• Korean Educational Research Journal
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2019

The society of intelligence-information complex is a fresh world that connects things, knowledge and calculation with human. What is the condition of educational reform in this world? Robinson and Aronica(2015) suggest educational reform at the center of organic agriculture, in which they focus on the dignity of human as an organic being. Human consists in an intelligence and a life. We have to ask to ourselves what is the human in this Age. The development of AI represented by deep-learning will be an actual condition in the educational reform. In the other hand, the combination with an information technology and art rises a question about a life itself. So, we have to ask the question seriously that overlap what is the human and what is a life. Two questions about human and a life cast a philosophical paradox in the age of AI.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2014

In the early 20st century, created distrust on the mechanistic and dualistic view based on the world of Descartes and Newton. As the features of this new science cannot be explained by the existing Western philosophy but can be explained by the thinking system immanent in the Oriental traditional thought, many scientists and philosophers are concentrating their interests on the Oriental philosophy. In addition, some have been making efforts to find solutions needed for a new paradigm from the thinking system of the Orient. A variety of discussions have also been raised in connection with architecture due to this philosophical change. It has now become possible to conduct free creative acts, staying away from physical limitations, including gravity by diversified simulations through a computer. This physical liberation in turn has caused new changes to the spatial concept of architecture, thereby granting the freedom of the expression that could not be even imagined before and opening a possibility of new architecture and space. At the same time, the digital space architecture actively accommodating this technology is generating a phenomenon that the existing physical and realistic things are rapidly being changed gradually to immaterial and unrealistic ones. This study has analyzed the properties of digital architectural space as the immateriality of our traditional architectural space. The results are as follows: It can be seen that the immaterial features exhibited in the digital architectural space and the traditional architectural one are not just interconnected with specific features, but they are correlated to all immaterial features. Thus, immateriality that are common in the traditional and digital architectural spaces is complementary organic, which is contained in the ambiguity of boundary between other spaces. It is regarded to the architecture as a living things in space diversity based on ideological similarities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.121-133
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the design characteristics of external appearances of Hundertwasser's housing projects through both literature review and field study, and to understand how Hundertwasser's architecture philosophy was embodied in the design of external appearances so such projects. The subjects of the analysis are: Hundertwasser House; In the Meadow Bad Soden; The Forest Spiral Darmstadt; and The Green Citadel Magdeburg. The conclusion of the study is as follows. The fundamental architecture philosophy of Hunderwasser is the close linkage between mankind and nature. He has proven, through his four housing projects mentioned above, that it is possible to build houses without destroying and in harmony with nature. Hundertwasser had identified vitality, irregularity and diversity as being the source of beauty of nature. Using the human creativity, he had embodied such elements into his housing projects, thus suggesting an ideal housing environment whereby humanity is respected. Hundertwasser made use of organic curved line and spiral shapes that exist in nature when designing his housing projects. His creativity was articulated through vitality, diversity, and irregularity in colour schemes and a wide range of form. Indeed, he was an architect pursuing the underlying nature of both human and nature. The current living environment in Korea can be characterized as being standardized and desolate, which is a result of housing projects being focused too much on functionalism. Through its analysis of Hundertwasser's housing projects, one of the objectives of this study is to contribute to a new design paradigm being called for today, including for housing projects to be more ecological and environmental-friendly. By motivating architects and appealing to their clients, this study hopes to motivate those involved in various housing projects to think progressively. Such an attitude change could assist in transforming and thus enhancing the overall living environment in Korea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.5
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1995

Frank Lloyd Wright, a master of the 20th Century Ar-chitecture, contributed tremendously in creating a wholly new form of American architecture called Prairie Style. His idea behind the development of the building structur-al system, organic relationships between inner and outer space, horizontal vertical lines, and idea of extending and expanding interior spaces came from nature. He had completed over 390 projects throughout his life and 90% of those projects were residential design. The most typical characteristic shared by many of his residential design was that each design element, whether it is functional or aesthetical, has close relationship to or-ganic nature, human scale, theoretical floor plants, and maximum emphasis on horizontal lines in respect to na-ture. His concept of "flow of spaces" reformed common the-ory of room next to room in a enclosed space. His sense of "wall" was no longer the side of a box. Careful selec-tion of finishing materials, colors, and natural images en-hance the design as well. F.L. Wright was an artist, designer, and architect who believed the exterior space should have direct relationship to the interior space. His architectural philosophy was not only to design exterior of architecture but also to ful-fill his space through the careful development of interior elements such as furniture, and lighting fixture. Even the patterns for leaded glass windows were designed to have unified appearance from outside to inside of the house. The objective of this study was to analyze floor plans, spatial organizations, and interior design elements of the houses which represent the best of F.L. Wright's design principles and philosophy behind Prairie Style. The meth-od used to collect informations for this study was based on books, articles, journals, and actual site visits. actual site visits.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.145-177
• /
• 2001

