• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.126-131
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• 1967

Various amines (Triethylamine, Diethylamine, Dimethylaniline, Pyridine and Diphenylamine) and electron acceptors (Carbontetrachloride, iodine monochloride and iodine) were reacted in the hexane solvent system to form a charge transfer complex in each case. The tendency of forming a charge transfer complex by these electron acceptors was proportional to the basicity of amines and the different type of complex was formed as the polarity of electron donor had markedly changed, which were identified by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. A correlation between the formation of complex and the basicity of amine and the polarity of electron acceptor was discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.248-265
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• 2001

Recently, agriculture in Korea is seriously depressed by economic globalization and trade liberalization because of low competitive power. Organic farming, which is favorable for small scale agriculture, is expected to be one of alternatives to boost agricultural activities in Korea. Organic agriculture requires systemic developments of new technologies considering the complex biological interaction within the system in connection with high quality and safety standard. The National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology(NIAST) has been worked on the series of organic farming technologies, including bio-pesticides, pheromone, natural enemies as well as the testings of materials used in organic farming. NIAST will concentrate on the technological development for compromising to the conflict between commodity-oriented and ecological harmony. Research on systemic land and water use, management of plant nutrition, pest and disease control, post-harvest would also be important targets. Integrated efforts among researchers, professors, administrators, farmers, private sectors, and extension workers are substantial for fast technology development and its dissemination. Development and use of these technologies will homely enlighten the Korean organic farming although it may require quite a time and endeavor.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

This study was carried out to present the measures for the stable organic rice production, farm income increase and consumption revitalization and so on by analyzing economic effects of the organic rice production complex and farmers by cultivation type. The farmers received prices of organic rice and Life and Environment Agriculture (LEA) were 2,965 won and 2,014 won per kilogram, respectively. Finally, the results of the productivity analysis show that LEA produces about 11% lower crop yield compared with the conventional farming. Meanwhile, the profitabilities of the organic farming per 10a were about 15% higher than the conventional farming. But, LEA per 10a was individually 23% lower then the conventional farming.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.391-408
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• 2008

The overall focus of this study was to identify marketing and promotion strategies that can maintain and enhance environmentally friendly farm and organic production and processing activities. This is particularly important as the volume of environmentally friendly farm and organic produce that is generally available is increasing, and significant players, such as Organic Marketing Initiatives(OMI) and conventional marketing co-operatives, are becoming involved in the market. The rapid increase in production of environmentally friendly farm products and organic food is creating new and more complex challenges for marketing, from vegetable box schemes large co-operatives supplying the precise quality and volume required by supermarkets. A possible strategy for many farmers is to co-operate in regionally or nationally operating marketing initiatives. The main objective of any public relations(PR) activity should to enhance publicity and to improve an OMIs image. No promotion, no perception of OMI performance.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.629-647
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic rice production using gelatin chitin microorganisms in eco-friendly complex, Gongsan, Naju city. The soil condition of experiment paddy field was Jeonbuk series and silt loam with a slightly poor drainage. Except for the high effective silicate, the chemical characteristics of soils used were included in the optimum range of paddy soils in Korea. In growth, plant length, tiller number, ear number, and ear length were observed to be higher in conventional paddy fields than organic paddy fields. However, number of grain per panicle and grain filling ratio (%) were higher in organic paddy fields than conventional paddy fields. Incidences of diseases and insect pests were slightly higher in the organic paddy fields. Water weevil, sheath blight, rice leaf roller and rice blast were more occurred in organic paddy field. On the other hand, false smut was higher occurred in conventional paddy field. There was a significant negative correlation between rice sheath blight and rice leaf roller, and rice yield. In the milled rice quality, the quality of organically cultivated milled rices was lower by the increase of broken rice than that of conventionally cultivated milled rices. The quality and palatability of rice were higher in organic cultivation with decreasing of protein content. Net income of conventionally and organically cultivated rice was 360,000 won/10a and 610,000 won/10a, respectively. Premium net income of the organically cultivated rice was 68%.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

