• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

Although the relationship between fermentation and factors such as soil water, redox potential, rootstocks and climatic conditions has been reported, its mechanism of fermentation is still not clear. Transpirations of leaf and fruit at different climatic conditions, influence of soil water potential and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on fermentation were evaluated. Transpiration rate decreased with decreasing soil temperature and soil water potential. Low VPD conditions which occurred during low air temperature and high humidity also decreased transipration rate. These data exhibit that fruit water balance affected by various factors relate to transpiration. Our results also indicate that high hydraulic conductance of root, high soil water potential and low VPD condition exert a significant effect on fermention of oriental melon and so called "water filled fruit".

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.311-323
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• 1998

This study was conducted to analyze the temperature characteristics under tunnel type greenhouse to cultivate watermelon in Sungju region. Air temperature of tunnel type greenhouse was descending rapidly after sunset, and the time required the air temperature inside greenhouse nearly reached the outside air temperature was about 2.5 hours. The maximum air temperature in tunnel type greenhouse, in case of high air temperature day, was exceeding 4$0^{\circ}C$ during day time. Air temperature inside greenhouse during night time could sustain about 2~3$^{\circ}C$ higher than the outside air temperature. But it was necessary to supply supplemental heat when the air temperature was below optimum growth temperature. Soil temperature in the depth of 20cm under soil surface could maintain higher than 2$0^{\circ}C$ and the variation range in a day was 3~5$^{\circ}C$, and the soil temperature descending due to irrigation was about 5~6$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

In order to investigate the optimum irrigation point by soil water tension in oriental melon grown in plastic greenhouse during low temperature season, irrigation points from 10 days before fruiting to 10 days before harvesting were examined with 10, 20, 30 and 50 kPa, respectively. Total amount of water applied was 92.5mm at 10kPa but not irrigated at 50kPa due to the unreach of irrigation point. Fruit weight increased with increased soil water content; it was 456g at 10kPa but 324g at 50kPa. While marketable yield of fruit was lowest at 10 kPa due to increased fermented fruit. Sugar content in fruit was highest at 30 or 50 kPa but lowest at 10kPa. As a result, for higher sugar content and marketable yield, the recommended irrigation point is 30kPa of soil water tension.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.410-423
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• 2017

Pathological interrelations of two soil-borne diseases in cucurbits (watermelon, oriental melon, shintosa and cucumber) caused by Fusarium isolates (FI) and the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita were characterized by the fusarium disease severity index (DI), RKN gall index (GI) and eggmass index (EI) in inoculation tests using FI and RKN. Virulence of FI as determined by DI at 4 weeks after inoculation was mostly in the higher order of Fusarium proliferatum F6, F5 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum with no significant differential interactions among the cucurbits and RKN co-infection. Significant increases of DI due to RKN coinfection were noticed in watermelon and oriental melon infected with F. proliferatum isolates, suggesting the DI increase due to RKN coinfection may depend upon the virulence of FI relative to aggressiveness of RKN on the cucurbits. For the coinfection of FI and RKN, GI and EI were mostly reduced logarithmically with the increase of DI, largely more in EI than GI, in all cucurbits except for shintosa. Microscopic examination of the root tissues showed histopathological features characteristic to infection types; formation of fungal hyphae and/or spores and plant defense structures (tyloses and mucilage) in variable degrees and formation of giant cells at variable developmental stages and with variable cytoplasmic depletion or degeneration which were visualized in relations with the values of DI, GI and EI. These findings will be helpful to develop control strategies of the soil-borne disease complex based on their pathological characteristics.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.215-218
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• 1998

The effects of $CaCl_2$ foliar application on inhibition of the occurrence of abnormally fermented fruit and chemical composition of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Mak. cv. Gumssaragi-eunchun) were examined. $CaCl_2$, applied at 0.3~0.7%, had an apparent inhibitory effect on occurrence of abnormally fermented fruit when sprayed three times at five days intervals from 10 days after flowering. The effect of $CaCl_2$ was diminished when the field was irrigated during the ripening period. Sugar content in the fruits was not affected by the $CaCl_2$ treatment. The Ca content was higher in the normal fruit than in the fermented ones, but no difference was noted in the K and Mg levels. The occurrence of fermented fruit was increased when the applying nitrogen levels were less (10kg) or higher (25kg/10a) than normal supply. The nitrogen application had no effect on the calcium content in fruits.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.965-972
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• 2023

As the world population growth and economy develops, the importance of eco-friendly organic waste resource treatment and up-cycling increases. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) treats organic waste resources that allows it to be recycled as a feed resource. In this study, we analyzed the nutrients composition, amino acid, and fatty acids of BSF larvae fed three agricultural by-products, namely apple pomace, mandarin waste, and oriental melon waste (mainly generated in South Korea). The highest BSF larvae crude protein and amino acid content was obtained in those fed mandarin waste compared with the other two diets (apple pomace and oriental melon waste). BSF larvae fed apple pomace had the highest crude fat, fatty acid, and lauric acid content compared with the other BSF larvae. Furthermore, all crude protein and fat content of BSF larvae fed the three agricultural by-products exceed that of the original agricultural by-products.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.742-746
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• 1999

