• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.257-263
• /
• 1997

Berberis amurensis Ruprecht(Berberidaceae) is a medicinal plant indigenous to the middle and northern part of Korean peninsula. The woody parts of this plant have been used for the ocular, peptic and intestinal disorders. The stems of this plants were extracted with MeOH and the MeOH extract was partitioned between organic phases and water layer, successively to fractionated quarternary alkaloids. The acetone-soluble part of guarternary alkaloidal fraction had antibacterial activities and it contained four protoberberine alkaloids such as palmatine(I), Berberine(II), Jatrorrhizine(III) and coptisine(IV), and one aporphine alkaloid, magnoflorine(V). Although the isolations of the compounds I, II, IIII, IV and V from different sources were reported, this is the first report that Berberis amurensis contained the compounds. When the contents of compound I(palmatine) and II(berberine) were quantified and compared with those of other plant parts, cortex contained higher palmatine and berberine than any other part of the plant.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 2012

The amount of cellular components including soluble sugars, amino acids, organic acids and glucosinolates (GLS) was investigated during radish root processing to develop a radish beverage. The radish root was divided into two parts, white and green tissue, and processed separately by extracting the juice from the fresh tissue and from the boiled tissue to compare differences in the components content among the preparations. The overall palatability of both the fresh and boiled extracts from the green part of the radish was higher than that of the same extracts from the white part. The sweetness of extract by boiling increased and its pungency decreased, thereby the palatability increased by being compared to the fresh radish extract. The sweetness was affected by sucrose not by glucose or fructose of monosaccharides by showing different sucrose contents according to treatment comparing palatability. Malic acid was identified as primary organic acid, and the content was higher in both the fresh and boiled extracts from the white part than in the extracts from the green part of the radish. The fresh extract from the green part of the radish contained more essential amino acids, such as threonine and valine, and more hydrophilic amino acids including glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine than those of the fresh extract from the white part, suggesting the green fresh part is more palatable than the white fresh part. The main sulfur compound was ethylthiocyanate in radish, and others were butyl isothiocyanate, dimethyl-disulfide, and 4-methylthio-3-butylisothiocyanate. The four GLS were detected much more in the fresh green and fresh white parts of the radish because they evaporated during boiling. The contents of the four sulfur compounds were higher in the white fresh part than in the green fresh part, which is likely the reason the pungency was higher and the palatability was lower in the white fresh part than in the green fresh part of the radish. The ascorbic acid content was higher in the fresh extract compared to the boiled extracts from both the green and white parts. Taken together, these findings indicate that fresh radish extract is superior to obtain in terms of retaining desirable nutritional and functional components for health.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.415-421
• /
• 2000

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from PC/Monitor set and chemical parts com-prising of PC/Monitor set were analyzed aran, and xylene of VOCs based on qualitative analysis. As a result of these analyses, when the Wedge Rub-ber of rubber product was heated from 60$^{\circ}C$ to 80$^{\circ}C$, the emission rate(%) of xylene was increased about 2.5 times. But it was evaluated that the left of chemical parts were not affected by temperature except Wedge Rub-ber. The results of qualitative analyses between RGA and GC-MS were a little different respectively. With quantitative analysis, concentration of xylene emitted from cabinet was measured to be maximum as 6029.3 ug/ m$^3$(1.3ppm). The concentrations of toluene, xylene, and benzofuran derived from PC/Monitor set were 10.25${\mu}g/m^3$, 690${\mu}g/m^3$, and 180 ${\mu}g/m^3$, and these concentrations were relatively high levels which can bring on the risk to human health.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.380-391
• /
• 2003

Surface sediments were collected from Gwangyang and Yeosu Bays to evaluate their sedimentological characteristics and geochemical aspects of both the benthic environment and heavy metal pollution. The grain size distribution includes both sandy and muddy sediments. Sand-rich sediments occur mainly near the POSCO and the channel between Namhedo and Yeosu Bando, while elsewhere mud-dominated sediments are present. TOC content ranges from 0.2 to 2.1 % and C/N ratios indicate that the range arises from the mix of organic matter. The C/S ratios of this organic matter show that parts of the study area are anoxic or have sub-anoxic bottom conditions. The hydrogen sulfide content of the sediment has a range of 0.7 to 301 ppm, with a high content occurring inshore of Myodo Island, where it indicates a polluted environment. The enrichment factor (Ef) and index of accumulation rate (Igeo) of ten heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Li, Zn, V, Cr, Ba) show that parts of the study area contain from one to seven times more Pb and Ba, and from 0.8 to 3.5 times more of the other elements than the mean sediment value. The Igeo values of V and Cd show that different parts of the area can be classified as heavily polluted, heavily to moderately polluted, or more or less unpolluted. Those areas that have both high levels of enrichment and high accumulation rates of heavy metals contain predominantly fine sediments with a high organic matter and hydrogen sulfide content.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2001

