• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2011

Plant biomass is a huge carbon-complex that has potential as a nutrient. Therefore we extracted and separated useful materials for plant growth from tea leaf and stem. The pre-treatment process including high temperature ($200^{\circ}C$) and pressure (20-40 kgf/$cm^2$) was treated for several minutes and extracted at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30-60 minutes. After that the chemical compositions and ingredients were analyzed from that plant-nutrient. As a result of mineral contents, calcium and magnesium concentrations are higher than other minerals. Also the result of carbohydrates analyses has shown that the sugar oligomer consists of xylose(95.3%) and glucose(4.7%), and the sugar monomer consists in the order of xylose (52.7%) > manose (22.8%) > arabinose (10.8%) > galactose (10.2%) > glucose (3.5%). Before applied to field, in vitro plant growth system and formulation were examined. To evaluate the effect of the nutrients, both strawberry green-house and persimmon fields were used in this test. The treated persimmons were heavier than controls scored at 13-22%. In addition, the storage-period was extended in the treated strawberries. Interestingly in the treated strawberry, the contents of polyphenols were increased (38-57%). These results suggest that the plant-nutrient can afford to help for plant growth and storage, and it can be substituted for other commercial nutrients. In conclusion, this plant-nutrient may help to extend eco-friendly or organic farming in Hadong-gun area.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.167-189
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• 2023

Korea has become the highest nitrogen balance (228 kg/ha) among 34 OECD member countries, and has the stigma of being a 'Nutrient overload country' as of 2019. Accordingly, research on the derivation and utilization of nutrient balance indicators and the 'regional nutrient management system' are being promoted to improve Korea's nutrient balance. It is necessary to support these policies and studies, form a public consensus on improving the nutrient balance, and evaluate the function of the public benefit. This paper aims to estimate the public benefit value of improving the nutrient balance based on an analysis of consumers' willingness to pay and recognition of Korea's nutrient excess for 600 consumers nationwide. As results, 21.2% of the respondents said they were aware of excessive nutrients in Korea, and 76.7% of the respondents said they were aware of the need for nutrient management. The average amount of intention to pay for the improvement of three pollution (soil, water quality, and air) that can occur due to a nutrient overload was ￦2,321.1 for soil pollution improvement, ￦2,391.2 for water pollution improvement, and ￦2,377.9 for air pollution improvement. The average willingness to pay for the three pollution reduction was ￦6,002.3. These results are expected to be used to form a public consensus on the balance of payments and to establish measures to enhance public interest values in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different selenium (Se) products (inorganic, organic A, organic B) added at two supplemental dietary Se levels (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a RCB design, with a non-Se-fortified basal diet serving as the negative control. A total of 56 crossbred pigs (28 male and 28 female pigs) initially weighing an average $28.45{\pm}0.53kg$ BW were allotted to each treatment with four pigs per pen on the basis of sex and weight. Two pigs per pen were selected and bled from the anterior vena cava at 3- weekly intervals to analyze Se concentration. In the growing phase (0-6 weeks), increased ADFI was observed when pigs were fed organic Se compared to those fed the control diet or inorganic Se treatment (p<0.05). Pigs fed inorganic Se had a great ADFI than pigs fed organic Se (p<0.05) in the late finishing phase (7-12 weeks), although there were no differences in whole period ADFI between organic or inorganic Se products. During 12 weeks of the whole experimental period, serum Se concentration increased linearly when dietary Se level increased regardless of Se products (p<0.05). Both dietary Se source (p<0.05) and Se level (p<0.01) influenced the Se concentration of various pig tissues at end of this experiment and Se content was the highest in the kidney. For the determination of nutrient digestibility, a metabolic trial was conducted in 3 replicates in randomized complete block (RCB) design. A total of 21 barrows ($50.21{\pm}0.62kg$ of average BW) were used in the metabolic study. Selenium supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility except for crude protein. Crude protein digestibility increased with dietary supplementation of organic Se (A) compared with other forms of Se products or control diet (p<0.05). Consequently, this experiment indicated that dietary Se products and levels had no effect on growth performance of pigs. Se concentration in tissues and serum was increased in proportion to dietary Se level, especially when organic Se was provided. Although pigs were fed organic forms of Se, bioavailability of organic forms varied among products, consequently bioactivity of organic products to the animals should be evaluated before practical application in animal feed.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2001

