• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.395-407
• /
• 2007

Disinfection by-products(DBPs) are formed through the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter(NOM) in water treatment. For reducing the formation of chlorinated DBPs in the drinking water treatment, there is a need to evaluate the behavior of NOM fractions and the occurrence of DBPs for each fraction. Among the six fractions of NOM, the removal of HPOA and HPIN got accomplished through coagulation and sedimentation processes. Advanced water treatment processes were found to be most significant to remove the HPOA and HPON. It was found that HPOA made the most THMFP level than any other fractions and HPIA and HPOA formed higher HAAFP. The fraction of NOM with MW less than 1k Da was 32.5~54.3% in intake raw water. Mostly the organic matter with MW more than 1k Da was removed through coagulation and sedimentation in the drinking water treatment processes. In case of advanced water treatment processes, the organic matter with MW 1k~100k Da decreased by means of ozone oxidation for high molecular weight substances. As the result low molecular organic matter increased. In the BAC and GAC processes, the organic matter with MW less than 100k Da decreased.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 2009

In order to understand food sources-metabolism for the pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), the stable isotope ratios of carbon (${\delta}^{13}C$) and nitrogen (${\delta}^{15}N$) of its gut, gill, and muscle as well as potential food sources (particulate organic matter, sedimentary organic matter, benthic microalgae, seagrass detritus) were determined in Dongdae Bay. Average ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values reflect that oysters primarily fed on sedimentary organic matter as opposed to suspended organic matter during summer and winter seasons. However, the relatively enriched $^{15}N$ values of particulate organic matter (>$250{\mu}m$) and sedimentary organic matter in the summer may be due to the photosynthetic incorporation of $^{15}N$-enriched nitrogen (DIN) or the spawning events of bivalves. Specific oyster tissues (gut, gill, and muscle) revealed different metabolic pathways, which were determined through analysis of ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ in each organ. The present results suggest the determination of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to be a useful approach in ecological research related to the food sources- metabolism of Crassostrea gigas.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 2004

This paper was studied about the characteristics of treatment by ionized gas for livestock wastewater, aiming at the effects of ionized gas on organic matter, hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic matter in livestock wastewater when the new process of advanced oxidation process was applied for meeting the improved the quality of effluent. The organic matter within treated livestock wastewater by ionized gas was partially mineralized according to the time increasement. The $TCOD_{Mn}$ in the livestock wastewater was decreased from 840mg/L to 340mg/L when treated by ionized gas by the enhancement of time. We occupied the equations of $TCOD_{Cr}$, $SCOD_{Cr}$, $TCOD_{Mn}$ and $SCOD_{Mn}$ as to ionized gas treated time. As $TCOD_{Mn}$ increasing ionized gas treated time, the concentration did not meet the water quality, $COD_{Mn}$ 4Omg/L. So, for removing of the remaining organic matter in the efflent after ionized gas, following process is necessary. After treating the livestock wastewater by ionized gas, coagulation was considerable for organic matter removal up to regulation water quality. From UV scans of the treated livestock wastewater by ionized gas, the wastewater has low aromaticity and good colour.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.1008-1011
• /
• 2010

A method currently used to determine soil organic matter (SOM), Tyurin method, is time consuming and expensive while accurate. Recently, a spectrophotometric determination was reported to be rapid, accurate, stable, easy to execute, and amendable to field use for soil samples obtained from Texas, USA. The objective of this study was to test if the spectrophotometric method is applicable to soils in Korea. Soil organic matter was extracted by 1 M HCl followed by a 0.25 M NaOH-0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate solution at a ratio of 1:250 soil:extractant. Soil organic matter determined by Tyurin method was linearly related to the value based on absorbance at 300 nm of the soil extracts with a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.81. Therefore, the result imply that this spectrophotometric method can be used to determine the soil organic matter of agricultural soils in Korea.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 신두리 갯벌 퇴적물의 유기물 기원을 추정하는 것이다. 이를 위해 갯벌의 3지점(Stn. A, B, C)에서 입도, 유기물 함량, C/N비 및 탄소와 질소 안정동위원소를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 퇴적물의 공간적 변화에서 유기물은 퇴적물 미립자 함량과 양의 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 모래 갯벌인 지점 A에서는 해양 미립자 유기물(해양 POM)과 어류 양식장 미립자 유기물(어류 양식장 POM)에서 비롯된 유기물의 퇴적 특성을 보였고, 펄 갯벌인 지점 C에서는 육상식물(TP)과 저서미세조류(BMA)의 유기물 퇴적 특성을 보였다. 한편 혼합갯벌인 지점 B에서는 지점 A와 지점 C 중간적인 해양 POM과 저서미세조류의 영향을 받고 있었다. 또한 퇴적물 내 유기물의 양과 기원은 공간적 변화에 의존하며 그 요인은 조사지점간의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 지점 C의 퇴적물은 육상유기물과 펄 미립자(< 63 ㎛)로 높은 TOC 농도를 보였다. 이러한 사실은 미립자 함량과 유기물질이 지점 C의 퇴적환경 조건에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1972

