• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2013

Organophosphorus compounds are irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme. Exposure causes a progression of toxic signs, including hypersecretion, tremor, convulsion, respiratory distress, epileptiform seizure, brain injuries and death. To protect brain injuries, administration of diazepam as a neuroprotectant is now considered essential for severely exposed nerve agent casualties. However, studies have shown diazepam to provide less than total protection against the neuropathological consequences of nerve agent exposure. In this context, extensive studies have been carried out to find out effective alternative drugs to protect brain from epileptiform seizures induced by organophosphate compounds intoxication. It has been reported that a combination of carbamate and anticholinergic or antiglutamatergic can be a very effective medical countermeasure in dealing with the threat of organophosphorous poisoning. In this study, experimental animals including rats and guinea pigs were implanted with microelectrodes on their brain sculls, and treated with various centrally acting drugs such as physostigmine and procyclidine prior to soman challenge, and then its electroencephalography(ECoG) was monitored to see anticonvulsant effects of the drugs. It was found that seizure activities in ECoG were not always in proportion to clinical signs induced by soman intoxication, and that combinative pretreatment with physostigmine plus procyclidine effectively stopped the seizures induced by organophosphorous poisoning.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2002

Methidathion is one of the organophosphorus pesticides commonly used for stamping out harmful pests in farming areas. This paper presents a fatality due to methidathion intoxication and describes the distribution of methidathion in postmortem blood and tissues obtained at autopsy. Qualitative identification of methidathion was achieved by TLC, GC and GC/MS, and quantitative analysis was performed by GC with thermionic specific detector (TSD). The analytes in postmortem specimens were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with ethylether. After the ethylether layer was evaporated, the residue was partitioned into hexane and acetonitrile, and the acetonitrile layer was used for analysis. Tissue specimens were homogenized with 4% perchloric acid and applied for LLE. After extraction, the extracts were reconstituted 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ pyraclofos (IS, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in methanol) for GC and GC/MS analysis. On analysis of postmortem specimens, methidathion was identified and quantitated. The methidathion concentrations were 2.0 $\mu$l/ml in blood, 24.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in liver, 13.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in lung, 21.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in kidney, respectively.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2005

Glyphosate containing herbicides are an alternative to paraquat and have been widely used with increasing frequency in suicide attempts throughout Asia. It is an organophosphorus compound that is not a cholinesterase inhibitor. Daejangun powder consists of glyphosate ammonium, surfactant and another herbicide, oxyfluorfen. A 60-year-old man ingested about 300 g of Daejangun powder with 500 ml of water in a suicide attempt. He was brought to emergency room 6 hours after the ingestion and showed severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.75), marked leukocytosis (WBC 35,800/$mm^3$), hypoglycemia (glucose 13 mg/dL) and increased liver enzymes (AST/ALT 1,683/418 IU/L). Later he developed aspiration pneumonia, acute renal failure and hyperchloremic acidosis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy which performed 5 days after the ingestion revealed corrosive injuries (grade 1) in both esophagus and stomach. However, intensive treatment with supportive measures improved the abnormal findings almost completely 4 weeks after the ingestion.