles of constitutional diseases were rewritten such as present titles in 1900. In order to express pathology and mechanism of constitutional diseases exactly, he rewrote titles which contained the manifestation sites of diseases, and the symptoms of febrile and cold, and the different congenital formations of organs. The exterior diseases and interior diseases had three characteristics. The first was that the exterior disease injured by the nature which had a tendency to progress slowly and the interior disease injured by the emotion which had a tendency to progress rapidly. The second was not that the interior disease and the exterior disease were separated, but that one influenced the other and these were revealed as a disease together when the diseases continued for a long time. The third was that even though the disease caught together it was included the beginning disease. The symptoms in ordinary times was the origin and clue to recognize the constitutional symptoms and diseases. It enabled to establish the constitutional medicine which treated by different ways according to constitution. It had two characteristics which were different from the Traditional Chinese Medicine in appearance of diseases. The first was that the disease was progressed to the next step from the symptoms in ordinary times. The second was that each constitution had different symptoms which were due to symptoms in ordinary times under the same disease, The third was the manifestation of disease were different from symptoms in ordinary times in the same constitution. But the most important thing was that Lee Je-ma recognized these symptoms in ordinary times as four categories and he presented constitutional symptoms and constitutional disease. The four categories were the method to recognize the human being and the diseases for him As the symptoms and diseases of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the constitutional diseases of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" could be classified into two groups. The first group was the unique diseases and symptoms, which were not in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by the Lee Je-ma. These contained the diseases of taeyangin, the exterior disease of taeumin, the exterior disease of soyangin. The second group used the unique methods to treat disease, which were not in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by Lee Je-ma. This contained the interior disease of taeumin, the delirium diseases from the MangYin of soyangin, the treatment to help the Yang-Qi ascend and to supplement the ql In the exterior disease of soeumin. Especially, the diseases of taeyangin and taeumin which were caused by the metabolism disorders of Qi-Yack(氣液) were the great achievement to establish constitutional symptoms and diseases. The discourse of taeyangin diseases presented his original thought to recognize the symptoms and diseases through the Shin Gi Hyul Jeong(神氣血精) and the Qi-Yack, the discourse of taeumin diseases presented the disperse of Qi-Yack through the forward and backward of sweat, the discourse of soyangin disease presented the sweat of hand and feet which was manifested that yin-qi of spleen descended to yin qi of kidney, and the bowel movement which was manifested that yang qi of large intestine ascend to head, face and four extremities, the discourse of soeumin disease presented the Jueyin syndrome without the abdominal pain and diarrhea as the exterior disease and made importance to the nervous mind And the classification of exterior diseases and interior diseases were not due to the pharmacology but due to the symptoms and diseases according to the constitution.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.41-59
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• 2010

Objective: Headache is one of the most common symptoms in primary medical care. The purpose of this study was to support medical treatment by consideration of a new CTTH (chronic tension-type headache) oriental medical diagnosis index. Methods: An Oriental medical diagnosis questionnaire was administered to a CTTH group, migraine group and normal group. The result was classified by using LDA, CART, factor diagnosis and tested in comparison with the original diagnosis. Also, weighting method based on expert opinions was done. Results: 1. The result analyzed by using LDA has an accuracy of 93.9% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 2. High accuracy showed when the test was performed with about 35 significant questions and four questions selected based on SPSS Wilks' lambda. 3. There was accuracy of 90.9% when differentiation was performed by using CART compared with original diagnosis. 4. 10 factors has a high initial value after factor analysis, consisting of questions to the similar differentiation. 5. Diagnosis formula of headache was made by using weighting method based on expert opinions. Conclusion: Oriental medical diagnosis questionnaires make it possible to classify headaches significantly. The study about weighting method of CTTH can make it possible to classify symptoms more accurately.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.33-52
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with hyperhidrosis who visited a Korean medicine hospital, and provide information on treated hyperhidrosis, based on Sasang Constitutional medicine. Methods A retrospective review was made of the electronic medical record (EMR) charts for 157 Korean patients with hyperhidrosis (90 male, 67 female), who first visited hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. The following information was collected: sex, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and clinical data (diagnosis, area of onset, duration of illness, aggravating factors, medication, healing process, et al). Results There were many patients with hyperhidrosis, in the other of So-Yang type (57.3%), Tae-Eum type (35.0%) and So-Eum type (7.6%). The proportion of male was higher than female. The most common area of hyperhidrosis was hands and feet (44.0%), followed by generalized whole body (27.4%) and head and face (25.5%). The cure rate of hyperhidrosis was 32.2%, and effectiveness rate of that was 72.7%. In individual patients, the better the usual health condition expressed by original symptoms, the higher the possibility of treatment success, with shortened duration of treatment and reduced total drug dose. The most frequent treatment modality in patients was that consistently improved, and this duration of treatment was statistically significantly shorter than that experienced worsening of excessive sweating during treatment period (p<0.001). Conclusions This study provides some original information on the Korean patients with hyperhidrosis, and suggests the suitability of Sasang Constitutional medicine as treatment methods for hyperhidrosis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2007

We report here on a case of right side spasmodic torticollis (ST) that was refractory to botulinum toxin type A injection and medication. The patient finally underwent a selective ramisectomy with ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) resection, but the remaining symptoms slowly aggravated, and a contralateral left side SCM spasm began. As conservative therapy for reducing the spasmodic symptoms, accessory nerve block, upper cervical plexus block and stellate ganglion block were performed twice in a week. After 6 months, the spasmodic symptoms significantly decreased. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) decreased by more than 70%. After one year of serial intermittent local anesthetic blockade therapy, the patient became almost free from the original ST symptoms (TWSTRS = 1). Serial local anesthetic interventions for the ST patient may have a beneficial role on the pathological peripherocentral neural activity of the ST patient and can modulate motor-sensory integration in the patient.