• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.524-526
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• 1998

A sensitive and specific method is described for the determination of midazolam in human plasma. The drug was extracted from 1 mL of carbonate buffered plasma (pH 9.6) with 8 mL of diethyl ether. Famprofazone was used as internal standard. The organic phase was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol for the direct analysis by gas chromatograph-nitrogen phosphorus detector system. In the concentration range of 1-5000 ng/mL, the calibration curve was linear. The coefficients of variation from the precision test were <6% at the range of the concentration of 0.10-2.00 μg/mL and the detection limit for midazolam in 1 mL of plasma was o.5 ng. This assay is more sensitive, selective, simple and rapid than earlier methods. Plasma midazolam concentrations were determined by this method after administration of midazolam.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2009

The effects of the processing mixture of pig manure and various organic wastes on the growth, cast production of earthworm, and conversion of organic matter to earthworm tissues by vermicomposting. The substances used in this experiments were sawdust, rice hull, coffee waste, brewery waste, litters, turfgrass cutting residues, rice bran, vegetable wastes and rice straw and were mixed with pig manure at a ratios of 50:50 (v/v), and pig manure 100% (control), respectively. The highest values of growth parameters, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues were obtained at the mixtures of pig manure with coffee waste, it may due to the favourable diet conditions to process with pig manure by vermicomposting. But, all of the earthworm died in the pig manure 100% (control) and pig manure with vegetable wastes treatments by vermicomposting was impossible in this experiment. The vermicast contained a higher values of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity than their parent materials with increased availability of nutrients and improved physicochemical properties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.783-790
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to suggest the alternative measures to properly manage the water quality of Lake Euiam, Chuncheon. Current pollution level of Gongji stream (influent to Lake Euiam) and sources of contamination in Lake Euiam were investigated. Particle size, organic matter and nutrient contents, heavy metals were analyzed for sediment samples taken from lower region of Gongji stream. Average organic matter content of nine sediment samples was 5.7%, and for nitrogen and phosphorus it was 750 mg/kg and 977mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals including aluminum, iron, manganese and zinc were measured, whereas Cd and As were not detected. Effluent from Chuncheon Wastewater Treatment Plant appeared to be one of the main cause of organic matter and nutrients level in Lake Euiam. Inhibition of primary production and consequent reduction of organic matter content within the Lake should be a key measure to protect the water quality of Lake Euiam. Preventive measures to reduce the level of nutrients in wastewater treatment effluent were found necessary.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-153
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• 2000

The egg's interior quality is one of the most important criteria for commercial producers and consumers. Internal quality is complex, including aesthetic factors such as taste, freshness, nutritional and processing values, and the genetic influences upon these upon these factors ranges from none to considerable. The rate of cholesterol synthesis in the hen is very high compared to other animals and humans. Genetic selection, diet drugs and other chemicals can alter cholesterol concentration in the plasma of laying hen, but attempts to manipulate the cholesterol concentration in the egg yolk are generally unsuccessful since the cholesterol can only be changed to a small extent. Factors which may affect the degree of pigmentation of the yolk include the type of xanthophyll and its concentration in the feed, the feed composition, and the health of the hen. Several feed ingredients interact with carotenoid pigment to improve or reduce their deposition rates in yolks. Egg weight is determined by genetics, body size prior to first egg housing density, environmental temperature, lighting program, total feed consumption, calcium, phosphorus, niacin, water, methionine, total sulfur amino acids, energy, linoleic acid, fat and protein levels. Eggs need to be promote levels. Eggs need to be promoted a versatile commodity and new processed egg items need to be developed. Organic eggs are laid by hens which were raised in chemical and drug frdd environments. There are still difficulties in producing these eggs due to the availability of organic poultry feeds and cost of organic grains.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical properties and heavy metal concentration of soils in conventional and organic paddy. We sampled and analyzed topsoil (0~15 cm) and subsoil (15~30 cm) of conventional and organic paddy fields in Yongin and Anseong, South Korea. The statistical significance between groups was determined by Duncan's multiple range test and correlation between soil properties was also analyzed. The results show that organic matter (OM) and T-N of conventional paddy soil were higher than those of organic paddy soil. However, higher T-P concentration was observed in organic paddy soil than conventional paddy soil. As, Pb, and Zn concentration in organic paddy soil were statistically lower than those in conventional paddy soil. The couple of water content (WC) & As, OM & T-N, T-P & $P_2O_5$, T-P & Zn, $P_2O_5$ & Zn, and Cr & Ni had a good positive correlation but the couple of WC & T-P, WC & Zn, T-P & As, and As & Zn had a strong negative correlation. It can be concluded that organic farming is beneficial to soil environment by reducing the amounts of organic matter, T-N, As, Pb, and Zn concentration in paddy soil when compared to conventional farming.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2023