The biomass structure for three major components viz., the dominant grass, Chrysopogon zeylanicus Thw., the 'other grasses' and the'remaining species'and dry matter dynamics for total community were studied over a period of one year in an annual fire influenced subtropical humid grassland community in Western Ghats, India. The biomass of aboveground, belowground and litter compartments were high as in other humid grasslands and generally have positive correlation with rainfall, rainy days and relative humidity with the exception of litter parts. The above and belowground net primary productions (4,561 and 722 g/㎡, respectively) were also higher and were comparable with other humid tropical grasslands. The turnover of organic matter was rapid, Of the total input of 14.47 g/㎡ into the system, about 86.3% was allocated to above ground parts and 13.7% to below ground parts. The total disappearance was 2.56 g/㎡ and it was accounted to be 17.68% of the total output. The net surplus of dry matter (82.32%) in the post fire community indicates that the grassland was maintained in a seral stage. Hence it is suggested that prescribed burning may keep this ecosystem in a highly productive and seral stage.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2008

Indoor ozone has received attention because of its well-documented adverse effects on health. In addition to the inherently harmful effects of ozone, it can also initiate a series of reactions that generate potentially irritating oxidation products, including free radicals, aldehydes, organic acids and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Especially, ozone reacts actively with terpene. The overarching goal of this work was to better understand ozone and terpene distributions within rooms. Towards this end, the paper has two parts. The first describes the development of a cylindrical test chamber that can be used to obtain the second order rate constant $(k_b)$ for the bi-molecular chemical reaction of ozone and terpene in the air phase. The second consists of model room experiments coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the experimental scenarios to obtain ozone and terpene distributions in various turbulent flow fields. The results of CFD predictions were in reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 1996

A new phenolic glycoside named mussaendoside L (1), along with four known iridoidal glycosides $(2{\sim}5)$ were isolated from the aerial parts of Mussaenda pubescens Ait.f. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.13 no.1_2
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 1998

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias lalipes and Cyprinus carpio. 96h-LC$_{50}$ of cadmium was 6.38mg/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs (caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of C~lprinus carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 1999

Silicone oil has organic and inorganic properties, and its skeleton is polysiloxane bonding that silicon is bonded hydrogen or organic group. Silicone compounds are very smooth and lubricant properties by low surface tension, low temperature dependence, and nonadhesive properties. Because of these properties, silicone compounds are used as many parts of chemicals, softener, smooth and libricant agents, water-repellent agent, and defoaming agent, etc. Emulsion was prepared with the inversion emulsification method which adopted the agent-in-oil method dissolving the polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl ether(HLB 12.2) into methoxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane and hydroxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane in water. At this time, processed emulsion was almost microemulsion. When ratio of emulsifier increases, emulsion is stable bacuause microemulsion is solubilized by emulsion drop size and zeta-potential are decreased. But, when amount of electrolyte is increase, emulsion became unstable because emulsion drop size is increased.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.743-748
• /
• 2002

UV photolysis process is little known in parts of air pollution treatment, so there are not many applications in field. Therefore we have to do more experiment and study application possibility for treatment of VOCs(Volatile organic compounds). To solve these problems, we have been studying for simultaneous application of this technology. It has shown that concentration of TCE and B.T.X., diameter of reactor and wavelength of lamp have effected on decomposition efficiency. Analysis of TCE and B.T.X. concentration was carried out by GC-FID. A cylinderical reactor consisting of a quartz tube and a centrally located lamp(${\psi}25mm$) was used. The length and diameter of reactor were 1800mm, 75mm. It has shown that the generated ozone concentration goes up 250ppm when using 64watt ozone lamp. When using Photolysis process only, the rates of fractional conversion of each material are TCE 79%, Benzene 65%, Toluene 68%, Xylene 76%. This phenomenon can be rationalized in terms of the different bond energy that indicates how easily VOCs species can be decomposed.