Densities and composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton, concentrations of particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, and particulate inorganic matter were determined in the coastal area of Ko-ri during one year. There are peaks of densities of plankton organisms in summer, autumn, and spring Concentrations of particulate organic carbon ranged from 35 to 3,785 mg/㎥ (averaging 868mg/㎥ ), particulate organic nitrogen ranged from 4.4 to 158mg/㎥ (averaging 45mg/㎥), inorganic suspended matter ranged from 0.6 to 11.6 mg/L (averaging 5.7mg/L), and the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the suspended matter were varied from 0.5 to 231(averaging 35), with each seasonal cycle. The phytoplankton density and particulate organic carbon were possitively correlated from March to November, negatively from December to February, and the zooplankton dinsity and particulate organic nitrogen were well correlated.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.319-329
• /
• 1988

As a factor which can help to understand the genesis of (mata) sedimentary and/or hydrothermal uranium depisits, an interpretation of the role of organic matter associated with uranium mineralization, was attempted with the literature published up to the end of 1986. Laboratory studies, in which diageneis and metamorphism are artificially simulated, can help to elucidate how uranium with particular organic materials are formed and destroyed. Similarly, research involving a variety of techniques is needed to characterize both the soluble organic extracts (bitumen) and the insoluble organic matter (kerogen), separated from uranium ores and associated rocks. In the presence of clay minerals and amorphous oxy-hydroxde minerals, an understanding of the role of organic matter must be prudent and may require the incorporation of multidisciplinary approach (mineralogy, inorganic geochemistry ...).

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.580-586
• /
• 2017

The fractionation characteristics of organic matter were investigated in inflow and effluent of each other pollution sources and river. While the DOC/TOC ratio in the influent of public sewage treatment plant and livestock disposal facilities was above 0.58, the POC/TOC ratio of human livestock Night soil treatment plant and stormwater runoff was more than 0.7. The TOC removal efficiency of public sewage treatment plant and human livestock Night soil treatment plant were 88.5 % and 99.6 %, respectively. Although the concentration distribution of organic matter pollution most of total organic carbon (TOC) in effluent of pollution sources accounted for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) type (DOC/TOC ratio >0.89) and Refractory-DOC (RDOC)/TOC ratio was higher (>0.65). The fractionation characteristics of organic matter in river were similar with that of sewage treatment plant and TOC concentration showed the positive correlation with DOC ($r^2=0.93$) and RDOC ($r^2=0.89$) concentration. The decay rate of Labile DOC (LDOC) (avg. $0.128day^{-1}$) was higher than labile particulate organic carbon (LPOC) ($0.082day^{-1}$), while that of DOC ($0.008day^{-1}$) was lower than POC ($0.039day^{-1}$) (paired t-test, p < 0.001, n = 5). These study results suggested that it should consider important both TOC and DOC as the target indicator to control refractory organic matter in pollution sources.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.194-205
• /
• 2020

The characteristics and behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were determined by analyzing the molecular weight fractions and fluorescence properties of water samples in the downstream Nakdong River. Biogeochemical water quality parameters and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) were analyzed at five sampling points in the downstream area of the Nakdong River January-August 2019. The molecular weight fractions of the DOM were separated by the Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD). The DOM predominantly comprised humic substances, followed by the building blocks, low molecular weight neutrals and biopolymers. The hydrophobic (aromatic) and hydrophilic properties were shown as coexisting, as most of the SUVA_254nm values were under four. The FDOM was characterized as humic-like (FDOM_H) with allochthonous origin and protein-like (FDOM_P) with autochthonous origin; the FDOM_H with autochthonous origin was also identified. The FDOM_H relies on the aromaticity of the allochthonous organic matter and increases during summer. The FDOM_H and FDOM_P, which depend on the biodegradable dissolved organic matter from phytoplankton, were highly fluorescent in winter. The allochthonous organic matter was the dominant factor contributing to the behavior of the DOM, externally introduced to the river by rainfall. The FDOM only minimally contributed to the behavior of the DOM. It can be explained as the seasonal characteristics of the DOM, varied by the source of the organic matter.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2016

This paper discusses the influence of organic matter contained in aggregate on the emission characteristic of ammonia ($NH_3$) from cement mortar. $NH_3$ can be released to indoor-outdoor environment through diffusion in mortar (or concrete) and have resulted in the increasing air pollution, and especially well known as a harmful gas for the human body. The concentration of $NH_3$ released from cement concrete was then compared to the contents of organic matter contained in the aggregate. The result indicates that the contents of organic matter in the aggregate significantly differ with types of aggregate from different areas of production. The organic matter becomes organic nitrogen through the process of microbial breakdown for a certain period and pure ammonium ion ($NH_4{^+}$) is produced from the organic nitrogen. The $NH_4{^+}$ was reacted with alkaline elements in the cement and released as $NH_3$ from cement concrete through a volatile process. The released $NH_3$ was proportional to the contents of $NH_4{^+}$ adsorbed in the aggregate from different areas of production and the concentrations of $NH_3$ emission from cement mortar according to the aggregate differ by more than 4 times.