Contents of mineral element and cytokinin in the xylem sap of 'Keumdongee' and 'Tongilhwang' oriental melons were compared with those in oriental melons grafted onto 8 rootstocks. The effect of grafting on the fruit quality of oriental melon was also investigated. Flesh firmness varied with rootstocks. Soluble solids contents in the placenta tissue of grafted 'Tongilhwang' were higher than that in the 'Keumdongee'. Electric conductivity of the xylem sap in own-rooted plants was higher in 'Keumdongee' than in 'Tongilhwang', but it increased in 'Tongilhwang' once they were grafted. The sap volume per plant was greater in 'Keumdongee' than in 'Tongilhwang'. The mineral concentrations varied considerably depending on the rootstock used. Xylem sap of grafted oriental melons contained a higher amount of mineral ions, especially $NO_3{^-}$ and $PO_4{^-}$, than did the sap in own-rooted plants. The increase in the mineral levels in sap due to grafting was most apparent in 'Tongilhwang'. Xylem sap from both 'Keumdongee' and 'Tongilhwang' contained trans-zeatin (t-Z), trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR), and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR). Small amounts of isopentenyl adenine (IPA) and isopentenyl adenine riboside (IPAR) were also detected. Trans-zeatin riboside was the most abundant, followed by t-Z. Cytokinin concentration in 'Keumdongee' was not significantly influenced by rootstock type used, although the highest concentration of cytokinins in 'Keumdongee' was obtained with 'Chamtozwa' rootstock. However, the cytokinin concentration in 'Tongilhwang' increased with grafting irrespective of rootstock type used.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root zone warming on rhizosphere temperature of Oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Makuwa) in winter season. Root zone was warmed by hot water flowing through pipe set at 35cm depth from the ridge. Treatments of minimum soil temperature at 20cm depth were 17, 21, $25^{\circ}C$, and non-warmed from Jan. 18 to Apr. 18. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The cumulative soil temperature for 1 month after planting oriental melon was 441, 558, 648, and 735$^{\circ}C$ at control, 17, 21, and $25^{\circ}C$ plot, respectively. 2. As soil temperature was higher, air temperature in tunnel was higher. The lowest temperature in control plot at night was 9.5$^{\circ}C$, 11.$0^{\circ}C$ in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 13.5$^{\circ}C$ in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 16.5$^{\circ}C$ in $25^{\circ}C$ plot, respectively. 3. The xylem exudate amount of control plot for 24 hours just after basal stem abscission was 8.1$m\ell$. It was 1.2 times higher in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 1.3 times higher in 21 $^{\circ}C$ plot, and 4.8 times higher in $25^{\circ}C$ plot than in control plot at 30 days after planting. The xylem exudate amount at 67 days after planting of control plot was 10.4$m\ell$, those of 17, 21, $25^{\circ}C$ plots were 1.1, 3.2, and 3.3 times as compared to control plot. 4, Early growth in leaf length, stem diameter, leaf number and leaf area for 30 days after planting were better in higher temperature plots than in control plot. Particularly, the increase of leaf area was striking in higher temperature plots. Leaf area of control plot was 279.5$\textrm{cm}^2$ for 30 days after planting, 153.4% in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 745.6% in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot and 879.4% in $25^{\circ}C$ plot were increased as compared to in control plot.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fertigation (fertilizer-added irrigation) on soil EC (electrical conductivity), nitrogen and calcium content in soil, vine growth and fruit yield of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Mak.). Soil EC was increased with the frequency of fertigation (Yamazaki's solution for melon, 900 L/1,000 plants, each time) up to $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ as compared to that of conventional irrigation ($0.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$). Ca content in soil also increased in fertigation fields. Vine dry weigh (20 days after planting) was significantly increased in fertigation plot. Markedly increases in marketable fruit yield and lower rate of off-shape fruit were recorded with the increase in fertigation frequency. Mean fruit weight and soluble solids contents ($^0Brix$) in fruit were not affected by fertigation. Fresh weight loss during storage was significantly higher in fruits harvested from 2 times fertigation (09:00 and 18:00) plot than conventional irrigation and the 1 time fertigation ones.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of temperature variation by the different ventilation methods on the growth and quality of oriental melon in greenhouse of tunnel type 1. The dropping effect in temperature by ventilation types was best at type 3 and those of type 2, type 1 were in order. 2. The temperature distribution in type 3 was uniformed as air- inflow and air- outflow by wind ventilation were easier than others. Whereas the temperature of type 1 having lateral ventilation hole and type 2 having the zenith ventilation tube and lateral ventilation hole was ascended, because small ventilation area of ventilation tube and hole could not make the gravity and wind ventilation successfully. 3. When compared with air amount of three types ventilated by the temperature difference of outside and inside of tunnel type house, that of type 3 was more than those of type 1 and type 2. 4. Type 3 was better than type 2 and type 1 in lear numbers, leaf area, fruit weight, flesh thickness, malformed fruit rate, and marketable fruit rate. 5. Marketable fruit rate of all treatment at each harvesting stages was rised, as goes to the latter periods.