• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 1994

In the edible parts of chinese cabbage, the NO-3 accumulation was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leaves and it was higher in the leaf midrib than in the leaf blade. In Radish, it was higher in the aerial part of the root than in the underground part of root. NO-3 accumulation in edible parts of chinese cabbage of organic farming fertilized with compost 8t/10a was about 4 times higher than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen; and was similar to those of conventional farming fertilized with twice the mineral nitrogen rate. But, NO-3 accumulation in radish of organic farming with 8t/10a compost was lower than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen. It showed NO-3 content in the edible parts of vegetables should be considered one of several parpmeters to judge a real safety vegetable to be certified by government.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.164-169
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• 2011

Spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus pulmonarius (an edible fungus) was used as soil conditioner for the improvement of growth of four common Nigerian vegetables (Abelmoschus esculentus, Lycopersicum esculentum, Capsicum annum and Capsicum chinense). The results of these investigations showed that the vegetables responded well to the SMC treatment. Each of them attained its best growth and gave the highest number of flowers and fruits when planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemented with 600 g of SMC. The control experiment that has the seedlings of the vegetables planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil only, without the application of SMC, showed stunted and poor growth, with few or no flower and fruit production. A. esculentus was the best utilizer of iron utilizing 118.0 mg/kg in the SMC used. Similarly; this vegetable utilized 1.48 mg/kg of nitrogen in the SMC. The highest height in each vegetable was attained with 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemented with 600 g of SMC. At 9 wk, A. esculentus has the mean height of 85.0 cm while these values significantly increased to 100.00 cm at 14 wk ($p{\leq}0.05$). At 9 wk, L. esculentum has the highest mean height of 65.00 cm which increased to 71.00 cm after 14 wk. It was also observed that A. esculentus has the highest mean number of fruits (9.00), followed in order by C. chinense (8.00) and L. esculentum (7.00) ($p{\leq}0.05$) while, C. annum produced the least mean number of fruits (5.00). No fruits production was seen in the control experiments. The results of these findings were discussed in relation to the usage of SMC as possible organic fertilizer for the improvement of growth of vegetables in Nigeria.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.872-878
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• 2014

This study aimed to enhance storage and freshness of strawberry fruits and foliage vegetables by spray treatment with Chlorella vulgaris as a bio-fertilizer. The tested strain, C. vulgaris CHK0008, was isolated from an organically cultivated rice paddy and identified as C. vulgaris by its morphology and 18S rDNA and 23S rDNA sequence homology. We successfully cultured C. vulgaris CHK0008 in BG11 modified medium (BG11MM) and adjusted $2.15{\times}10^6cell/mL$ C. vulgaris CHK0008 to one OD value by measuring the optical density at 680 nm using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The soluble solid content of 'Seolhyang' and 'Yukbo' strawberry fruits treated by spray application with C. vulgaris CHK0008 was enhanced by 22.2% and 11.5% respectively, compared to untreated controls. Additionally, the decay rates of treated 'Seolhyang' and 'Yukbo' strawberry fruits decreased 63.8% and 74.4% respectively, compared to untreated control. Surface color changes and chlorosis of leaves in leaf vegetables such as lettuce, kale, red ornamental kale, white ornamental kale and beet were observed in samples treated with water spray for 10 days after cold storage. However, the decay rate of leafy vegetables treated with foliar application of 25% C. vulgaris CHK0008 liquid culture was significantly decreased compared to that of the untreated control during storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1221-1231
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to find a way to recycle the coir substrate by investigating changes in its physical and chemical properties based on the number of use year. Specific gravity of unused coir substrate was $0.212g/cm^3$, while it was higher for the substrate used for 2 years. Porosity was different depending on the number of use year. The porosity of unused substrate was 51.9%, but it increased to 68.6% after used for 2 years. In general, physical and chemical properties were better in the coir substrate used for 2 years than in unused one. The number of leaves, leaf area, flesh weight and dry weight of oriental cabbage and lettuce were higher in coir substrate used for 2 years than those in unused one. Whereas, no significant difference was observed between the substrates used for one year and 2 years, indicating that the one time-used wast substrate could be recycled for cultivating vegetables. Growth of the vegetables was improved when organic fertilizer composed of complex organics with different mixing ratios was provided to the coir substrate, compared to untreated plot. The optimum mixing ratio of the wast substrate and complex organics was 2:8(v/v) for fertilization using wast coir substrate. Therefore, coir substrate generally wasted after being used for one time was reuseable by supplying organic fertilizer.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.8-14
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• 2000

This paper was conducted to examine the level of total and organic mercury in the scalp hair by the consumption pattern of fish. The scalp hair samples were collected from the occipital part of 101 in coastal, 106 in rural. The total and organic mercury contents of adult scalp hair increased with age up to the forties and slightly decreased in the fifties. (p<0.01) The mercury contents of the persons who were favorite dishes of fish were most high, and who prefer fish were 2 times higher than those of the persons who prefer vegetables and broiled. The contents of total and organic mercury in scalp hair showed a increasing tendency with the intake frequency of raw and cooked fish. (p<0.01) The total and organic mercury contents in the raw fishes were over 2 times higher than those in the boiled fishes.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.238-241
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• 2011