The artist's interest has been captivated by ecological phenomena in Nature. Her keen captivation has then been focused into plastic art depicting the image of primitive life. The wide sweep of her work encompasses the totality of nature which consists of the human's subconscious power and imagination which she then portrays by organic images. These organic images are in contrast to scientific, mathematical and logical inference and consciousness. This research examines the character of the organic images in modern art by her analysis of some representative works by others. The image is an essential concept in the art which appeared in very different ways and in different perspectives. The image in the artwork appears to be the realistic expression until the early part of the 20th Century. Well into the 20th Century, it began being expressed in various ways such as combined images by imagination which is combined or rejected in the story of artwork. It also began being expressed by transferred images by changed original conditions. It is the main purpose of this research is to study of various expressions of organic images in the artwork of the Post-Modernism era. The character and meaning of organic image painting helps people to approach the human instinct more easily to find out the natural essence. It is also an objective of the organic image to tenderise our human sensibilities, thus helping us to regain vitality and recover our poor humanity in the barren wilderness of modern society. 'Life communion with nature' is a meeting point and common ground for Oriental Philosophy and organic image painting. Through this research, organic image painting is characterised in the four following ways : 1st) Organic image painting seeks regularity and perfection of outer shapes, in contrast to disordered and deformed nature, resulting in organic and biotic formalistic mode of plastic art. 2nd) Organic image painting seeks the formative. 3rd) Organic image painting pursues the priceless dignity of life by researching the formatted arrangement and figure, which contains primitive power of life. 4th) Organic image painting makes crystal clear the power of human and nature, which is a historic and biological phenomenon. This, in turn, exposes the humanistic view of the world from modern society best characterised in lost self-understanding, isolation and materialism. The representative organic image painting artists are Elizabeth Murray, Kusama Yayoi, and Niki do Saint Phalle. Elizabeth Murray used shaped canvas and a round construction of relief works. Kusama Yayoi used Automatistic expressionism originating from the realms of unconsciousness and which is represented by the mass and shape of a water drop. Niki do Saint Phalle shows the transcendence of universal life and anti-life to respect the dignity of life and the eco-friendliness relationship of human and nature in the post-modernism in art history. This is accomplished by surrealistic, symbolic, fantastic and humoristic expression. These three artists' works express the spirit of the organic image in contemporary art. It contains the stream of nature and life to seek not only the state of materialism in the reality, but also the harmonized world of nature and human which has almost lost the important meaning in modern times. Finally, this organic image is the plastic language of the majestic life. It is the romantic idea that the intimacy of nature and the universe and Surrealism, which emphasizes the unconsciousness , is the source of truth and spirit. Also it is influenced by primitive art and abstract art. According to this research, the subject 'Research About Organic Images' is not only an important element in the plastic arts from primitive society to the present, but is also fundamental to an true understanding of Post-Modernism.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.1403-1418
• /
• 1999

Nursing is a discipline that helps to understand human being, to mitigate pains in life by promoting and recovering health, and to study the basic principles in sustaining and preserving life. To understand man and thus to nurse, it is essential to take the way of life of the specific person, his/her ideas, and natural environment into consideration. This means, the temperament, geography, environment and society peculiar to Korea have formed its own culture distinguished from those of other people. Thoughts and philosophy develop as a products of the specific culture and society. Therefore, accurate understanding of the concepts of nursing in the traditional thoughts and philosophy is indispensible to define Korean nursing. Modern Korean nursing at first rooted in the westernized nursing and western nursing intervention has been applied ever since its introduction in the late 19th century under the paradigm of western natural science. However, Koreans in the past made use of alternative therapy which put its emphasis on the organic and holistic view of life as well as a means for traditional medicine and nursing. This alternative therapy has been largely ignored since the introduction of western medical science, and was considered something used only by the aged or the uneducated. Moreover, Health concerned practices and customary traditional therapy have been discarded in the clinical medicine as "unscientific" or "unsystematic". As described above, it is true that Korean nursing has developed in the quantitative aspect only adhering to western nursing intervention. Now it is the time to stop to hold ourself and to look back our past. To find and develop the originality of Korean nursing to cope with the globalization, it is necessary to rediscover nursing (alternative) therapy in Korean culture ignored so far. For this purpose, this study examines the oriental philosophy to explore alternative nursing theory now under development. Also it aims to present ways to apply alternative therapy to nursing education, research and clinical practices and ultimately to show the desirable direction of the nursing to go in the future. Yangsaeng theory of Taoism and Yin-yang, Oh-hang(five elements) and khi theory in Dongeuibogam which gave enormous influences on Korean medical culture and treatment together with Sahsang(four temperaments) emphasized in Dongeuisusebowon will be examined as conceptual framework. Concepts of nursing are categorized into views on each the universe, the human being and nursing. Views on human being is classified into subcategories of body, life, health, and disease. Also it emphasizes the necessity of including alternative therapy in nursing intervention. Views on the universe is classified into yin-yang, khi, and temperament. Nursing will be available anywhere and easily accessible with this new nursing intervention. Trying to give a new thoughts to all those traditional concepts and alternative therapy, this article suggests the necessity of developing original Korean nursing theory and nursing intervention.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.501-517
• /
• 2011

