• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the recent Korean medicine treatment and study trends of tic disorder by reviewing clinical studies. Methods The clinical studies of Korean medicine treatment for tic disorder were obtained from National Discovery for Science Leader (NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP) and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). Results 15 articles were analyzed to find out the most commonly used herbal medicine, acupoints, other Korean medicine treatments and evaluation methods. Conclusions This study shows some common Korean medicine treatment methods for tic disorder which can be used for further research.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2017

Objectives: Gan Mai Da Zao (GMDZ) decoction is widely used for the treatment of various diseases of the internal organ and of the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of GMDZ decoction on neuropsychiatric disorders in an animal model. Methods: We searched seven databases for randomized animal studies published until April 2015: Pubmed, four Korean databases (DBpia, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Studies Information Service System, and Research Information Sharing Service), and one Chinese database (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The randomized animal studies were included if the effects of GMDZ decoction were tested on neuropsychiatric disorders. All articles were read in full and extracted predefined criteria by two independent reviewers. Results: From a total of 258 hits, six randomized controlled animal studies were included. Five studies used a Sprague Dawley rat model for acute psychological stress, post-traumatic stress disorders, and unpredictable mild stress depression whereas one study used a Kunming mouse model for prenatal depression. The results of the studies showed that GMDZ decoction improved the related outcomes. Conclusion: Regardless of the dose and concentration used, GMDZ decoction significantly improved neuropsychiatric disease-related outcomes in animal models. However, additional systematic and extensive studies should be conducted to establish a strong conclusion.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 2015

Objectives Recently the fuzzy logic is widely used in the decision making, identification, pattern recognition, optimization in various fields. In this study, we propose the fuzzy logic as the objective method of distinguishing hot and cold, the basis of diagnosis in Korean medicine. Methods We developed fuzzy inference system to distinguish whether the subjects had hot or cold. The cold and hot questionnaire of Korean traditional university textbook, the pulse rate and the DITI value of face used in the system. These three kinds of information were defined as 'fuzzy sets,' and 54 fuzzy rules were established on the basis of clinical practitioners' knowledge. The fuzzy inference was performed by using the Mamdani's method. To evaluate the usefulness of the fuzzy inference system, 200 cases of data measured in the Woosuk university hospital of oriental medicine were used to compare the determining hot, normal, cold results obtained from the experts and from the proposed system. Results As a result, 100 cases of "cold", 54 cases of "normal", and 34 cases of "hot" were matched between the experts and the proposed system. This fuzzy system showed the conformity degree of 94%(${\kappa}=0.853$). Conclusions In this study, we could express the process of distinguishing hot-cold using the fuzzy logic for objectification and quantification of hot-cold identification. This is the first study that introduce a fuzzy logic for distinguish pattern identification. The degree of the heat characteristic of the patients inferred by this system could provide a more objective basis for diagnosing the hot-cold of patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1226-1233
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• 2009

Common cold occurs frequently and occupies an important position in medical treatment however obvious treatment is not suggested. There has been no agreement of pattern identification for common cold in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for common cold which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 9 oriental respiratory internal medicine professors of 11 oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts attended 3 consultation meetings and discussed developing the instrument, and we also took professional advices by e-mail. The results were as follows; First, we divided the pattern identification of common cold into nine pattern: Wind-cold type, Wind-heat type, Contain summerheat type, Contain dampness type, Qi deficiency type, Blood deficiency type, Yang deficiency type, Yin deficiency type, Influenza. Second, we got the mean weights to each symptom of nine pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale - ranging from 0 to 4 by the 9 experts. Third, we made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for common cold. It was composed self reporting questionnaire and researcher reporting questionnaire. Though this study is not proved about validity, reliability, the instrument of pattern identification for common cold is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to improve the instrument and make up for this study through various research and discussion.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.827-831
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a pattern identification system (PIS) for general users to check up their body condition. We collected previous 3 PI questionnaires, with internal consistency reliability or validity of the diagnosis by experts, through a field test. For defining weights of pattern indices, we applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method with 11 experts. PIS receive two kinds of symptoms of users : body region based symptoms and core symptoms for PIS. PIS suggest possible patterns and health information on the basis of selected symptoms with analysis by AHP. This study showed PIS could be easily used for general user who wants to access Korean Medicine compared to conventional PI system. Furthermore, it could be utilized with mobile environment or as remote medicine care.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

A tongue shows physiological and clinicopathological changes of inner organs. Visual inspection of a tongue is not only convenient but also non-invasive. To develop an automat ic tongue diagnosis system for an objective and standardized diagnosis, the separation of the tongue are a from a facial image and the detection of coatings, spots and cracks are inevitable but difficult since the colors of a tongue, lips, and skin in a mouth as well as those of tongue furs and body are similar. The propose d method includes preprocessing with down-sampling and edge enhancement, over-segmentation, detecting positions with a local minimum over shading from the structure of a tongue, and correcting local minima or detecting edge with color difference. The proposed method produces the region of a segmented tongue, and then decomposes the color components of the region into hue, saturation and brightness, resulting in classifying the regions of tongue furs(coatings) into kinds of coatings and substance and segmenting them. Spots are detected by using local maxima and the variation of saturation, and cracks are searched by using local minima and the directivity of dark areas in brightness. The results illustrate the segmented region with effective information, excluding a non-tongue region and also give us accurate discrimination of coatings and the precise detection of spots and cracks. It can be used to make an objective and standardized diagnosis for an u-Healthcare system as well as a home care system.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.587-593
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• 2013