An average Korean known to ingest 3.4 times of the nitrate ADI level are found to have taken in 97% of nitrates through vegetables. This study analyzed the contents of nitrates and chlorophyll in organic Chinese cabbages, a major favorite vegetable for Koreans, with a view to lowering daily intake of nitrate. Our findings show that, in organically cultivated cabbages, the further outward the leaf was located, the more significantly the contents of nitrates increased, with the midrib and leaf blade showing positive relationship of $r=0.789^{**}$, and $r=0.659^{**}$, respectively. In the case of the midrib, the contents increased as high as 79 times ranging from 40ppm for the innermost leaf to 3, 177ppm for the outermost one, and when it comes to the leaf blade, the contents rose as high as 87 times, showing a range of 40 ~ 3,481ppm. Our findings also suggest that it is advisable to discard 1/3 of the outermost leaves before eating Chinese cabbages, since the outer leaves with known high contents of chlorophyll also have high contents of nitrates.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-168
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• 2016

Even though Korean consumers have shown the strong preference for environment-friendly agricultural products, the real market of environment-friendly agricultural products may reach a plateau. In order to overcome this problem, researchers should find the more specific consumers' needs, including taste, flavor, shape, and others. and offer some implications to farmers and marketers. The object of this paper is to analyze the determinant factors of Korean consumers about environment-friendly carrot and oriental melon, through survey and fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach. The results of analyses present that Korean consumers have the unique determinant factors about environment-friendly carrot and oriental melon, which are different from conventional carrot and oriental melon. Korean consumers' experience of the buying of environment-friendly vegetable is also influential in the determinant factors. Findings and implications from this research may be useful to Korean producers and other researchers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.737-752
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of Ganghwa domestic mugwort (Artemisia spp.) on vegetables and its related allelo-chemicals. When the receptor vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, lettuce, and red radish, were treated with aqueous extract obtained from Sajabalssuk (A. $sp^*I$), Ssajuarissuk (A. $sp^*II$) or Ssajarissuk (A. $sp^*III$), their germination rate, leaf number, plant height, and root length were restricted with increasing concentration of aqueous extract. Allelopathic effect was the highest in radish, than lettuce and Chinese cabbage in order. The growth of topplant were more inhibited then root growth observing in restriction of plant height, root length, and chlorophyll contents. The plant height, the root length of red radish were 53.3 and 61.2% and their fresh weights were 19.8 and 26.4% compared to those of controls, respectively. A. $sp^*III$ showed the highest allelopathic effect among the donor plants. In HPLC analysis, 7 phenol compounds were identified in A. $sp^*I$ and A. $sp^*II$, and, in A. $sp^*III$, and hydroxybenzoic acid and phenylacetic acid were further identified as allelochemicals. It is considered that their plant growths were variously inhibited by the amounts and types of allelochemicals in aqueous extracts. To increase the productivity of farm land after cultivation of mugwort, these results can be useful to select the following field crops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.647-654
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of raw and blanched $Haetsun$ vegetables. The proximate composition, reducing sugar, free amino acid, organic acid, vitamin C and mineral composition were compared between raw and blanched $Haetsun$ vegetables. After blanching treatment, the moisture content of $Haetsun$ vegetables was increased, but the crude ash, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein content decreased in all samples. $C.$ $sinensis$ contained the highest level of reducing sugar with 1,518.16 mg% among all samples, and the content of the reducing sugar was decreased after blanching in all samples. Raw and blanched $Haetsun$ vegetables contained all essential amino acids except tryptophan. The vitamin C content of blanched samples was reduced 29~88% compared with raw samples. All $Haetsun$ vegetables contained high levels of potassium and calcium regardless of blanching. From these results, even though this study confirmed that $Haetsun$ vegetables were rich in vitamin C and minerals, their high amount of nutrient was reduced by blanching. Therefore, blanching conditions which can keep food value of $Haetsun$ vegetables must be established, because most of the nutrient composition of $Haetsun$ vegetables decreases by blanching.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess consumption and satisfaction with fresh-cut produce in Korean adults. In this study, an online survey November 9~13, 2020 was conducted with 982 Korean adults age 19~64 (490 males and 492 females) with experience in purchasing fresh-cut produce in the past year. Among all respondents, the percentage with experience in buying 'washed or peeled vegetables' was the highest (71.18%), followed by those in buying 'packaged salads/sprouts/ssam vegetables' (64.15%), 'pre-cut fruits/fruit cups' (59.98%), 'pre-cut or minced vegetables' (56.01%), and 'washed or peeled fruits' (53.67%), respectively. Among the types of fresh-cut produce, 'packaged salads/sprouts/ssam vegetables' showed the highest satisfaction score at 3.73 pts, and the overall satisfaction score of fresh-cut produce consumption was also 3.73 pts. Compared to male respondents, female respondents showed a significantly higher percentage of respondents that purchased 'packaged salads/sprouts/ssam vegetables' (p=0.0409), significantly higher satisfaction scores (p=0.0124), and a higher percentage of respondents considering 'freshness' important when purchasing (p<0.0001). Additionally, the group with high household income comprised a significantly higher ratio of respondents considering 'eco-friendly or organic status' important. The study results may facilitate identify areas for improvement of fresh-cut produce in the future.