To evaluate the impact of effluents from land-based fish farms on the coastal ocean of Wando, Korea, we analyzed inorganic nutrients, particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the effluent and influent of land-based fish farms during the summer (July) of 2021. The average concentrations of nutrients (Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate; DIN, DIP, and DSi, respectively) in the effluents of this study area were 17±3.7 μM, 1.4±0.7 μM, and 14±1.6 μM, respectively. The average concentrations of POC and DOC were 37±22 μM and 81±13 μM, respectively, with POC accounting for about 30% for total organic carbon in effluents. The Reduced Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen/Total Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ratio (0.7), potential short-period index, indicates that the discharge of nutrients excreted by the fish and unconsumed feed into coastal water results in such nutrients being deposited and accumulated in the sediment. Subsequently, this continuous accumulation triggers the release of ammonium ions during organic matter decomposition, and the ammonium-enriched waters that encroach on fish farms as influent seem to be due to the diffusion of high concentrations of ammonium from bottom sediment. Furthermore, we used fluorescence indices to examine the characteristics of organic matter sources, obtaining mean values of 1.54±0.19, 1.06±0.06, and 1.56±0.06 for the humification index, biological index, and fluorescence index, respectively, in the effluent. These results indicate that the organic matters had an autochthonous origin that resulted from microbial decomposition, and such organic matters were rapidly generated and removed by biological activity, likely supplied from the sediment. Our results suggest that the effluent from land-based fish farms could be a potential source of deoxygenation occurrence in coastal areas.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2002

Much of the plastic film house soils in the southern part of the Korean peninsula are managed using a upland-paddy rotation culture system (hereafter, RS) to prevent salt accumulation in soil. However, information on the effects of RS on soil properties and environmental conservation is limited. In order to determine the effects of RS on soil properties, 22 fields under RS and 20 fields under a non-rotation system (hereafter, NRS) in plastic film houses were selected in Chinju, in southern Korea, and the P distribution characteristics were investigated, including the chemical properties. The RS contributed to the removal of water-soluble salts in the surface layer and to the redistribution of organic matter evenly in the soil profile. In the AP horizon, available phosphorus levels were $1,611mg\;kg^{-1}$ in RS and $1,789mg\;kg^{-1}$ in NRS, which markedly exceeds the optimum range for plant cultivation. Total P was lower in RS (average $4,593mg\;kg^{-1}$) than in NRS (average $5,440mg\;kg^{-1}$) and this decrease was taken to be an effect of RS. Inorganic P was the predominant form of P in both systems, followed by organic P and residual P. A soil profile showed that total and inorganic P concentrations decreased with depth in both systems. However, organic P increased withdepth in RS, which was in contrast to that noted in NRS. The increase in organic P with depth in RS implied that organically rather than inorganically derived phosphate moved through the soil. The concentrations of water-soluble P, Ca-P and Al-P were higher in NRS than in RS soil profiles, but the Fe-P concentration was higher in RS than in NRS, which might be affected by the anaerobic conditions found in paddy soils. In both systems, the Al-P form of extractable P predominated in the surface layer, followed by Ca-P, Fe-P and water-soluble P. With increasing depth, the composition rate of Ca-P to extractable P decreased to less than 10% in the 60-70cm depth, as Fe-P dominated at this level. The content of water-soluble P, potentially the main source of eutrophication, was higher in NRS than in RS. These results indicated that the RS used in plastic film houses contributed to the removal of water-soluble salts but only slightly decreased the phosphate concentration.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.193-204
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• 2020