Exhaustion syndrome(虛勞) became broadly experienced symptoms in Korean population. In this work, we carried out a systematic literature review on exhaustion syndrome(ES) and chronic fatigue. We searched through the databases Koreanstudies Information Service System, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, DataBase Periodical Information Academic for the articles published between 1994 and 2013, with the keywords 'exhaustion syndrome(虛勞)', 'consumption(虛損)', 'overexertion syndrome(勞倦)', 'fatigue', 'chronic fatigue' and 'degree of fatigue'. Among the first-run rough-searched 602 articles, we narrowed down the scope within the field of Oriental medicine (126 articles), and finally selected 28 articles appropriate to the intended research field; the selected articles were categorized by literature study(7 papers), clinical treatment (7), clinical diagnosis (5), treatment effects of herbal medicine (2), diagnosis in Sasang medicine and treatment effect of dry cupping therapy (2), and questionnaire-based diagnosis (5). We found that the overall research level on ES remained in the preliminary stages, and more efforts are needed in the field of terminology definition and standardization of diagnosis, and treatment efficacy validation beyond muscle fatigue. Finally, to develop reliable diagnostic devices on ES, we proposed a study design that included the development of objective ES diagnostic indicators and a clinical validation procedure.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to review randomized controlled trials of acupuncture performed in South Korea that used sham acupuncture as a control group. Methods : The following databases were searched through the end of September 2011: Koreanstudies information service system (KISS), Korean medical database (KMbase), national discovery OR science leaders (NDSL), oriental medicine advance searching integrated system (OASIS), and research information service system (RISS). The following search terms were used: acupuncture AND (sham or placebo). The reference lists of searched articles and Korea institute of oriental medicine (KIOM) reports(2005~2009) were identified. The following data were extracted: year/first author, disease, number of participants, blinding, intervention, outcome, and result. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis. The methodological quality was assessed according to the Jadad scale and 'risk of bias' by Cochrane Handbook procedure. Results : Twenty-nine studies were included in this review. In eighteen studies, penetrating sham controls were used as the control intervention, whereas the remaining eleven studies adopted non-penetrating sham controls such as the Park Sham Device or blunt auricular acupuncture. Nine studies showed statistically significant difference in outcomes. Twelve studies concerning insomnia after stroke, chronic tension-type headache, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, Hwa-Byung, and smoking cessation were included in meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of insomnia after stroke only found significant difference(MD -4.31, 95% Cl -6.19 to -2.42, $p$<0.00001). In general, all of the studies showed low methodological quality(Jadad score: mean 2.1). Risk of bias by Cochrane Handbook procedure varied. Conclusions : The results of this study could not suggest conclusive evidence that acupuncture is more effective than sham acupuncture in several diseases. In the future, more studies with rigorous acupuncture trials using sham controls should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2012

This article set out to develop an old Chinese - modern Korean collated terminology by analyzing and paralleling Chinese-Korean translational terms relevant to Korean medicine at a minimum meaning unit from "Eonhaegugeupbang", "Eonhaetaesanjipyo" and "Eonhaetaesanjipyo". Those are composed of original Chinese texts and their subsequent corresponding Korean translations. It tries to make a list of translational standards of Korean medicine terms by classifying the cases of translational ambiguity in terms of disease, body position, thumbnail-pressing acupuncture method, and disease-curing method. The above-mentioned ancient books are medical classics written by Huh Jun, the representative medical physician, and published by the Joseon government. Thus, they are appropriate enough as historically legitimate medical documents, from which are drawn out words and terms to form an old Chinese - modern Korean collation dictionary. This collation glossary will contribute to the increased relevance of data ming, or information retrieval. in a database system and information search engine of massive Korean medical records, by means of providing a novel way to obtaining synchronized results between the original writings of old Chinese and the secondary translated ones of modern Korean. The glossary will promote the collective but consistent translation of numerous old archives of Korean medicine and in other related fields as well.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2014

Background: Pattern identification is a unique diagnostic method of traditional Oriental medicine that has recently been the target of questionnaire-based research. Sasang (four-types) constitutional medicine (SCM) is a practice in traditional Korean medicine that seeks to promote objectivity in diagnostics. This paper attempts to illuminate the relationship between constitutions and the pathogenic factors of pattern identification through questionnaires completed by menopausal women about their symptoms. Methods: From March to October 2012, we examined 291 women from the general population, with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years, applying the Kupperman index, the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), pattern identification based on the Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM), and SCM. We then analyzed the relationship between constitutional type and pathogenic factors. Results: No significant differences were found in the scores of either the Kupperman index or MENQOL questionnaire in relation to constitutional type. However, in a statistical analysis correlating the DSOM pathogenic factor scores (PFS) with the scores of the Kupperman index and MENQOL vasomotor subscale, heat showed a significant positive correlation with SoYang type (SY) and TaeEum type (TE), but not SoEum type (SE), while insufficiency of yin and insufficiency of yang, as well as blood deficiency, showed a significant positive correlation with the TE and SE types. Conclusion: The pathogenic factors in the menopausal symptoms of middle-aged women, specifically the prominent menopausal symptom of facial flushing, differed significantly according to constitutional type.