This study investigates the concept of the body in Korean traditional costume by comparing the traditional costumes of the west and those of Korea while focusing on the relationship between the body and dress. In order to make a comparison of the traditional perspectives on the body in western and Korean costumes, this study examines the literature of history, art, medicine, philosophy as well as dress from the mid-fourteenth century to the nineteenth century pertaining to the west and those of the Joseon Dynasty Korea. Western dress assumes apparent formal structures and pursues overall harmony via the completeness of its entities, while traditional Korean dress subordinates the parts to the whole, emphasizing the organic total. Whereas the proportion of bodily structure is stressed in western traditional costume, in Korean costume the body is perceived as a whole. By revealing the body through the three dimensionalities of dress, the focus on the erogenous body parts is shifting in conventional western dress according to changes in aesthetic consciousness, which reflects the western ideas of objectiveness and self-centeredness. In traditional Korean dress, in the space between the body and dress, the emphasis is on planarization of the dress, which assumes the oriental relationship-centeredness concept.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1 s.60
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2007

Proceedings in a new field of sciences and technologies like genetic engineering challenge to conventional concepts. It demonstrates a certain disappearance in conventional concepts that dominants our perceptions, such as organic, mechanical, and dichotomic concept of informative materials, and that is to be extended as a potential possibility. Then, what is a new space where our bodies that feel and cherish in their mind should live in these days as well as it makes senses by itself and should affect the principle that makes worlds? In addition, this study proposes a frame in the analysis in order to understand a section of modern designs with the question of 'what is the change in the relationship between relative structures in spaces and objects from a design point of view according to new structural concepts of body?' The major point of this analysis can be realized based on the assumption of the extension of the characteristics in the change of structural relationship in the aspect of post structuralism that includes non-structuralized relationship represented in modern philosophy, arts, and architectural works. Then, it can be accomplished as positive ideas in the foundation of space designs in future including the understand of 'new structural relationship' that can't be expressed as rationality and causal sequence by considering how the experiment conducted using several topics on body can be projected onto spaces through the process applied in the experiment.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2006

This paper is a study on the anthroposophic characteristics shown in the first Goetheanum. Rudolf Steiner promoted anthroposophy base on the critique of modem times. His philosophy has developed in various areas such as medical science, agriculture, education, and art. In particular, his thinking was well expressed in the first Goetheanum which was built for Anthroposophical Society. The anthrososophic architectural theory is defined here as application of cosmology, metamorphology and geometry. Steiner defined geometry as a unconscious awareness inscribed in skeletal system of human body as humans have evolved in the process of cosmological development. As a result, Steiner's architecture was able to create metamorphological spaces with harmonizing geometric and organic factors. In respect of decoration, the shapes of plants applied to the decoration still kept individuality because of being made manually, thus perfect symmetrical architecture was impossible. Moreover, the first Goetheanum placed an emphasis on formative dynamics. This was to wake an individual's self-conscienceless up, by enabling him to experience with all the senses without reasoning from the precedent.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 1996

Although the physical therapy of both East and West has been based on an identical philosophy, they have had their own therapy with difference in its form and pattern. In general, cupping is used to diagnose and treat viscera by means of acupuncture point, and myofascial release is also used for both diagnosis and orthopedic treatment on the basis of trigger point and myofascial however, when they have a lot of identical facts such as using both mental and physical aspects of human beings for treatment, keeping nervous action balanced, and recovering depressed nervous functions and relieving the pain. In addition. their identical fact includes that they tend to treat patients by using symptoms and reaction shown in their skin, and that both East and West try to consider myofascia as an integrated totality and as a unified body of organic functions with correlations. Among the principles of myofascial release, recently, it has been very identical that stimulus given to the skin results in synapse to sympathetic nerve through dosal horn cell has an effect on viscera, and that cupping is sued for diagnosis and treatment of viscera. It is required, therefore, to continue to carry out studying on this field.