This study demonstrates a new method for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles composed of an inorganic silica shell and organic core particles. The organic core particles are prepared with a uniform size using droplet-based microfluidic technology. In the process of preparing the organic core particles, uniform droplets are generated by independently controlling the flow rates of the dispersed phase containing photocurable resins and the continuous phase. After the generation of droplets in a microfluidic device, the droplets are photo-polymerized as particles by ultraviolet irradiation at the ends of microfluidic channels. The core particle is coated with a nano complex composed of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and phosphate ion (Pi) through strong non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction under optimized pH conditions. The polyamine nano complex rapidly induces the condensation reaction of silicic acid through the arranged amine groups of the main chain of PAH. Therefore, this method enabled the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid particles coated with inorganic silica nanoparticles on the organic core. Finally, we demonstrated the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles in a short time under ambient and environmentally friendly conditions, and this is applicable to the production of organic-inorganic hybrid particles having various sizes and shapes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.266.1-266.1
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• 2013

Large-scale single-crystal organic nanowire arrays were generated using a direct printing method (liquidbridge- mediated nanotransfer molding) that enables the simultaneous synthesis, alignment and patterning of nanowires from molecular ink solutions. Using this method, single-crystal organic nanowires can easily be synthesized by self-assembly and crystallization of organic molecules within the nanoscale channels of molds, and these nanowires can then be directly transferred to specific positions on substrates to generate nanowire arrays by a direct printing process. Repeated application of the direct printing process can be used to produce organic nanowire-integrated electronics with two- or three-dimensional complex structures on large-area flexible substrates. This efficient manufacturing method is used to fabricate all-organic nanowire field-effect transistors that are integrated into device arrays and inverters on flexible plastic substrates.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.18-28
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• 2009

Both feasibility and accuracy of lumped approach to group 12 organic compounds in mixtures into a fewer number of pseudocompounds in sorption processes were evaluated using mixtures containing organic compounds with various physicochemical properties and low-surface-area mineral sorbents. The lumped approach for sorption to simulated mineral sorbents was developed by cluster analysis from statistics. Using the lumped approach, the sorption estimated from both reduced number of pseudocompounds and their sorption parameters (i.e., $K_f$, n) can approximate sorption behavior of complex organic mixtures. Additionally, the pseudocompounds for various mixtures to different types of low-surface-area mineral sorbents can be estimated a priori from the physicochemical properties of organic compound (i.e., ${\gamma_w}^{sat}$). Therefore, the lumped approach may help to simplify the complex fate and transport model of organic contaminant mixtures, reduce experimental efforts, and yet provide results that are statistically identical for practical purposes. Further research is warranted to enhance the accuracy of lumped approach using the multiple regression analysis considering the H-bonding capacity, site concentrations, functional groups for mineral sorbents.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

Ultimate objective of industrial hygiene is the prevention of health impairment that may result from exposure to chemicals at workplace. Workers in solvent thinner-using occupation environment may be highly exposed to VOCs (volatile organic compounds) because solvent thinner has been used extensively such as painting, spraying, degreasing, coating and so on in Korea. The purpose of this study was to recognize, evaluate, and propose the control methods of VOCs from solvent thinner-using workplace. Five target volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-xylene) were monitored in H company of Shiwa Industrial Complex and analyzed in perosnal, occupational indoor and outdoor during working hours simultaneously. Engineering control such as local ventilation should be made in considering the long-term exposure, though measured VOCs concentration did not exceed the workplace exposure standards. In addition, air cleaning device should be installed in local ventilation because Shiwa Industrial Complex has had the serious ambient air pollution. Currently, environmental purification using $TiO_2$ photocatalyst have attracted a great deal of attention with increasing number of recent environmental problems. In this study, $TiO_2$ sol coated on the ceramic bead was prepared by sol-gel method and the photodegradation of target compounds was investigated in gas phase by the exposure to UV-A lamp(365nm) in a batch system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.293-294
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• 2005

We have investigated dielectric properties depending on frequency in organic light -emitting diodes using 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum ($Alq_3$) as an electron transport and emissive material. We analyzed the dielectric properties of organic light-emitting diodes using impedance of characteristics. impedance characteristics was measured complex impedance Z and phase $\Theta$ in the frequency range of 40 Hz to $10^8$ Hz. We obtained complex electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and loss tangent (tan$\delta$) of the device at room temperature. From these analyses, we are able to interpret a conduction mechanism and dielectric properties contributed by an interfacial and orientational polarization.