This study is carried out to investigate the water quality changes in Busan Metropolitan streams, The results are as follows. The level of organic contaminants($BOD_{5}$ and $COD_{Mn}$) is found to be low and does not show seasonal variation in domestic waste water streams. But, the level of organic contaminants in industrial waste water streams is relatively high and seems to be seasonally variable, which is affected by other factors. The nutrient materials, such as nitrogen(as T-N, about 20mg/L) and phosphorus(as T-P about 2.0mg/L), are abundant than Nak Dong River and the general trends of contaminants level are similar to those of organic contaminants. The chronic water qualities, including organic, nutrient contaminants levels, show that the loading rates in 1998 are smaller than the past(1983, 1992). And this trend is more evident in industrial waste water streams than domestic waste water streams.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2005

This trial was carried out to determine effects of organic feeds in comparison to conventional diet on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats. Twelve Korean native goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats and then they were housed in separate metabolism cages for 21 days. Treatments included conventional diet (A) as a control group and three organic feed groups (B: organic rice straw, C: organic nee leaves, D: organic mixture of rice straw and tree leaves). The A treatment, conventional diet, consisted of common rice straw and commercial concentrates at a proportion of 60 and 40%, respectively. All ingredients of organic feeds treatments were organically produced-agricultural products without any application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide. Four experimental diets were formulated to have the same ratio of forage to concentrate and similar contents for protein and carbohydrate across treatments and they were offered to goats ad libitum. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were investigated. For chemical compositions of experimental diets, all nutrients except crude ash and ether extract were not significantly different across treatments as we expected. Crude ash content was highest in the A treatment (P<0.05), however, it was not significantly different among organic feeds treatments. Ether extract content was higher (P<0.05) in C and D treatments than in A and B. Even if dry matter intakes for organic feeds treatments were not significantly different among them, they were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with conventional diet. Fecal excreta were not significantly different across treatments, resulting in significantly higher digestible dry matter (g/day) in treatments of organic feeds (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were more increased (P<0.01) in treatments of organic feeds compared with conventional diet. Digestibilities for most of nutrients except NFC had the same trend as ADG and FE, however, NFC digestibilities for C and D treatments were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of A and B. Nitrogen intakes for organic feeds treatments were significantly higher (P<0.001) than conventional diet, with no difference among organic feeds treatments. Fecal nitrogen loss was higher (P<0.05) for C and D treatments than for A and B. Retained nitrogen contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) for organic feeds treatments than for conventional diet, but nitrogen retention rate did not show any difference across treatments. The results showed that organic feed supplementation more improved feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with conventional diet, and thus they could be concluded that organic feeds might contribute to animal performance and a safer production of animal product.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.749-758
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• 2017

This Research was the standardization of nutrient sources by reviewing the possibility of cultivation and analysis of imported nutrient sources used in Pleurotus ostreatus culture. As a first result, the concentration of heavy metals was not detected or trace, and the total nitrogen content of cotton seed pomace was 6.22% in Australia, which was higher than that of Chinese or USA. As a second result of physical properties of nutrient sources, the water holding capacity of beet pulp from Egypt was higher with increasing pressure. The volume water content of US was highest at 400hpa and 500hpa in case of cottonseed meal. Third, the content of total nitrogen was the highest at pH 5.51 and the total nitrogen content was the highest at 2.45, and the C/N ratio was the highest at 28.18. Last result shows that first germination day, yield and biological effciency of all treatments were not significant differnet except T2. These results shows that australian cootton was inappropriate to Pleurotus ostreatus culture. Nevertheless, the safety and standardization of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium should be assured by reviewing the media low material importing season, mushroom yield and nutrient sources.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2003