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg and the change of soil chemical characteristics. The organic matter contents of coffee sludge and dried food waste powder were 44.26 and 51.18%, respectively. These values exceed the organic matter content of organic fertilizers recommended by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of South Korea by more than 30%. Accordingly, they indicate the possibility of their use as organic fertilizers. The results from the analysis of soil properties after cultivation showed that the organic matter content of coffee sludge amended soils was two-fold higher than that of dried food waste powder amended soils. However, the content of available phosphorus was two times lower in the coffee sludge amendments. It is expected that the dried food waste powder was actively used to decompose organic substances, and that phosphoric acid was added by the soil microorganisms used to decompose organic substances. In terms of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg growth, leaf discoloration was observed for all treatments except with the standard rate of dried food waste powder. The standard rate of dried food waste powder also produced relatively better results than other treatments with regard to other growth characteristics such as root length (34.08 cm), root diameter (0.78 cm), and fresh root weight (4.77 g plant^-1). Therefore, the standard rate of dried food waste powder produced better results than other treatments and can be used as an organic fertilizer in the growth of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2012

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different stocking rate on growth, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to tissues of earthworm. The carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N) of tested Korean cow manure was 25.1, it was estimated an adequate ratio as feed for earthworms. The different stocking rates were 1:8(S-1), 1:16(S-2), 1:32(S-3) 1:64(S-4) 1:128(S-5) and 1:256 (S-6) as the ratios of earthworm fresh weight to biomass of Korean cow manure, respectively. A stocking rate of 1:32(S-3) was obtained a significantly highest values of increasing rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues. The mean values of increasin g rate of fresh weight and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues were 10.63 mg/day and 6.65% at the ratio of 1:32(S-3) with a rearing volume was $56.6cm^3$. A stocking rate of 1:8(S-1) was obtained a highest ratio of vermicasts, but showed a negative values of increasing rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues, it may due to severely food competition between individuals during the rearing periods. The pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations of vermicasts tended to increase with stocking rate. Especially, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations of vermicasts tended to increase with rearing progressed. Vermicasts have the potential for improving plant growth when amended to container medium and soil according to increased availability of nutrients and improved physicochemical properties.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1971

As a result of analyzing the change of material substance of all sorts biochemically and comparing the control with ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation (800${\gamma}$, 40 Min), incubating the silkworm eggs (Bombyx mori L.) as the objective in the process of growth of embyro shortly before hatching, the following conclusion has been found. 1. Ascorbic acid has shown the maximum increase of 319 r/g in the Byong B embyro stage and in other words it has increased during the period of vigorous metabolism of the materials in eggs but it has decreased before hatching after that period. 2. Triglyceride has shown the increase of 27.54 mg/g in the Byong A stage, the early period of incubation and in other words it has increased in the period of activation of cells in eggs but it has gradually decreased during the growth of embyro after that period. Great change of either total cholesterol or free cholesterol has not been shown from the early period till shortly before hatching. 3. Free fatty acid has shown the minimum decrease of 257.4$\mu$ mole/g in the Byong A stage in which triglyceride increases greatly. On the contrary, it has shown the increase of 1, 020.0$\mu$ mole/g in Ki A stage in which triglyceride decreases. As a whole, the fact that free fatty acid increases according to the growth of embyro in eggs has been found. 4. Glucose has shown the increase of 281.2 mg/g in control during tile Pigment stage and it has shown the increase of 179.6 mg/g in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation during the same period. The difference in quantity between the former and the latter is due to the fact that the growth of embyro has been influenced by the radio active. Glucose has changed with free fatty acid and phosphorus the other way round. 5. Control organic phosphorus has shewh the increase of 5.23mg/g during the Byong B or Ki A in which organ and tissue in the emhyro has been formed. Organic phosphorus in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation has shown the increase of 5.73mg/g during Ki B. Inorganic phosphorus has shown only a little change in the control and ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. The phosphorus in both has shown a little quantity in the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation in the early period of incubation. After the Ki A embyro, it has increased rapidly and it has increased till the hatching more continually than in control. The about results of the research will be helpful and instructive to the betterment and improvement, breeding and management of animals and plants.