Budgets for water, nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined in two 0.012 ha earthy-bottom ponds stocked with Israeli strain common carp at an initial stocking density of $20\;fish/m^3$. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations increased continuously but later decreased in pond A as a consequence of high nitrification. COD concentrations increased during the experimental period due to the accumulation of feed input. Nutrient budgets showed that feed represented $94-95\%$ of nitrogen input and about 99% of organic matter input. Fish harvest accounted for $40\%$ of nitrogen and organic matter input. Seepage and water exchange removed $15-17\%$ of nitrogen input but only $1-2\%$ of organic matter. Draining of the ponds removed $20-26\%$ of input nitrogen, mostly in inorganic forms, but removed only minus organic matter. Fish and water column respiration accounted for $39\%$ of organic matter input, and benthic respiration accounted for $7-12\%$ of organic matter input. No significant change of nitrogen and organic matter in both pond bottoms were found during the three-month growth period. The unrecovered input nitrogen, about $6.3-13\%$, was lost through denitrification and ammonia volatilization. On a dry matter basis, fish growth removed $31\%$ of total feed input and left $69\%$ as metabolic wastes.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2012

Swine wastewater was treated using a unique sequence of ion exchange membrane bed system (IEBR). Organic matter and nutrient in swine wastewater was pre-treated by electron beam irradiation. The optimal dose for solubilization of organic matter in swine wastewater ranged from 20 kGy to 75 kGy. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were investigated as the solubilized organic fraction of swine wastewater and proteins and lipids mainly contained of the solubilized organic matter. The solubilization of organic matter in swine wastewater was affected by the combination effect of temperature and a dose. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency under room temperature conditions was 67.1%, while that under psychrophilic conditions was 54.6%. For removal of ammonia, the removal efficiency decreased from 63.6% at $23^{\circ}C$ to 33.5% $16.8^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the removal of phosphorus was not a function of temperature. Struvite was one of main mechanisms in anaerobic condition.

• 멤브레인
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

$0.4\;{\mu}m$의 세공크기를 갖고 있는 평막이 침지된 연속회분식 반응기에서 유입 유기물 농도가 영양염류 제거에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 분리막의 여과성능과 영양염류 제거효과를 규명하기 위하여 유입 유기물의 농도를 200 mg/L (Run-1), 400 mg/L (Run-2) 및 800 mg/L (Run-3)로 연속적으로 변화시키면서 실험하였다. COD/N 및 COD/P의 비가 증가할수록 T-N 및 T-P의 제거율은 모두 증가하였다. Run-1, Run-2 및 Run-3에서 T-N의 평균 제거율은 각각 28.1, 32.6 및 90.4%이었으며, 투과수의 T-N 평균 농도는 각각 32.0, 30.0 및 4.3 mg/L 이었다. 또한 Run-1, Run-2 및 Run-3에서 T-P의 평균 제거율은 각각 13.6, 35.3 및 93.1%이었으며, 투과수의 T-P 평균 농도는 각각 3.11, 2.33 및 0.25 mg/L이었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2012

유기과원에서 자생하는 겨울나기 한해살이 초종을 조사하여 과수에 양분공급을 할 수 있는 유망한 녹비자원을 선정하기 위해서 2009년에 수행되었다. 전남지역에 위치한 유기과원 총 13곳을 선정하여 4월과 6월에 자생하는 초종을 조사하였다. 건물중은 4월에 쥐보리가 6월에는 참새귀리가 가장 높았다. 초종별 질소와 칼리의 토양 환원량은 4월에는 쥐보리와 새완두 살갈퀴가 높았고 6월에는 참새귀리가 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 시험에서는 두과 작물인 새완두와 살갈퀴가 토양에 충분한 양의 양분을 환원할 수 있는 유망한 녹비자원으로 판단되었다. 인산은 초종에 상관없이 10~15년생의 과일나무가 생장하기 위해 필요한 수준 이하를 나타내어 추가의 외부 공급이 필요하였다.